Nkhandwe yaku Tibet - nthumwi zapadera kwambiri za zomera ndi zinyama. Mwa mitundu yonse yomwe ilipo ya nkhandwe, ndi yaying'ono kwambiri. Mtundu wachilendo ndi mchira waukulu, wosalala, komanso mawonekedwe amphuno ndi maso, zimapangitsa kuti zizindikirike ndikusiyanitsa kwambiri ndi oimira ena amtunduwu. Nkhandwe ndi nyama yodya nyama ya m'banja la canine. Anthu ambiri amadziwa kuti mawonekedwe amphuno amawapangitsa kukhala ofanana kwambiri ndi mimbulu.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Nkhandwe ku Tibet
Nkhandwe ya ku Tibet ndi ya zolengedwa zoyamwitsa, ndi nthumwi ya banja la canine, lomwe limaperekedwa ku nkhandwe, mtundu wa nkhandwe waku Tibetan.
Makolo oyamba a nthumwi za banja la canine adawoneka munthawi ya Eocene - zaka zopitilira 50 miliyoni zapitazo kudera la North America kwamakono. M'dera lino, ofufuza apeza mitundu yambiri ya zotsalira za oimira akale a banja la canine. Iwo anali a myacids. Poyerekeza zomwe apeza, makolo akale a nkhandwe anali ndi thupi lokwera komanso miyendo yayifupi. M'dera la Europe ndi Asia amakono, adatchulidwa nthawi ya Pleistocene.
Patapita nthawi, makolo akale a canids anafalikira kudera lonse ndikugawika mitundu iwiri:
- Zovuta;
- Wofanana ndi mphaka.
Kholo lenileni la nkhandwe yaku Tibetan ndi progespersion. Ochita kafukufuku anapeza malo ake kumadzulo kwa Texas amakono. Pakusintha, chilombo chamtunduwu chidasintha malo ake, kutengera dera lomwe amakhala, adasintha.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nkhandwe ya Animal Tibetan
Poyerekeza ndi oimira ena amtundu uwu, nkhandwe za ku Tibetan zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe olimba kwambiri. Komabe, kukula ndi kulemera kwa thupi kumakhala kocheperako poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina. Kukula kwake, nkhandwe yaku Tibet ndi yayikulupo pang'ono kuposa mphaka wamkulu. Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu ndi masentimita 60-70, kulemera kwake ndi makilogalamu 5 mpaka 6.
Chikhalidwe cha mawonekedwe ake ndi mchira wautali komanso wofewa kwambiri. Kutalika kwake kumakhala kofanana ndi kutalika kwa thupi ndipo kuli masentimita 30-45. Kutalika, ubweya wandiweyani umapereka voliyumu, chifukwa chomwe nyamayo imawoneka yayikulu kwambiri kuposa momwe ilili. Chifukwa chazikhalidwe zanyengo mdera lomwe nyama imakhalako, ubweya wake umakhala wolimba komanso wolimba kuposa mitundu ina ya nkhandwe. Pali malaya amkati pafupi ndi khungu, omwe amatuluka nthawi yachisanu.
Kanema: Nkhandwe za ku Tibet
Izi zimapangitsa nkhandwe kukhala omasuka mu mphepo yamphamvu, yozizira, komanso nyengo yozizira kwambiri, momwe kutentha kwamlengalenga kumafika -35 -45 madigiri. M'nyengo yotentha, malowa ndi otentha kwambiri. Kutentha kwamlengalenga kumafikira + 30 - +40 madigiri.
Mutu wa chilombocho uli ndi mawonekedwe osiyana ndi mitundu ina ya nkhandwe. Pakamwa pake pamakhala patali, kukula ndi kuwongolera kwa chovalacho kumapereka chithunzi cha mawonekedwe ake apakati. Pamutu palibe motalika kwambiri, koma amatchula makutu amakona atatu.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti. Mbali yapadera ya mtundu uwu ndi maso. Maonekedwe ake ndi ochepa, amakhala pamwamba. Poterepa, kumverera kwa ukulu, nzeru ndi kukhazikika kwakukulu kumapangidwa.
