Amphibians amathamangitsa ambiri. Ndi ochepa omwe amasangalala ndi njoka, achule ndi achule. Komabe, pakati pawo pali nyama zosangalatsa kwambiri, zachilendo zokhala ndi mtundu wowala, wosaiwalika. Nyama zotere nthawi zambiri zimakopa chidwi, koma ndizo zomwe zimakhala zoopsa kwa ena. Chule wamtengo akuwonekera pakati pawo.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: chule la mtengo
Chule wamtengo amachokera ku liwu lachilatini "Hylidae", lomwe limatanthawuza chikhalidwe chachi Greek cha Hilas (nkhalango). Nthawi zambiri timatcha amphibiyani mitengo yamitengo kapena achule amtengo. Dzina lachi Russia la chule la mtengo lidawonekera kokha chifukwa cha mawonekedwe amtundu wa nyama izi. Achule amitengo, mosatengera kuti ndi amuna kapena akazi, amalira mokweza kwambiri.
Nyama iyi ndi ya dongosolo la amphibiya opanda mchira, banja la achule amtengo. Imayimiriridwa kwambiri m'chilengedwe. Masiku ano pali mitundu yoposa mazana asanu ndi atatu ya chule wamitengo. Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi mawonekedwe akunja, zizolowezi ndi mawonekedwe. Oyimira onse a banjali amadziwika ndi chidziwitso chachilendo chakunja, kuthekera kosintha mtundu kutengera kutentha ndi nyengo.
Kanema: Chule Wamtengo
Mosiyana ndi mitundu ina ya achule, achule amtengo ndi ochepa komanso osazolowereka. Ma amphibiya amakhala pafupifupi moyo wawo wonse m'tchire, mitengo yomwe imamera m'mbali mwa madamu. Amasiyananso ndi kukula kwawo pang'ono. Mitundu yambiri ya achule yamitengo imakhala yosakwana masentimita asanu ndi awiri kutalika kwake. Komabe, pali zosiyana. Mwachilengedwe, panali anthu omwe kutalika kwawo kudafika masentimita makumi anayi.
Mitunduyi imadziwikanso ndi kupezeka kwa zida zapadera paws, mtundu wowala kwambiri. Makapu oyamwa amathandizira amphibian kukwera pamalo owongoka. Mtundu wa thupi ndiwachilendo komanso wowoneka bwino. Komabe, ndi mtundu wowala kwambiri womwe umachenjeza adani kuti cholengedwa ichi chitha kukhala chakupha ndipo ndibwino kuti asiye nthawi yomweyo lingaliro lakudya achule amitengo.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Chule wamtengo wobiriwira
Malinga ndi mawonekedwe ake akunja, chule la mtengo limatha kudziwika motere:
- suction zimbale paws. Khalidwe ili limagwirizanitsa mitundu yonse ya achule amitengo. Makapu okoka amakoka zingwe zomwe zimalola kuti nyama ikwere mitengo, tchire, masamba. Pankhaniyi, anthu ena ali ndi kutukuka kwenikweni kotheka "kumamatira" kumtunda. Koma ngakhale pano chilengedwe chawoneratu zonse - achule ngati awa ali ndi mawonekedwe apadera azala paziwalo. Ndi ndi thandizo lawo kuti amphibian amatha kumamatira ku nthambi, zomera;
- mitundu yowala. Mtundu wa mtengo umadalira mitundu. Pali anthu omwe ali ndi mitundu kuyambira wobiriwira mpaka ofiira owala ndimitengo yosiyanasiyana, mikwingwirima. Ambiri aiwo amakhala ndi mtundu wobisa: wobiriwira-wobiriwira. Imathandiza chule wamng'onoyu kusochera mosavuta pamulu wa masamba mumitengo;
- thupi lalifupi. Nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupifupi masentimita asanu ndi awiri, kokha mwa anthu akuluakulu amapezeka;
- maso akulu, otuluka, makamaka ndi ana opingasa. Kapangidwe kamaso kameneka kamalola amphibiya kukhala ndi masomphenya osiyanasiyana, kusaka mosavutikira, kulumpha mosamala kuchokera kunthambi ina kupita ku ina;
- kupezeka kwa pakhosi thumba mwa amuna. Ndikosavuta kusiyanitsa pakati pa wamkazi ndi wamwamuna mumitengo yamitengo. Chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri ndi kupezeka kwa pakhosi pakhosi. Amuna okha ndi omwe amakhala nawo. Mukakhala ndi mpweya, chikwama chotere chimatha kumveka. Komanso, amuna nthawi zonse amakhala ocheperako kuposa akazi.
