Grey gologolo - mbewa zokongola komanso zokongola. Agologolo afala padziko lonse lapansi, ndizosangalatsa kuwayang'ana. M'mapaki amzindawu, amabwera pafupi ndi munthu ndikumwa chakudya m'manja, makamaka mtedza. Kuwona mapuloteni kumalimbikitsa kupumula ndi kupumula kwa kupsinjika kwa anthu amakono.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Grey squirrel
Gologolo wam'mimba wakum'mawa kapena wa Caroline (Sciurus carolinensis) adabwera ku Europe kuchokera ku North America. Agologolowa adayambitsidwa koyamba ku British Isles pakati pa zaka za m'ma 1900. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, mtundu uwu unafalikira ku Europe ndi Russia konse, umapezeka m'nkhalango, m'mapaki, m'malo obzala, m'chigawo cha Russia taiga ndi nkhalango.
Agogo a squirrel otuwa adatchedwa Iscbyromyides, omwe pambuyo pake adasinthika kukhala Sciurides, ndipo amakhala ku North America zaka zopitilira 40 miliyoni zapitazo. Kuchokera pamtundu uwu kunabwera makoswe amakono, agologolo apansi, agologolo aku America, aku Japan akuuluka komanso agalu akumapiri. Mitundu yamakono "Common squirrel" Sciurus vulgaris ili ndi zaka pafupifupi 3 miliyoni.
Kanema: Grey Gologolo
Monga ziweto, agologolo akhala akulimidwa kuyambira masiku akale a Roma. M'nthano, nthano ndi nkhani zaku India ndi Germany, gologoloyo ali ndi malo apadera. Mwachitsanzo, mulungu waku Germany Donar amawona agologolo nyama yopatulika, chifukwa cha malaya amoto. Ndipo m'nthano zaku India, gologoloyo anali ndi mphamvu yakutha nyanja yonse ndi mchira wake.
Dzinalo "gologolo" potanthauzira kuchokera ku Chi Greek limatanthauza "mthunzi, mchira", womwe ndi woyenera kwambiri kwa nyama yolimba komanso yothamanga yomwe imayenda ngati mphezi, ikungosala mthunzi chifukwa cha mchira wonyezimira. M'Chilatini, gologolo wamkuluyo amamveka ngati Grey squirrel (Sciurus carolinensis). M'malemba akale achi Russia, mapuloteni amatchedwa "veksha".
Kufalikira mwachangu kunathandizidwa ndi kusowa kwa nyama zolusa zomwe zingawasake monga ku North America. Nyengo ku Europe ndiyabwino, nyengo yotentha imakhala yotentha, motero nyamazo zimaberekana ndikulowa m'malo atsopano. Agologolo wam'mawa (imvi) amapezeka kumayiko onse kupatula Australia ndi mayiko omwe ali ndi nyengo ya Mediterranean.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Agologolo agologolo
Gologolo wamkulu amakhala ndi thupi lalitali komanso lolimba, miyendo yayifupi yokhala ndi zikhadabo zazitali, ndipo kulibe ngayaye pamapazi a makutu, mosiyana ndi gologolo wofiira. Miyendo yakumbuyo ili ndi zala zisanu, ndipo miyendo yakutsogolo ili ndi zinayi zokha, zomwe zimawathandiza kulumpha kuchoka panthambi kupita kunthambi mwachangu. Zikhadabo zazitali zimamulola kuti azigwira mwamphamvu osagwa kuchokera kutalika kwa mtengo.
Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu kumakhala pafupifupi 1000 g, kutalika kwa thupi ndi masentimita 32, ndi okulirapo komanso mwamphamvu kuposa obadwa nawo - agologolo ofiira. Pakadali pano, pafupifupi awathamangitsa kumalo awo achilengedwe. Mtunduwo umachokera phulusa loyera mpaka imvi yakuda, ndipo pamimba pamayera, pamapapo pali mtundu wagolide ndi wofiira. Kunja, ndizosatheka kusiyanitsa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi, nyama zimawoneka chimodzimodzi.
Zosangalatsa: Mchira wautali ndi 2/3 wamtali wamthupi mwake ndipo umamuthandiza kulumpha maulendo ataliatali. Mchira ndi chitetezo ku kuzizira, kutentha komanso kumathandiza kuti zizikhala bwino. Kudumpha kwamamita asanu ndi limodzi sikokwanira kwenikweni kwa gologolo wamkulu. M'nyengo yozizira komanso yotentha, gologoloyu amatulutsa ndipo chovala chake chaubweya chimasintha.