Mbali ina imawerengedwa kuti ndi nsagwada zamphamvu kwambiri zokhala ndi mayini ataliatali. Palibe mtundu uliwonse wa zamoyo zomwe zilipo masiku ano womwe ungadzitamande chifukwa cha mayini atali. Nkhandwe imakhalanso ndi mtundu wosangalatsa kwambiri - kumbuyo kwake ndi kofiira, ndikotuwa kofiirira. Pansi pa malaya amasintha mtundu ndikukhala imvi. Izi zimapereka chithunzi cha mikwingwirima mthupi. Chibwano, khosi, mimba ndi nsonga ya mchira nthawi zonse zimakhala zoyera.
Kodi nkhandwe za ku Tibet zimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Nkhandwe ku Tibet m'nyengo yozizira
Nyama zambiri zomwe zilipo masiku ano zimapezeka m'dera lamapiri a Tibetan. Anthu opitilira 30,000 amakhala kuno. Nyamayi imapezekanso kumadera ena.
Malo okhala nyama:
- Nepal;
- Madera ena ku India;
- China;
- Butane;
- Pakistan.
Zigawo za steppe zimasankhidwa ngati malo okhala okhazikika. Amamera mizu m'malo achipululu okhala ndi miyala komanso mapiri. Anthu ena amakhala pamapiri ataliatali, omwe kutalika kwake kumakhala pakati pa 2,000 mpaka 5,000 mita.
Ankhandwe aku Tibet amakonda kwambiri chakudya. Madera okhalamo amapezeka makamaka komwe ma pikas amakhala, omwe amapanga zakudya zambiri zodya zinyama. Chakudya chikatha, amatha kusamukira kumadera ena komwe kuli mwayi wodyetsa.
Ankhandwe aku Tibet adasinthiratu nyengo yakomweko ndipo amapirira nyengo yozizira yayitali ndi chisanu chosalekeza, komanso chilimwe ndi dzuwa lotentha komanso kutentha kosapiririka. Pakadali pano, nkhondo yeniyeni ndi ma pikas ikuchitika ku Tibet. Oimira ma lagomorphs awomberedwa ndikuwonongedwa, zomwe zimakhudza nkhandwe za ku Tibetan.
Kodi nkhandwe za ku Tibet zimadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Fox Tibetan Fox
Nkhandwe ya ku Tibetan ndi nyama yodya nyama, motero gwero lalikulu la chakudya ndi nyama. Chakudya cha nyama iyi makamaka ndi pika. Imeneyi ndi nyama yaying'ono kwambiri kuchokera kubanja la makoswe, lomwe limafanana kwambiri ndi hares. Zimasiyana ndi hares pakalibe makutu atali ndi ziwalo zazifupi. Piki ndiwodziwika bwino mderali ndipo ndimomwe amapezera chakudya nkhandwe za ku Tibet kokha, komanso mitundu ina ya nyama zolusa.
Malo osungira ana a canids amatha kuwonjezeredwa ndi:
- Chipmunks;
- Mbewa Vole;
- Abuluzi;
- Mapuloteni;
- Zinyama;
- Akalulu;
- Hares;
- Mbalame ndi zisa zawo, zomwe zili pafupi ndi nkhope ya dziko lapansi;
- Mazira a mbalame.
Pakakhala kusowa kwa chakudya, nkhandwe zaku Tibet zimatha kukhutitsa njala yawo ndi tizilombo kapena nyama zina zazing'ono zomwe zitha kugwira. Komanso, zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba, mizu yosiyanasiyana ndi zomera zina zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ankhandwe akapeza mtembo, amatha kuzidya. Mitundu iyi yodya nyama imawonedwa ngati yopanda chakudya ndipo imatha kukhala ndi moyo ngakhale itakhala yovuta. Komabe, kuposa 90% yazakudya zodyetsa ndi ma pikas.