Chule wamtengo ndi wapadera! Thupi lake limatha kupirira kuzizira pafupifupi kwathunthu. Izi ndizotheka chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa glycine mthupi. Imateteza maselo amthupi kuti asawonongeke, kutaya mawonekedwe awo, mphamvu.
Kodi chule wamtengo amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: chule mtengo wamtengo chule
Malo achilengedwe a mitengo yazomera sizochepa kwenikweni. Amakonda kukhala m'malo ozizira. Amakhala ku Asia, Europe. Malo awo amakhala kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Africa, Japan, Netherlands, Romania, Belarus, Lithuania, Ukraine, Poland, Russia, North ndi South America. Ku Russia, achule otere amapezeka kokha pakatikati. Banja lawo m'dera la Russia likuyimiridwa ndi mitundu iwiri yokha - wamba komanso Far East.
Mitengo yambiri yamitengo imapezeka ku Tunisia, China, Korea, Turkey ndi Australia. Zilumba za Caribbean zimakhalanso ndi amphibiya ambiri. Kumene mtundu uwu sunayimiridwe, udakhazikika mwachinyengo. Mwachitsanzo, achule amtengo adapezeka motere ku New Zealand, Guam, New Caledonia, Vanuatu. Oimira ena, makamaka arboretum yofiira, anapezeka pang'ono m'nkhalango za Costa Rica, Panama.
Lero chule la mtengo limatha kukhala m'nyumba iliyonse. Nyama izi zimagulitsidwa m'masitolo akuluakulu ambiri. Komabe, kusunga ma amphibians kunyumba kumafunikira ndalama zambiri, chidziwitso chapadera ndi maluso. Ndikofunika kukhala ndi kutentha kwabwino - pafupifupi madigiri 23, kuti pakhale chinyezi chofunikira (osachepera 70%), kupangira terrarium ndi nkhono, nthambi, mbewu. Ngati izi sizikuyang'aniridwa, nyamayo imatha kufa.
Kwa moyo wonse, mitengo ya arboreal imasankha madera okhala ndi nyengo yotentha, nkhalango zosakanikirana komanso zotentha. Mitundu yochepa yokha ndi yomwe imakonda kukhazikika m'madzi ndi m'mayiwe. Pachifukwa ichi, amakonda madamu, nyanja, mayiwe okhala ndi masamba owirira, momwe amakhala tizilombo tambiri.
Kodi chule amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Chule wamtengo wakupha
Mwamtheradi amphibiya onse ndi nyama zodya nyama. Achule amitengo siwonso. Zakudyazo zimadalira mtundu wa munthu, kukula kwake. Nthawi zambiri amadya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono. Zakudyazo zimaphatikizapo ntchentche, zikumbu zapansi, mphemvu, crickets, udzudzu. Komanso nyongolotsi zimadyetsa nyama zina zopanda mafupa: nsabwe zazing'ono zamatabwa, slugs, ntchentche. Nthawi zina achule amangodya mbewa, abuluzi ang'onoang'ono.
Monga nthumwi zambiri za dongosolo la amphibians opanda mchira, milandu yokhudza kudya anzawo imachitika pakati pa mitundu ina ya arboreal. Izi zimachitika makamaka kwa akulu akulu omwe amatha kudyedwa ndi nyama zazing'ono. Masiku ano, achule amitengo nthawi zambiri amakhala ziweto. Komabe, zakudya zawo sizisintha kwenikweni kuchokera apa. Mwini chiweto ayenera kupereka tizilombo tokwanira tokwanira. Ma tweezers apadera amapezeka kuti azidyetsa mosavuta.
Mitengo yamitengo imadya tizilombo ndi zakudya zina m'nyengo yotentha. Kusaka, amasankha malo obisika, obisala pakati pa masamba. Chule wamtengowu amatha kudikirira nyama kwa maola angapo osakhazikika. Amphibi amenewa nthawi zambiri amasaka madzulo, usiku. Amagwira tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ndi lilime lalitali kwambiri, ndipo amadzithandiza kudya ndi kumeza nyama zazikulu ndi miyendo yakutsogolo.
