Nalimata Ndi buluzi wamng'ono yemwe amakhala m'malo otentha komanso otentha. Ali ndi miyendo yodabwitsa. Zilonda za nyama zimakutidwa ndi ubweya wambiri, chifukwa chake buluzi amatha kuyenda pamtunda wowonekera, mwachitsanzo, pamakoma, pazenera komanso ngakhale kudenga. Pali nalimata ambiri. Amasiyana wina ndi mnzake muutoto, kukula ndi kapangidwe ka thupi.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Nalimata
Kunena zowona, nalimata si mtundu wosiyana, koma ndi dzina lodziwika kwa mamembala onse a banja la nalimata, kapena, monga momwe amadziwikanso, opondaponda. Banja ili ndi mitundu 57 ndi mitundu 1121. Chodziwika kwambiri mwa izi ndi mtundu wa Gekko, kapena True Gecko, womwe umaphatikizapo mitundu 50.
Kanema: Neko
Dzinalo limachokera mchilankhulo cha Chimalaya, momwe abuluzi amatchedwa "Gek-ko", kulira kwa onomatopoeic kwa imodzi mwazamoyo. Geckos amabwera mosiyanasiyana, mitundu, ndi makulidwe. Mwa mitundu ya abuluzi awa, odziwika kwambiri ndi awa:
- Toki nalimata;
- Nalimata theka lakufa;
- wamasamba;
- eublefar;
- chisa-toed;
- wochepa thupi;
- felzuma wokulirapo;
- Madagascar;
- wopapatiza;
- steppe.
Geckos ali ndi chiyambi chakale, monga akuwonetsera ndi kapangidwe kawo ka anatomical. Makamaka akale ndi nalimata, omwe ndi nalimata amakono omwe angawoneke ngati akale kwambiri. Amadziwika ndi mafupa osasunthika a parietal ndi antero-concave (procellular) vertebrae.
Amakhalanso ndi ma clavicles, mkati mwake momwe muli mabowo. Nthawi zina akatswiri ofufuza zinthu zakale amapeza mbalame zakufa zaka makumi mamiliyoni zikwizikwi. Komanso makolo akale a nalimata amakono ndi ankhandwe apezekanso ku amber ku Southeast Asia. Malinga ndi kuyerekezera koyambirira, ali ndi zaka pafupifupi 99 miliyoni.
Mbali yodziwika ya nalimata onse ndi kapangidwe ka miyendo yawo. Mapazi a reptile amatha ndi mapazi ndi zala zisanu zofananira. Kumbali yamkati, ali ndi timizere ting'onoting'ono tokhala ndi tsitsi labwino kwambiri kapena ma bristles, pafupifupi 100 nanometers m'mimba mwake, ndi timapiko ting'onoting'ono.
Ndiwo omwe amalola kuti chinyama chilumikizane ndi chilichonse, kuphatikiza chosalala, pamwamba chifukwa champhamvu yolumikizana yamagulu - magulu a van der Waals. Detachment imachitika posintha mawonekedwe amtundu uliwonse. Nalimata amatha kumata ndi kutsegula chala chimodzimodzi mpaka 15 pamphindikati.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: chifukwa cha "kukakamira kwambiri" kwa mapapo, nalimata wolemera 50 g amatha kunyamula zinthu mpaka 2 kg ndi mawoko ake, ndiye kuti, 40 zolemerera kuposa nalimata palokha. Kuti agwire nalimata, asayansi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mfuti yamadzi, ngati ikanyowa, nalimata amalephera kugwirana pamwamba ndikuthawa.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Lizard Gecko
Chodziwika bwino cha ma nalimata onse, kuphatikiza pa zikopa zawo zolimba, ndikuti onse ali ndi mutu wawukulu wokhudzana ndi thupi, thupi lokha limakhala lathyathyathya, koma lolimba, miyendo ndi yaifupi, mchira wake ndi wautali komanso makulidwe. Kukula kwake kwa buluzi kumasiyanasiyana kutengera mtundu wake. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya Toki imakula mpaka masentimita 36 kutalika, ndipo chala chaching'ono kwambiri cha Virginia chimakula mpaka 16-18 mm. Wamkulu amalemera mamiligalamu 120 okha.
Khungu la nyama limakutidwa ndi mamba ang'onoang'ono. Pakati pa masikelo ang'onoang'ono, palinso zidutswa zazikulu, zomwazikana mthupi lonse. Mtundu wa zokwawa zimadalira kwambiri malo. Pakati pa nalimata, pali oyimira onse obiriwira, wobiriwira, wabuluu, ofiira, mitundu ya lalanje, komanso mitundu yosaoneka bwino yomwe singasiyanitsidwe ndi miyala, masamba kapena mchenga, makamaka ngati chinyama sichimasuntha. Pali mitundu ya monochromatic komanso yamawangamawanga, komanso mitundu yamitundu yosintha kuchokera ku gawo limodzi la thupi lanyama kupita ku linzake. Nthawi ndi nthawi, nalimata amatha kukhetsa ndi kudya ndikudya zidutswa zakhungu zakale.