Kukonzekera nyengo yozizira, mapuloteni amadya kwambiri, amasonkhanitsa mafuta, kutengera nyengo, ubweya umakhala wolimba komanso wotentha. Nthawi yayitali gologolo amakhala pafupifupi zaka zisanu, anthu ena amakhala zaka khumi ndi ziwiri, koma ali mu ukapolo. M'madera akumpoto, komwe zinthu ndizovuta kwambiri, agologolo amakhala pang'ono, anthu ambiri amafa ndi kuzizira komanso matenda.
Gologolo wamphongo ndi wokangalika kwambiri, amayenda nthawi zonse kufunafuna chakudya. Ali ndi maso akulu komanso otakata, chifukwa cha malo omwe ali pamphuno, chinyama chimakhala ndi mawonekedwe owonera, chifukwa chake amawona ngozi. Chifukwa cha ubweya wake wokongola, gologoloyo amakhala chinthu chosaka kapena kuwedza. Ubweya wa nyama zazing'ono umayamikiridwa makamaka.
Kodi gologolo wagulu amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Grey imvi
Monga malo okhala, gologoloyo amakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango zosakanikirana kapena zamatope, makamaka ndi dera lalikulu. Gologolo mmodzi amatha kuphimba malo okwana mahekitala anayi. Zimamveka bwino mdera lanyengo. Sangapezeke m'malo athyathyathya ndi m'chipululu; amapewa malo otseguka.
Pamwamba pa dziko lapansi, gologoloyo amada nkhawa, chifukwa chake, atangoyenda pang'ono, amathawira kumitengo. Monga nyumba, gologolo wamphongo amasankha dzenje kapena chisa cha mbalame chosiyidwa. Ngati palibe malo oyenera, amatha kupanga chisa chotseguka, mu mphanda m'nthambi. M'minda kapena m'mapaki, amatha kukhala m'nyumba yosungira mbalame.
Nthawi yotentha yamasana, amakonda kugona pachisa chozizira, ndipo m'mawa ndi madzulo amapeza chakudya. Gologolo grey amapewa kuwala kwa dzuwa komanso chinyezi. Imeneyi ndi nyama yokhazikika, yogwira ntchito masana okha. Agologolo ambiri amakhala pafupi ndi anthu omwe nthawi zambiri amawadyetsa m'ma feed apadera.
Kodi gologolo imvi amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Grey squirrel ku Russia
Gologolo wamkulu ndi wa omnivores, monga makoswe ambiri.
Zakudya zawo zazikulu:
mtedza;
mbewu zosiyanasiyana;
zipatso;
mphukira za mitengo yaying'ono;
nyemba zamtundu;
tizilombo;
ziphuphu;
mtedza.
Nthawi yokolola, kusowa kwawo kwa mapuloteni kumawonjezeka, kotero amatha kudya chule, mazira kapena mwana wankhuku. Njala ikachitika, gologoloyo amakhala tizilombo: amadya makungwa ndi mphukira za mitengo yaying'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kufa kwawo. Ngati pali minda yokhala ndi tirigu, chimanga chapafupi, mababu amakumbidwa pansi. Ngakhale mabedi amaluwa amawopsezedwa, agologolo amatha kudya maluwa ngati atakopeka ndi fungo lokoma la timadzi tokoma.
Nthawi yachisanu, gologolo wamphongo amasungira nyengo yozizira. Kupulumuka kwa mapuloteni nthawi yozizira kumadalira kuchuluka kwawo. Amabisa nkhokwe zawo pakati pa nthambi, naziika pafupi ndi mizu ya mitengo, ndikubisala m'maenje a mitengo. Izi ndi mitundu yonse ya zipatso, bowa wouma, mbewu, ma cones. Ngati wina wapeza posungira posachedwa, gologoloyo sangapulumuke nyengo yozizira yozizira.
Agologolo amakumbukira bwino posungira, koma nthawi zina samabwereranso ndipo potero amathandizira kufalitsa mbewu. Umu ndi momwe minda yonse yamitengo ndi mapulo imawonekera, chifukwa cha kuiwala kwa gologolo. Zakudya zamapuloteni zimasiyana malinga ndi nyengo: nthawi yachisanu imadya pafupifupi magalamu 80 a chakudya patsiku, ndipo chilimwe mpaka magalamu 40.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Grey American Squirrel
Gologolo wamphongo amakumbukira bwino, amamvetsera mwachidwi komanso mosamala, amadziwika kuti ndi amodzi mwamitundu yofulumira kwambiri ya makoswe. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, amaiwala nkhokwe zake, zomwe makoswe ena amapeza ndikudya mosangalala. M'mapaki, agologolo ambiri amatenga chakudya m'manja mwa anthu, koma ndi achinyamata okha omwe amalembedwa.