M'nyengo yozizira, achule samasaka. Amayamba kaye kupeza malo ogona komanso kubisala. Panthawi yozizira, kagayidwe kake ka thupi kamachepetsa kwambiri. Achule amitengo amapulumuka pokhapokha m'malo awo amkati. Komanso, nyama imatha kupirira kutentha kulikonse. Ma Arboretum amabwerera kumalo awo okhala pafupifupi pakati pa Marichi.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Chule wamaso ofiira
Arboretum amakhala moyo wake wonse m'nkhalango zosakanikirana, zotentha, zodumphadumpha, zigwa za mitsinje, zitsamba m'mphepete mwa malo osungira ndi mitsinje. Zochepa kwambiri, zimapezeka m'mapaki, minda komanso m'minda yamphesa. M'mapiri, nyama yotere imakhala pamalo okwera kwambiri mamita 1500 pamwamba pa nyanja. Chule wamitengo amatha kutchedwa cholengedwa chapadziko lapansi, chifukwa amakhala nthawi yayitali pama nthambi a tchire, m'mitengo ndi m'nkhalango zowirira.
Mitundu ina yamabanja imakhala yosintha nthawi zina, pomwe ina imakhala yotentha nthawi zambiri. Amphibians samawopa kutentha, kuzizira, komwe kumakhudzana ndi kuzizira kwawo. Achule amitengo amapita kumalo osungira nyengo yozizira kokha kutentha kochepa kwambiri. Amabisala pansi pa mizu ya mitengo, mu matope, m'maenje kapena maenje omwe asiya. Pamenepo, nyama zimagwera makanema oimitsidwa, ndipo zimadzuka masika okha.
Anthu akhala akuganiza kuti ndi "wokonzeratu" mvula mokhulupirika. Thupi la amphibian limasintha nyengo. Mtundu wake umakhala wakuda. Nthawi yomweyo, achule amtengo amayamba kufuula kwambiri.
Mbali ya arborealis ndi kupezeka kwa ntchentche zakupha pakhungu. Amawateteza ku mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana, mavairasi, adani achilengedwe. Mafinya amenewa amapangidwa mwamphamvu panthawi yoopsa. M'mayiko ena, ntchofu za chule zamtengo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala. Zimathandiza kuchiza matenda a shuga, zimakhala ngati njira yothetsera magazi, zimalimbitsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Komanso, pamaziko a ntchofu za mbozi, mankhwala okwera mtengo amapangidwa kuti aziwonjezera libido.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: chule la mtengo
Nthawi yobereketsa ya mitengo ya arboreal imayamba kumapeto kwa Marichi. Imakhala mpaka pakati pa Juni. Komabe, nyengo ndi kutalika kwake zimadalira malo achulewo. M'mapiri, nyengo yakumasirana imayamba pafupifupi mwezi umodzi pambuyo pake. Pakati pa nthawi yokwanira, oimira banja amachita mosiyana, kutengera mtundu. Komabe, chinthu chimodzi sichinasinthe kwa aliyense - amuna amakopa akazi mothandizidwa ndi thumba la mmero, lomwe limamveka mwapadera. Phokoso la thumba ndi losiyana pamtundu uliwonse wamachule amtengo, chifukwa chake achule "oyenera" amalabadira.
Ngati achule amtengo amakhala nthawi yayitali m'mitengo, ndiye kuti akakwatirana amatsikira pansi ndikupita kumadzi. Ndi m'madzi momwe amaikira mazira, pomwe amuna amawathira. Mitundu yochepa chabe yamitengo ya arboreal imagwera pansi. Zikatere, mazirawo amabisala m'masamba kapena amanyamulidwa okha mpaka ana aang'ono. Nthawi ina, achule achikazi amatha kuyikira mazira opitilira zikwi ziwiri.
Tadpoles woyamba amatuluka m'mazira m'masiku khumi. Nthawi yakucha imatha kukhala yayifupi. Mu mitundu ina ya chule yamtengo, ndi masiku ochepa chabe. Pakadutsa masiku makumi asanu mpaka zana, tadpoles pang'onopang'ono amakhala ofanana ndi mitengo yayikulu ya arboreal. Kukula kwathunthu kumachitika mwa iwo kokha mchaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu cha moyo. Nthawi yonse ya achule amtengo imasiyananso. Mitundu ina imakhala zaka zitatu zokha, ina zaka 9. Mu ukapolo, nyama zoterezi zimakhala ndi moyo wautali - mpaka zaka makumi awiri.
