Chinjoka cha Komodo

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Chinjoka cha Komodo - imodzi mwazirombo zodabwitsa kwambiri padziko lapansi. Buluzi wamphamvu kwambiri, woyenda modabwitsa amatchedwanso chinjoka cha Komodo. Kufanana kwakunja ndi cholengedwa chanthano cha buluzi woyang'anira kumaperekedwa ndi thupi lalikulu, mchira wautali ndi miyendo yamphamvu yopindika.

Khosi lolimba, mapewa akulu, mutu wawung'ono umapangitsa buluzi kuyang'ana mwamphamvu. Minofu yamphamvuyo ili ndi khungu lolimba, lansalu. Mchira waukuluwo umakhala chida ndi chithandizo posaka ndi kukonza ubale ndi adani.

Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera

Chithunzi: Chinjoka cha Komodo

Varanus komodoensis ndi kalasi yovuta kudya. Zimatanthauza dongosolo la mamba. Banja ndi mtundu - kuyang'anira abuluzi. Mtundu umodzi wokhawo ndi chinjoka cha Komodo. Choyamba chofotokozedwa mu 1912. Buluzi wamkulu waku Indonesia woyang'anira ndi nthumwi yoyimira kuchuluka kwa abuluzi anyani akuluakulu oyang'anira. Iwo amakhala ku Indonesia ndi Australia nthawi ya Pliocene. Zaka zawo ndi zaka 3.8 miliyoni.

Kuyenda kwa nthaka zaka 15 miliyoni zapitazo kunayambitsa kulowa kwa Australia ku Southeast Asia. Kusintha kwa nthaka kudalola ma varanids akuluakulu kubwerera kudera lazilumba zaku Indonesia. Chiphunzitsochi chidatsimikiziridwa ndikupeza zotsalira zofananira ndi mafupa a V. komodoensis. Chinjoka cha Komodo ndichowonadi ku Australia, ndipo buluzi wamkulu yemwe watha, Megalania, ndiye wachibale wapafupi kwambiri.

Kukula kwa buluzi wamakono wa Komodo kudayamba ku Asia ndi mtundu wa Varanus. Zaka 40 miliyoni zapitazo, abuluzi akuluakulu adasamukira ku Australia, komwe adakhala buluu wa Pleistocene - Megalania. Kukula modabwitsa kotere kwa megalania kudakwaniritsidwa m'malo osapikisana pazakudya.

Ku Eurasia, zotsalira za mitundu ikuluikulu ya Pliocene ya abuluzi, yofanana mofanana ndi makoka amakono a Komodo, Varanus sivalensis, adapezekanso. Izi zikutsimikizira kuti abuluzi akuluakulu adachita bwino ngakhale m'malo omwe pali mpikisano wambiri wazakudya kuchokera kwa nyama zodya nyama.

Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Chinyama cha Komodo

Buluzi wowonera ku Indonesia amafanana ndi ankylosaurus yemwe sanathenso kupangidwa mthupi komanso mafupa. Kutalika, thupi lanyama, lolumikizana pansi. Mapindikidwe olimba amiyendo samapatsa buluzi kuthamanga kwabwino, komanso samazichedwetsa. Abuluzi amatha kuthamanga, kuyendetsa, kudumpha, kukwera mitengo ngakhale kuyimirira ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo.

Abuluzi a Komodo amatha kuthamanga mpaka makilomita 40 pa ola limodzi. Nthawi zina amapikisana liwiro ndi mbawala ndi mphalapala. Pali makanema ambiri pa netiweki pomwe woyang'anira wosakasaka amayenda ndikutsata nyama zomwe sizinawonongeke.

Chinjoka cha Komodo chili ndi mitundu yovuta. Kutulutsa kwakukulu kwamiyeso ndi kofiirira ndi polysyllabic blotches komanso kusintha kuchokera ku imvi-buluu mpaka mitundu yofiira-yachikaso. Ndi mtundu, mutha kudziwa kuti buluzi ndi wa zaka zingati. Mwa achinyamata, utoto wowala, mwa akulu umakhala wofatsa.

Kanema: Komodo chinjoka

Mutu, waung'ono poyerekeza ndi thupi, umafanana ndi mtanda pakati pa mutu wa ng'ona ndi kamba. Pamaso pali timaso ting'onoting'ono. Lilime lachifoloko limagwera pakamwa paliponse. Makutu amabisika m'makutu a khungu.