Chosangalatsa: Muyenera kusamala mukakumana ndi mapuloteni otuwa, omwe amanyamula nthomba, omwe ndi owopsa kwa anthu. Mapuloteni omwewo sangatengeke nawo. Ngati gologoloyo ali pangozi, amatha kuluma mdaniyo mopweteka, pogwiritsa ntchito mano akuthwa ndi kukanda ndi zikhadabo.
Gologoloyo ali ndi mano olimba komanso athanzi. Zojambula zake zakhala zikukula m'moyo wake wonse, motero akatswiri amadziwa msinkhu wake ndi mano ake. Amatafuna chipolopolo cholimba cha mtedza ndi zotsekemera. Ma molars ali kumbuyo kwa kamwa. Dzino la gologolo likathyoka ndikutha, latsopano limamera m'malo mwake. Uku ndiye kusiyana kwake kwakukulu kuchokera kuzinyama zambiri.
Gologolo wamkulu samadziwa momwe angapezere mphamvu zazikulu, samapita ku hibernation, chifukwa chake amayenera kulandira chakudya kangapo tsiku lililonse. Uku ndiye kufooka kwake komanso kusatetezeka kwake, chifukwa nyama zambiri zoyamwitsa zimatha kukhala opanda chakudya kwanthawi yayitali. Ndi njala yayikulu, mapuloteni amatha kudya mafupa a nyama zazing'ono zakufa.
Gologolo wagulu amakhala wosungulumwa. Sachita nkhanza kwambiri moyandikana nawo, koma amayesetsa kupewa abale. Kupsinjika kwa abale kumawonekera kokha munyengo yazovuta. Amalankhulana ndi abale ake, kupanga mawu amfupi oseketsa, ndipo mothandizidwa ndi mchira wake, gologoloyo amawonetsa kusakondwa kapena kupsa mtima kwake. Moyo wake umakhala wokangalika, nthawi yonse yopumula, amalumpha kuchokera ku nthambi kupita ku nthambi.
Zikakhala zoopsa mofuula "amaomba m'manja", ndikudziwitsa dera lonse za izi. Amayesetsa kupewa madambo, chinyezi, ndi nyama yamanyazi komanso yosamala, kuwopa mabingu, phokoso ladzidzidzi. Gologolo wamphongo, mosiyana ndi wofiira, sawopa konse madzi, amasambira bwino ngati pali chosowa kapena chowopsa m'moyo.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Grey squirrel nyama
Gologolo imabala ana awiri kapena atatu pachaka. Mkazi amakhala wokhwima pogonana pofika chaka cha moyo wake. Kutentha kumayamba ndi kasupe wofunda. Amuna amayamba kukondana ndi akazi, akumathamangitsa ndikusewera kwa masiku angapo. Pakadutsa nthawi, amuna atatu kapena atatu amayamba kukondana mozungulira wamkazi. Amuna amakopa chidwi pogogoda zikhomo zawo ndikuphwanya mokweza.
Pambuyo ndewu zingapo, mwamphamvu kwambiri komanso wamkulu wamwamuna amakhalabe, yemwe amakhala bambo wa ana ake. Pambuyo pa kukwatira, yamphongo imalemba zigawo m'derali, ndipo chachikazi chimayamba kumanga zisa zingapo nthawi imodzi. Mkati mwawo, amayala pogona zofewa, ndikupangitsa chisa kukhala chotetezeka komanso chosangalatsa.
Pansi pake pamakhala dongo ndi matope kuti likhale lolimba. Chisa chimakhala ndi khomo lalikulu komanso lotuluka mwadzidzidzi kuti pakagwa ngozi mutha kusiya chisa mosavuta komanso mwachangu. Mimba ya gologolo wotuwa imatenga masiku 38. Agologolo amabadwa akhungu, dazi komanso osowa chochita, mayi nthawi zonse amakhala pafupi nawo ndipo amamudyetsa mkaka maola 3-4 aliwonse.
Nthawi zambiri agologolo atatu kapena khumi amabadwa, koma ndi ochepa okha omwe amapulumuka mwa anawo. Maso awo amatseguka m'masabata 2-3 kuyambira atabadwa. Ambiri amafa chifukwa chongofuna kudziwa, amangogwa m'chisa, kukodwa ndi adani.
Zosangalatsa: Gologolo wagulu ndi mayi wosamala kwambiri. Nthata kapena tiziromboti tina timamera m'chisa, chimasamutsira mwanayo ku chisa china.