Ankhandwe nthawi zambiri amapita kokasaka masana. Pakati pa masitepewa, samadziwika mosavuta chifukwa cha mtundu wawo. Nthawi zina pamakhala kusaka limodzi, nkhandwe ikajowina chimbalangondo. Ngati pika wocheperako amatha kuthawa chimbalangondo, nkhandweyo imachigwira mosavuta. Mabanja nthawi zambiri amasaka nyama. Awiriwo moona mtima amagawa nyama yomwe agwidwawo theka.
Kumvetsera mwachidwi kumawathandiza kusaka, komwe kumawathandiza kuti azindikire kupezeka kwa nyama patali. Mphamvu yakununkhira imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi nyama ngati chitsogozo mdera lawo.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nkhandwe yaakazi achi Tibetan
Ankhandwe aku Tibet amakonda kukonda moyo wobisika, wobisalira. Munthu aliyense, kapena okwatirana ali ndi malo awoawo. Komabe, satsutsana mwamphamvu ndi akunja ndipo nthawi zambiri samenya nawo nkhondo yolimbana ndi gawo. Amapita kukasaka masana okha, nthawi yonse yomwe amakonda kubisala m'mabowo awo, zigwembe, ndi ngalande.
Masiku ano, akatswiri a zoo sangathe kufotokoza molondola momwe nyama imakhalira, chifukwa chatsekedwa kwambiri. Kumvetsera mwachidwi kumalola, pomwe alendo amabwera, komanso munthu kubisala pogona pake. Gulu lililonse, kapena wamkulu, ali ndi gawo lomwe amakhala ndipo amasaka. Mwachilengedwe, pamakhala milandu pamene mabanja angapo amakhala mdera limodzi nthawi imodzi. Ankhandwe aku Tibetan ndi ochezeka kwambiri kwa abale awo ndipo samateteza ufulu wawo wokhala m'dera lomwelo pomenya nkhondo.
Kuti azilankhulana, amapanga mawu omwe amakumbutsa khunguyo lotsika, losasangalatsa. Komabe, izi zimachitika kawirikawiri. Pokhala pokhazikika, nkhandwe zimasankha malo akutali, akutali kutali ndi komwe anthu amakhala. Amakonzekeretsa malo awo pafupi ndi magwero a madzi pamalo pomwe dzuwa siliwagwera. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala zolowera zingapo kubowola kapena pamatuluka kangapo.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Cubs of the Tibetan fox
Nyengo yokwatirana ndi nyengo yake ndipo imayamba ndikayamba kwa February. Nyama zimakhwima pogonana mchaka chachiwiri cha moyo ndipo zikufuna mkazi. Okwatiranawo amakhala limodzi ndikusaka limodzi ndikulera ana mpaka kumapeto kwa moyo wawo. Nthawi zambiri, kukhala m'nyumba za akazi kumachitika.
Pakatha nyengo yokwanira, mimba imayamba, yomwe imatha masiku 50 mpaka 65. Ana amabadwira mu dzenje mwa kuchuluka kuyambira awiri mpaka asanu. Akabereka ana, mkazi samachoka kwa nthawi yayitali, kuwateteza ndikuwateteza. Ana amabadwa akhungu komanso opanda tsitsi. Kulemera kwa mwana mmodzi sikupitilira magalamu 130.
Ana, pamodzi ndi amayi awo, samachoka kwawo kwa milungu ingapo mpaka atakula ndikulimba. Pomwe wamkazi wokhala ndi ana ali m dzenje, wamwamuna amapita kukasaka yekha ndikupatsa banja lonse chakudya. Ngakhale atachoka m'dzenjemo, ana poyamba amatsatira amayi awo ndi mchira wawo ndipo samamusiya konse. Akazi a nkhandwe za ku Tibetan ndi makolo odera nkhawa komanso osamala.
Ana amadya mkaka wa mayi kwa mwezi umodzi ndi theka kuyambira tsiku lobadwa. Makolo amasamaliranso ana awo mofanana. Pafupifupi miyezi iwiri, banja limayamba kuchoka pakhomopo ndikuyenda pang'ono, kukulitsa nthawi ndi kutalika kwake. Nthawi imeneyi, makolo amayamba kudyetsa anawo ndi nyama, kenako amawaphunzitsa malamulo akusaka.