Khosi lalitali, lamphamvu limadutsa mu torso ndipo limatha ndi mchira wolimba. Mwamuna wamkulu amatha kufika 3 mita, akazi -2.5. Kulemera kwa makilogalamu 80 mpaka 190. Mkazi ndi wopepuka - 70 mpaka 120 makilogalamu. Onetsetsani abuluzi akuyenda ndi miyendo inayi. Pakusaka ndikufotokozera zaubwenzi wokhala ndi akazi ndi gawo, amatha kuyimirira ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo. Chipatala pakati pa amuna awiri chimatha mpaka mphindi 30.

Onetsetsani abuluzi ndi zitsamba. Amakhala padera ndipo amagwirizana nthawi yokhwima. Kukhala kwamoyo m'chilengedwe kumakhala zaka 50. Kutha msinkhu mu Komodo yowunikira buluu kumachitika ali ndi zaka 7-9. Akazi samakongoletsa kapena kusamalira ana. Chibadwa chawo cha amayi ndichokwanira kuteteza mazira kwa milungu 8. Pambuyo pobereka, mayi amayamba kusaka ana obadwa kumene.

Kodi chinjoka cha Komodo chimakhala kuti?

Chithunzi: Chinjoka cha Big Komodo

Chinjoka cha Komodo chimagawidwa patali gawo limodzi lokha padziko lapansi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta makamaka pakagwa masoka achilengedwe. Dera laling'ono ndilaling'ono ndipo limafanana ndi ma kilomita mazana angapo.

Ziwombankhanga zazikulu za Komodo zimakhala makamaka m'nkhalango yamvula. Amakonda malo otseguka, okhala ndi maudzu ataliatali ndi zitsamba, koma amapezekanso m'malo ena monga magombe, nsonga zazitali, ndi mitsinje youma. Zinyama zazing'ono za Komodo zimakhala m'nkhalango mpaka atakwanitsa miyezi eyiti.

Mitunduyi imapezeka ku Southeast Asia kokha pazilumba zobalalika za Zisumbu za Lesser Sunda. Abuluzi omwe amakhala ndi anthu ambiri ndi Komodo, Flores, Gili Motang, Rincha ndi Padar ndi zilumba zazing'ono zochepa zomwe zili pafupi. Azungu adawona pangolin woyamba pachilumba cha Komodo. Omwe adatulukira chinjoka cha Komodo adadabwa ndikukula kwake ndipo amakhulupirira kuti cholengedwa chitha kuwuluka. Kumva nkhani za zimbalangondo zamoyo, alenje ndi ochita masewerawa adathamangira pachilumbachi.

Gulu la anthu okhala ndi zida linafika pachilumbachi ndipo linatha kutenga buluzi mmodzi. Inapezeka kuti inali buluzi wamkulu wopitilira 2 mita kutalika. Anthu omwe adagwidwawo adafika pa 3 mita kapena kupitilira apo. Zotsatira zafukufuku zidasindikizidwa zaka ziwiri pambuyo pake. Adatsutsa malingaliro akuti nyamayo imatha kuwuluka kapena kupuma moto. Buluziyu amatchedwa Varanus komodoensis. Komabe, dzina lina linatsalira pambuyo pake - chinjoka cha Komodo.

Chinjoka cha Komodo chakhala nthano yamoyo. Kwa zaka makumi angapo kuchokera pomwe Komodo adapezeka, maulendo osiyanasiyana asayansi ochokera kumayiko angapo achita maphunziro a nkhandwe pachilumba cha Komodo. Abuluzi owonera sanakhale opanda owasaka, omwe pang'onopang'ono amachepetsa kuchuluka kwa anthu.

Kodi chinjoka cha Komodo chimadya chiyani?

Chithunzi: Zokwawa za chinjoka cha Komodo

Zinyama za Komodo ndizodya nyama. Amakhulupirira kuti amadya kwambiri nyama zakufa. M'malo mwake, amasaka pafupipafupi komanso mwachangu. Amayika malo obisalira nyama zazikulu. Kudikira wovutikayo kumatenga nthawi yayitali. Komodos amayang'anira nyama zawo pamtunda wautali. Pali zochitika pamene akokawo a Komodo adagwetsa nkhumba zazikulu ndi nswala ndi michira yawo. Mphamvu yakumva fungo imakupatsani mwayi wopeza chakudya pamtunda wa makilomita angapo.