Agologolo amakhala odziimira pakatha sabata lachisanu ndi chinayi, amachoka pachisa ndikuyamba kudzipezera okha chakudya. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, amakhala kwakanthawi pachisa ndi amayi awo.
Adani achilengedwe agologolo agulu
Chithunzi: Agologolo agologolo
Mitunduyi ilibe adani ambiri, zomwe zikufotokozera kukhazikika kwachangu ku Europe, monga mbewa zina. Amasungidwa ndi liwiro la kuyenda, kumva kwakanthawi komanso kuyankha bwino. Mutha kugwira agologolo pansi, pomwe amakhala nthawi yayitali kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri zimakhala nkhandwe ndi mimbulu, yomwe imayang'anira mwatcheru nyama zawo. Pamitengo, martens, amphaka amtchire ndi lynx amazisaka.
M'malo otseguka, ndi nyama zosavuta kudya mbalame: chiwombankhanga, nkhandwe ndi mphamba. Agologolo angakokedwe kuchokera ku chisa ndi khwangwala kapena mphaka wamba wamba. Kwa mibadwo yonse, gologolo wamkuluyo "adapanga" njira yake yopulumukira. Mwachitsanzo, ikamathamanga ndikutsika, kumakhala kovuta kuti mbalame zodya nyama zigwire nyama. Ndipo pogwiritsa ntchito nthambi zoonda poyenda, gologolo wotuwa amathawa mosavuta ku marten.
Adani achilengedwe a mapuloteni otuwa (Caroline) ku America ndi awa:
- nkhandwe;
- nkhandwe zotuwa;
- mimbulu yachinyamata;
- mphungu;
- chiwombankhanga chagolide;
- kadzidzi;
- American marten;
- ziphuphu;
- puma;
- goshawki.
Monga mukuwonera pamndandandandawu, opitilira theka la odyetsawa kulibe ku Europe, zomwe zidakhudza agologolo nthawi yomweyo. Amatha kuchoka mosavuta kwa omwe akumutsata podumpha patali. Nyama yathanzi komanso yamphamvu nthawi zambiri imalowa m'mano mwa chilombo. Kawirikawiri awa amakhala odwala, ofooka kapena ochepa kwambiri. Agologolo amapikisana ndi chipmunks, mbewa, ndi hares pazinthu ndi chakudya. Koma pafupi ndi anthu, gologoloyo alibe mdani, zilombo zambiri zimaopa anthu, kupatula amphaka.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Grey squirrel
Pakadali pano, gologolo wotuwa si nyama yotetezedwa kapena yoopsa. M'malo mwake, mitundu iyi ikufalikira padziko lonse lapansi, ndikuchotsa mitundu ina ya mapuloteni. M'mayiko ena, asanduka tsoka lenileni, akuwononga mitengo ndikuwononga minda. Chiwerengero cha agologolo chimatha kuchepa ngati nkhalango zikudulidwa mitengo. Chiwerengero cha agologolo chimatha kutsika chifukwa cholephera kubzala, moto kapena tsoka lachilengedwe.
Ku UK, agologolo agulu awonongedwa mwakhama ndipo izi zimalimbikitsidwa ndi lamulo, kugwiritsa ntchito anthu olembedwa ntchito. Nthawi yomweyo, boma likuyesera kupulumutsa agologolo a ginger, omwe asowa ku Scotland, England ndi Ireland. Mosiyana ndi agologolo ofiira, agologolo akuda amawononga maluwa, kuba mazira m'nyumba za nkhuku, kutembenuka ndikuphwanya miphika yamaluwa pafupi ndi nyumbayo.
Tsopano zomerazo zimapangidwa mwakhama m'minda yosungira nyumba. Gologolo wamng'ono amawetedwa ukapolo, amazolowera eni ake. Mu ukapolo, agologolo amaberekanso bwino ndikusinthasintha moyo watsopano. Gologolo wamphongo amasakidwa kwambiri chifukwa cha ubweya wake wokongola komanso mchira wake wofewa. M'mayiko ena, nyama ya gologolo imawerengedwa kuti ndi yokoma ndipo imadyedwa.
Grey gologolo imadzetsa chisangalalo chachikulu polankhula nawo. Amakondedwa ndi ana komanso akulu, ngakhale akuwopseza kuti kufalikira kwa nthomba ndi chizolowezi chake chowononga mozungulira. Gologoloyu ndi nyama yoyera ndipo sakhala m'mizinda komanso m'malo okhala ndi chilengedwe. Ndinkafuna kuti zamoyozi zisaphatikizidwe mu Red Book ndipo nthawi zonse zimakondweretsa m'mapaki ndi nkhalango.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 21.04.2019
Tsiku losintha: 19.09.2019 pa 22:22