Monga abuluzi ena ambiri, nalimata ali ndi mizere yapadera kumchira wake yomwe imalola kuti ituluke msanga nyama ikagwidwa ndi chilombo. Mchira ukhoza kugwa paokha ngati sunakhudzidwe, koma nyama yakumana ndi mavuto akulu. Pambuyo pake, pakapita nthawi, mchira watsopano umakula chifukwa cha kusinthika. Chowonjezeranso ndichakuti mchira umapezanso mafuta ndi madzi, omwe nyamayo imadya panthawi yanjala.
Geckos, kupatula mtundu wa kambuku, sangaphethire. Izi ndichifukwa choti asakaniza zikope zawo. Koma amatha kutsuka m'maso ndi lilime lalitali. Maso a nyama amakula kwambiri, kunja akufanana ndi amphaka. Ophunzira amatambasula mumdima.
Kodi nalimata amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Nyama ya Nalimata
Malo okhala zokwawa izi ndi ochuluka. Geckos amapezeka padziko lonse lapansi, ngakhale mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu imakhala m'malo otentha komanso otentha. Geckos ndi ozizira magazi, chifukwa chake malo awo amakhala momwe kutentha kozungulira sikutsika pansi pa +20 ° C. Malo abwinobwino kwa iwo amawonedwa kuti ndi ochokera ku + 20 mpaka + 30 madigiri, ndiye kuti ali ndi thermophilic.
Mitundu ina imatha kukhala m'mapiri kapena m'malo am'chipululu mumchenga, koma yambiri imakonda zigwa zam'mitsinje, nkhalango zam'malo otentha ndikukhala moyo wosalira zambiri. M'malo ambiri okhala, nalimata amakhalanso m'midzi ngakhale m'mizinda ikuluikulu. Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi zambiri zimayamba ndikuti anthuwo amawakhazikitsa m'nyumba zawo kuti athetse tizilombo, koma kenako ana awo amafalikira okha. A Geckos azindikira kuti kuwunika kwa nyali ndikosangalatsa kwambiri tizilombo tomwe timagona usiku, ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito kusaka.
Geckos afalikira kwambiri ku Southeast Asia, kuzilumba za Indonesia, ku Africa, pachilumba cha Madagascar, ku Australia, komanso ku America konse. Zokwawa zina zimafalikira kumayiko ena chifukwa cha anthu, mwachitsanzo, nalimata wapakati waku Turkey anafalikira ku Central America anthu ena atafika kumeneko ndi katundu wawo.
Kudziyendetsa paokha pazilumbazi kumathandizidwa ndikuti mazira a nalimata amakhala osagwirizana ndi madzi amchere amchere, ndipo mwangozi amatha kugwera m'malo ozunguliridwa ndi madzi ndi zipika.
Kodi nalimata amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Gecko Wobiriwira
Geckos ndi nyama zolusa, choncho samadya chakudya chomera. Tizilombo timayambitsa maziko a zakudya za abuluziwa. Geckos ndi osusuka, chifukwa chake, ngati zingatheke, amayesetsa kudya chakudya chochuluka momwe angathere. Mafuta awo ochulukirapo adayikidwa mchira, womwe ndi mtundu wamadzi. Nthawi ya njala, nalimata amapeza mphamvu zofunikira kuchokera kumalo osungidwa kumchira. Monga madzi, nalimata mofunitsitsa amamwa mame. Zinyama ndizodzichepetsa, choncho chakudya chawo chimakhala chosiyanasiyana.
Zakudya zamtundu wa nalimata ndi izi:
- midges osiyanasiyana;
- nyongolotsi;
- mbozi za tizilombo;
- cicadas;
- mbozi za agulugufe;
- nyamakazi yaying'ono;
- mphemvu.
Nthawi zambiri, nalimata amatha kudya achule, mbewa zazing'ono, mazira a mbalame (ndipo nthawi zina ngakhale anapiye), koma izi zimangokhala zokwawa zazikulu. Ena mwa iwo amatha kudya zinkhanira. Nthawi zambiri kusaka kumachitika motere. Nalimata amazembera wovulalayo, kapena amangodikirira pamalo pomwe wovutikayo amapezeka nthawi zambiri. Kenako, atadikirira, amamugwira ndi liwiro la mphezi, amamugwira pakamwa ndikumupha mwamphamvu pansi kapena mwala wapafupi.