Onetsetsani abuluzi amadya nyama yawo, ndikung'amba nyama yayikulu ndikuwameza athunthu, atanyamula nyama ndi zikoko zawo zakutsogolo. Nsagwada zotambasulidwa momasuka ndi matumbo otakataka zimawalola kumeza nyama yonse. Pambuyo pogaya, chinjoka cha Komodo chimatulutsa zotsalira za mafupa, nyanga, tsitsi ndi mano a omwe adachitidwa m'mimba. Akatsuka m'mimba, abuluzi owonetsetsa amatsuka mphuno pa udzu, tchire kapena dothi.

Zakudya za chinjoka cha Komodo ndizosiyanasiyana ndipo zimaphatikizapo nyama zopanda mafupa, zokwawa zina, kuphatikiza amitundu ang'onoang'ono. Onetsetsani abuluzi amadya mbalame, mazira awo, nyama zazing'ono. Ena mwa anthuwa ndi anyani, nguluwe, mbuzi. Nyama zazikulu monga nswala, akavalo ndi njati nazonso zimadyedwa. Achinyamata owonera abuluzi amadya tizilombo, mazira a mbalame ndi zokwawa zina. Zakudya zawo zimaphatikizapo ma nalimata ndi nyama zazing'ono.

Nthawi zina kuyang'anira abuluzi kuukira ndi kuluma anthu. Pali zochitika pamene amadya mitembo ya anthu, kukumba matupi ochokera kumanda osaya. Chizolowezi chobowoleza manda chidapangitsa kuti anthu aku Komodo asunthire manda kuchokera kumchenga kupita ku dothi ndikuwayika miyala kuti abuluzi asayende.

Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe

Chithunzi: Chinjoka cha Animal Komodo

Ngakhale imakula kwambiri komanso imalemera kwambiri, Komodo yowunika buluzi ndi nyama yobisa. Amapewa kukumana ndi anthu. Ali mu ukapolo, samaphatikizidwa ndi anthu ndikuwonetsa kudziyimira pawokha.

Komodo yowunika buluzi ndi nyama yokhayokha. Siphatikizane m'magulu. Mwachangu londerani madera ake. Siphunzitsa kapena kuteteza ana ake. Pa mwayi woyamba, wokonzeka kudya mwana. Amakonda malo otentha komanso owuma. Nthawi zambiri amakhala kumapiri, matchire ndi nkhalango zotentha m'malo otsika.

Ogwira ntchito masana, ngakhale akuwonetsa zochitika zina usiku. Makoka a Komodo ali osungulumwa, amangosonkhana pamodzi kuti akwerere ndikudya. Amatha kuthamanga mwachangu komanso mwaluso kukwera mitengo ali achinyamata. Kuti agwire nyama yosatheka, Komodo amayang'anira buluzi amatha kuyimirira ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo ndikugwiritsa ntchito mchira wake ngati chothandizira. Amagwiritsa ntchito zikhadabo ngati chida.

Pobisalira, amakumba maenje mita 1 mpaka 3 mulifupi pogwiritsa ntchito miyendo yakutsogolo yamphamvu ndi zikhadabo. Chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu komanso chizolowezi chogona m'mabowo, imatha kutentha thupi usiku ndikuchepetsa kuchepa kwake. Amadziwa momwe angadzibisire bwino. Wodwala. Amatha kuthera maola ochuluka akubisalira nyama yomwe ikufuna.

Chinjoka cha Komodo chimasaka masana, koma chimakhalabe mumthunzi nthawi yotentha kwambiri masana. Malo opumulirako, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala pamapiri ndi kamphepo kayaziyazi panyanja, amadziwika ndi ndowe ndi kuchotsa zomera. Amakhalanso ngati malo obisalira agwape.

Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka

Chithunzi: Chinjoka cha Komodo

Komodo yowunika abuluzi samapanga awiriawiri, samakhala m'magulu, ndipo samapanga magulu. Amakonda kukhala kwayokha kwambiri. Amateteza madera awo mosamala kwa obadwa nawo. Ena mwa mitundu yawo amadziwika kuti ndi adani.