Mwana amatha msinkhu pafupifupi miyezi 9-10. Pamodzi ndi makolo awo, makanda amasungidwa mpaka kutha msinkhu. Pambuyo pake, amapatukana ndikuyamba moyo wodziyimira pawokha, kufunafuna wokwatirana naye ndikukonzekeretsa dzenje. Nthawi yayitali ya nyama zolusa zomwe zimakhala m'chilengedwe ndi zaka 8-10. Komabe, anthu ambiri amamwalira mchaka chachisanu kapena chachisanu ndi chimodzi cha moyo.
Adani achilengedwe a nkhandwe zaku Tibet
Chithunzi: Nkhandwe ya Animal Tibetan
Mwachilengedwe, nkhandwe zaku Tibet zimakhala ndi adani angapo. Zinyama zazing'ono ndizomwe zimawonongeka makamaka.
Adani achilengedwe a nkhandwe zaku Tibet:
- Mimbulu;
- Mastiffs Achi Tibet.
Anthu am'deralo amakonda kukhala ndi ma mastiffs aku Tibetan, omwe ndi akulu kwambiri kuposa nkhandwe, chifukwa chake amawasaka ndi kuwaukira.
- Mitundu ya mbalame zodya nyama;
- Munthu ndi zochita zake, kusaka ndi kuwombera nyama.
Kuphatikiza pa nyama zolusa, mbalame ndi agalu oweta am'deralo, mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana olimbana ndi kuchuluka kwa ma pikas amathandizira kuchepetsa nkhandwe za ku Tibetan. Chakudya chikuwonongedwa, chifukwa chake nkhandwe zimasowa chakudya. Chifukwa china chakuchepa kwa ziweto ndi matenda a echinococcal, omwe amatengeka kwambiri ndi nyama. Chifukwa cha matendawa, nyama zambiri zimamwalira.
Munthu si chifukwa chachikulu kuchepa kwa ziwombankhanga, chifukwa ndizovuta kugwira nkhandwe chifukwa chobisalira komanso kusamala kwambiri.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Cubs of the Tibetan fox
Masiku ano, kuchuluka kwa mitundu iyi ya nkhandwe kumadera onse okhalamo ndikotsika. Akatswiri a zooology afufuza ndikuzindikira kuchuluka kwa nyama m'malo opitilira 40. Chiwerengero cha anthu onse ndi 36,500. Kumadera akutali kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Tibet, kutali ndi malo okhala anthu omwe ali ndi chakudya chochepa, anthuwa ndi anthu 5-7 mwa makilomita 2-2.5. M'madera akumwera, komwe kumakhala bwino, pafupifupi anthu 20-25 adapezeka makilomita 300.
Mwalamulo, mtundu uwu umatetezedwa ndi lamulo chifukwa cha kuchepa kwanthawi zonse. Komabe, zenizeni, palibe njira zapadera zotetezera ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa ziweto.
Nyama zimawonongedwa ndi anthu amderalo kuti zipeze ubweya wofewa. Ngakhale ndi yolimba komanso yowoneka bwino, siyotchuka kwambiri ndipo siyamitundu yamitengo yodula chifukwa chotsika. Komabe, anthu akumaloko amapanga zipewa kuchokera ku ubweya wa nkhandwe waku Tibet kuti aziteteza ku mphepo yamphamvu ndi mvula.
Akatswiri a sayansi ya zinyama akunena kuti, ngakhale kuti chiwerengero cha oimira mayiniwa chikuchepa posachedwapa, sakuwopsezedwa kuti atheratu. Ankhandwe amadziwika mosamala kwambiri, chifukwa chake kumakhala kovuta kuwapeza ndi kuwagwira. Nkhandwe yaku Tibet ndi nyama yokongola kwambiri komanso yosazolowereka. Ichi ndi cholumikizira chofunikira kwambiri pazomera ndi nyama zakomweko. Zowononga zimayang'anira kuchuluka kwa makoswe, makamaka ma pikas, komanso amasula nthaka mwakumba maenje.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 15.04.2019
Tsiku losintha: 19.09.2019 nthawi 21:06