Adani achilengedwe achule amitengo
Chithunzi: Chule wamitengo yazinyama
Chule wamtengo, ngakhale ali ndi ntchentche zapoizoni, ali ndi adani ambiri achilengedwe. Amuzungulira mbali zonse. Mbalame, nyama zakutchire, ndi zikuluzikulu zam'madzi zimasaka nyama. Pakati pa mbalame, adani owopsa achule amtengo amaimira ma corvids, bakha, pheasant. Nthawi zina amaukiridwa ndi adokowe, ibises, heron. Amatha kugwira nyama nthawi yomweyo.
Pansi, mitengo, nawonso ali pachiwopsezo. Iwo saopa kudya nkhandwe, otter, raccoons, nguluwe zakutchire, ndi zilombo zazing'ono. Adani oyipitsitsa ndi njoka. Mtengo sungawabisalire ngakhale mumtengo. Njoka mwanzeru kukwera iwo. Achule okulirapo ndi akamba am'madzi amaika pangozi achule amitengo. Mwanjira ina, adani achilengedwe amtengo ndi anthu. Nyama zambiri zimafera m'manja mwa anthu akagwidwa kapena poyesa kuweta nyama.
Ngati akuluakulu ali ndi mwayi wopulumutsa miyoyo yawo, kuthawa ndi kubisala adani, ndiye kuti ma tadpoles amakhala opanda chitetezo. Amafa ambiri kuchokera ku kachilomboka kakang'ono ka madzi, njoka, nsomba zolusa ndi agulugufe. Mwambiri, pafupifupi onse okhala m'madamu sangadye kuwadya. Ana achule amapulumutsidwa kuti asatheretu ndi chiwerengero chawo. Mkazi amaikira mazira pafupifupi zikwi ziwiri nthawi imodzi.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Chule wamitengo yobiriwira
Chule wamtengo ndi amphibiya wofalikira padziko lonse lapansi. Imaperekedwa m'mitundu yoposa 800. Mwambiri, banja ili silikuwopsezedwa kuti litha. Anthu achule amitengo amakhala okwera kwambiri chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwawo komanso chonde. Mitunduyi idapatsidwa mwayi wokhala ndi nkhawa. Zowopsa zakutha ndizochepa kwambiri. Ngakhale zili choncho, kuchuluka kwa nyama imeneyi kumadera ena kukucheperachepera.
Izi zimakhudzidwa ndi izi:
- kuzunzidwa kawirikawiri kuchokera kwa adani achilengedwe. Zolusa, mbalame, amphibiya akuluakulu amapha ndi kudya achule amitengo ambiri;
- wogwidwa ndi munthu. Poizoni wa m'mimba siowopsa kwa anthu. Achule achilendo oterewa nthawi zambiri amawagwira kuti azikhala kunyumba. Achule amitengo amatha kukhala ndende pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri. Komabe, izi zimafuna kuti pakhale zofunikira zonse. Ndi njira yolakwika, nyama zimafa msanga;
- kuipitsa matupi amadzi. Ngakhale kuti achule amtengo amakhala makamaka pamtunda, kuipitsa matupi amadzi kumakhudza anthu awo. Ndi m'mitsinje, mosungiramo, m'mayiwe omwe mamembala ambiri am'banja amadzabadwira;
- kudula mitengo mwachisawawa. Kudula kosalamulirika kumapangitsa achule amitengo malo awo.
Chule wamtengo ndi wokongola kwambiri, wodabwitsa kwambiri wa amphibian. Maonekedwe awo osangalatsa ndiwosangalatsa koma onyenga. Kumbuyo kwa mitundu yowala, yaying'ono, pali ngozi - thupi la chule limatulutsa ntchentche zapoizoni. Komabe, ntchofu zotere sizikuwopseza moyo wamunthu, komabe, mutakumana ndi chuleyu, ndibwino kusamba m'manja ndi sopo.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 19.04.2019
Tsiku losintha: 19.09.2019 nthawi 21:59