Kukhalirana mu mtundu uwu wa abuluzi kumachitika nthawi yotentha. Kuyambira Meyi mpaka Ogasiti, amuna amamenyera akazi ndi madera. Nkhondo zoopsa nthawi zina zimathera pakufa kwa m'modzi wotsutsa. Wotsutsa amene amamukhomera pansi amaonedwa ngati wogonjetsedwa. Nkhondoyo imachitika ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo.

Pankhondo, kuwunika abuluzi kumatha kutulutsa m'mimba ndikutulutsa chimbudzi pofewetsa thupi ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito. Buluzi amagwiritsanso ntchito njirayi pothawa ngozi. Wopambana amayamba kufunsira wamkazi. Mu Seputembala, zazikazi ndizokonzeka kuikira mazira. Komabe, kuti akhale ndi ana, akazi safunika kukhala ndi amuna.

Komodo yowunika abuluzi ali ndi parthenogenesis. Zazimayi zitha kuikira mazira osakwaniritsidwa popanda amuna. Amakula ana aamuna okhaokha. Asayansi akuti ndi momwe madera atsopano amawonekera pazilumbazi kale popanda owunikira. Pambuyo pa ma tsunami ndi namondwe, akazi, omwe amaponyedwa ndi mafunde kuzilumba zam'chipululu, amayamba kuikira mazira amuna akalibe.

Mkazi Komodo amayang'anira abuluzi amasankha zitsamba, mchenga ndi mapanga oyala. Amabisala zisa zawo kwa adani omwe ali okonzeka kudya mazira a buluzi, ndipo oyang'anira okhawo. Nthawi yosakaniza ndi miyezi 7-8. Zokwawa zazing'ono zimathera nthawi yawo yambiri zili m'mitengo, momwe zimatetezedwa ku adani, kuphatikizapo achikulire oyang'anira abuluzi.

Adani achilengedwe a Komodo amayang'anira abuluzi

Chithunzi: Chinjoka cha Big Komodo

M'chilengedwe chake, buluzi woyang'anira alibe adani komanso opikisana naye. Kutalika ndi kulemera kwake kwa buluzi kumapangitsa kuti isatengeke. Mdani yekhayo komanso wosayerekezereka wa buluzi woyang'anira atha kungokhala buluzi wina wowunika.

Onetsetsani abuluzi ndi kudya anzawo. Monga momwe kuwonera moyo wa reptile kwawonetsa, 10% yazakudya za Komodo yowunika buluzi ndizoyambira zake. Pofuna kusangalala ndi mtundu wake, buluzi wamkulu safuna chifukwa chophera. Kulimbana pakati pa abuluzi owonera sizachilendo. Amatha kuyamba chifukwa cha madera, chifukwa chachikazi, komanso chifukwa choti buluzi sanapeze chakudya china. Zofotokozera zonse zamtunduyu zimathera mu sewero lamagazi.

Monga lamulo, achikulire komanso odziwa kuyang'anira abuluzi amaukira ang'onoang'ono komanso ofooka. Zomwezo zimachitikanso ndi abuluzi obadwa kumene. Abuluzi owonera pang'ono amatha kukhala chakudya cha amayi awo. Komabe, chilengedwe chimasamalira chitetezo cha buluzi woyang'anira mwana. Zaka zoyambirira za moyo, achinyamata amayang'anira abuluzi omwe amakhala m'mitengo, kubisala kwa anzawo olimba ndi owoneka bwino.

Kuphatikiza pa buluzi wowunika yekha, akuwopsezedwa ndi adani ena awiri owopsa: masoka achilengedwe ndi anthu. Zivomezi, tsunami, kuphulika kwa mapiri kumakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa abuluzi a Komodo. Tsoka lachilengedwe limawononga anthu onse pachilumba chaching'ono m'maola ochepa.

Pafupifupi zaka zana limodzi, munthu mopanda chifundo adachotsa chinjokacho. Anthu ochokera padziko lonse lapansi adakhamukira kukasaka nyamayi. Zotsatira zake, kuchuluka kwa nyama zafikitsidwa pamlingo wovuta kwambiri.

Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi

Chithunzi: Chinjoka cha Komodo mwachilengedwe

Zambiri pakukula kwa kuchuluka kwa anthu ndi kufalitsa kwa Varanus komodoensis mpaka posachedwa zangokhala zochepa malipoti oyambilira kapena kafukufuku yemwe adachitika pokhapokha pagawo la mitunduyo. Chinjoka cha Komodo ndi mtundu wosatetezeka. Wolemba mu Red Book. Mitunduyi imakhala pachiwopsezo chaziphuphu komanso zokopa alendo. Chidwi cha malonda azikopa za nyama chaika zamoyozi pachiwopsezo chotha.

World Animal Fund ikuyerekeza kuti pali 6,000 abuluzi zikuluzikulu za Komodo kuthengo. Chiwerengero cha anthu chikuyang'aniridwa ndi kuyang'aniridwa. Paki yapangidwa kuti isunge zamoyozi kuzilumba za Lesser Sunda. Ogwira ntchito paki amatha kudziwa molondola kuchuluka kwa abuluzi omwe alipo pachilumba chilichonse 26.

Madera akulu kwambiri amakhala:

  • Komodo -1700;
  • Rinche -1300;
  • Gili Motange-1000;
  • Mitengo - 2000.

Koma si anthu okha omwe amakhudza mtundu wa mitundu. Malo okhalamo enieniwo ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Ntchito zaphulika, zivomezi, moto umapangitsa malo abuluzi kukhala osakhalamo. Mu 2013, chiwonkhetso cha anthu kuthengo akuti akuyerekezedwa ndi anthu 3,222, mu 2014 - 3,092, 2015 - 3,014.

Njira zingapo zokulitsa kuchuluka kwa anthu zidakulitsa kuchuluka kwa mitunduyo pafupifupi kawiri, koma malinga ndi akatswiri, chiwerengerochi ndichocheperabe.

Kuteteza abuluzi a Komodo

Chithunzi: Chinjoka chofiira cha Komodo

Anthu achitapo zinthu zingapo poteteza ndi kupititsa patsogolo mitunduyi. Kusaka chinjoka cha Komodo ndikoletsedwa ndi lamulo. Zilumba zina ndizotseka kuti anthu onse aziziona. Madera otetezedwa kwa alendo adakonzedwa, pomwe abuluzi a Komodo amatha kukhala ndi kuberekana m'malo awo achilengedwe.

Pozindikira kufunikira kwa mimbulu ndi dziko la anthu ngati nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha, boma la Indonesia lidakhazikitsa lamulo loteteza abuluzi pachilumba cha Komodo mu 1915. Akuluakulu aku Indonesia asankha kutseka chilumbachi kuti akawachezere.

Chilumbachi ndi gawo lamapaki. Njira zodzipatula zithandizira kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi. Komabe, chisankho chomaliza chokhudza kutha kwa mwayi wokaona alendo ku Komodo chiyenera kupangidwa ndi kazembe wa chigawo cha East Nusa Tengara.

Akuluakulu sanena kuti Komodo idzatsekedwa mpaka liti kwa alendo komanso alendo. Pamapeto pa nthawi yodzipatula, malingaliro adzafotokozedwa pakukwanira kwa muyeso komanso kufunika kopitiliza kuyesa. Pakadali pano, abuluzi owunika mwapadera amakula ali mu ukapolo.

Akatswiri a zooology aphunzira kupulumutsa zida za chinjoka cha Komodo. Mazira omwe anaikidwa kuthengo amatengedwa ndikuikidwa m'matumba. Kukula ndi kulera kumachitika m'minda yaying'ono, momwe zinthu zimayandikira. Anthu omwe alimba mtima ndipo amatha kudziteteza amabwezedwa kumalo awo achilengedwe. Pakadali pano, abuluzi akulu atuluka kunja kwa Indonesia. Amapezeka m'malo osungira nyama 30 padziko lonse lapansi.

Kuopseza kutaya imodzi mwazinyama zapadera kwambiri komanso zosowa ndizochulukirapo kotero kuti boma la Indonesia lakonzeka kupita kuzinthu zowopsa kwambiri. Kutseka magawo azilumbazi kumatha kuchepetsa vuto la chinjoka cha Komodo, koma kudzipatula sikokwanira. Kuti apulumutse adani a Indonesia kwa anthu, m'pofunika kuteteza malo ake, kusiya kusaka nyama ndi kupeza chithandizo cha nzika zakomweko.

Tsiku lofalitsa: 20.04.2019

Tsiku losintha: 19.09.2019 nthawi ya 22:08

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