Mitundu ina ya anthu yomwe imakhala ku South America yasinthira kukhala m'mapanga okhala ndi mileme. Cholinga chake ndikuti pansi paphanga pamakhala zitosi za mileme, zomwe ndi malo abwino kuswanirana mphemvu. Ndi mphemvu zomwe agulugufe amasaka, osachita khama. Mitundu yaying'ono yakugwira singasake tizilombo tating'onoting'ono, chifukwa chake amakakamizidwa kudya zomwe zimawonekera kwa anthu pokha ndi microscope.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nalimata wotayika
Mwachilengedwe, pafupifupi nalimata onse amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Iliyonse imakhala yamphongo imodzi ndi akazi angapo. Gawo lamunthu wamwamuna ndiloling'ono kwambiri, ndipo limayenera kutetezedwa nthawi zonse ku kuwukira kwa amuna ena. Ndewu zimachitika makamaka nthawi yakumasirana, pomwe abuluzi amalimbana okhaokha mpaka kufa kapena kuvulala kwambiri. Nthawi zonse, malowa amayeneranso kutetezedwa ku mitundu ina ya abuluzi komanso akangaude.
Geckos ndi oyera kwambiri. Amapita kuchimbudzi m'malo osiyana, omwe amakhala kutali ndi malo obisalira. Nthawi zambiri njuchi zonse zimapita kumalo komweko.
Ambiri a nalimata amakhala madzulo kapena usiku, ndipo masana amakhala m'malo obisalamo. Izi zikuwonetsedwa ndi maso akulu anyama ndi ana owongoka. Kupatula kwake ndi mitundu yochepa chabe, monga Green Felsuma, yemwe dzina lake lachiwiri ndi Madagascar Day Gecko.
Moyo wakusiku makamaka chifukwa chakuti m'malo omwe abuluzi amakhala amakhala usiku komwe kutentha kozungulira kumakhala bwino, ndipo masana muyenera kubisala m'ming'alu, mabowo, mabowo pansi pamiyala komanso m'malo ena obisalamo. Geckos ali ndi chidwi chakumva komanso kumva, kotero ngakhale atakhala otsika ndi osaka bwino kwambiri. Komabe, akatswiri ambiri a zinyama amakhulupirira kuti nalimata amangowona tizilombo tosuntha.
Mitundu ina ya chastepaws imatsanulidwa nthawi ndi nthawi. Njirayi ndi iyi. Choyamba, khungu la nyama limayamba kufota. Mutu wonse wa zokwawa utasanduka woyera mpaka kunsonga kwa mphuno, ndiye kuti buluziyo amayamba kung'amba khungu lakale lokha. Pansi pake kale pakadali pano pali khungu latsopano lowala. Ntchito yonse ya molting imatenga pafupifupi maola awiri kapena atatu.
Mbali yapadera ya nalimata amtengo ndikuti amagwera pansi kokha kuti adye. Chifukwa chake, akawasunga mu ukapolo, amafunikira magawo apadera osungira chakudya nthawi zonse. Kuti agone, nalimata amafunika kupeza malo opapatiza, mwachitsanzo, mng'alu, kuti osati mimba ya reptile yokha, komanso msana wake uli moyandikana ndi khoma.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Nalimata m'chilengedwe
Geckos si nyama zonse zocheza. Mwachitsanzo, kusamalira ana sizachilendo kwa iwo. Koma mitundu yambiri siimakhala yokha, koma m'magulu amphongo amodzi ndi akazi angapo. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala okulirapo pang'ono. Mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu pakubereka siimangirizidwa ku nyengo, zomwe ndi zotsatira zake osati nyengo zowala m'malo awo. Ma Geckos omwe amakhala kumpoto kwa madera otentha ndi akazi awo kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira.
Kutengera mtundu wake, nalimata amatha kuyikira mazira ofewa kapena olimba, koma palinso mitundu ya ovoviviparous. Nalimata ambiri amakhala oviparous. Akazi amawagoneka m'malo obisika, mwachitsanzo, m'maenje amitengo. Mzimayi amamatira mazira kuzinthu zosayenerera. Maganizo a amayi sadziwika kwa nalimata azimayi. Ikayika mazira ake, nthawi yomweyo amaiwala za ana ake. Pali mitundu ingapo ya nalimata yomwe imabwera kuti izamanganso clutch kuti izitha kutentha.
Mukayang'ana mu dzenje, m'malo a nalimata, mutha kuwona kuti khoma lonse lamkati liri ndi mazira. Kuphatikiza apo, ambiri a iwo amapezeka kuti ali pamakulidwe osiyanasiyana, popeza zazikazi zingapo zimatha kuyikira mazira pamalo amodzimodzi nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri, pambuyo poti amaswa, gawo lina la chipolopolo cha dzira limatsalira ndikumamatira kukhoma la dzenje. Chifukwa chake, zikopa zotsatirazi za nalimata zotsatirazi zadulidwa pamwamba pa zakale. Nthawi yokwanira nthawi zambiri imakhala pafupifupi miyezi itatu.
Adani achilengedwe a nyamalikiti
Chithunzi: Nalimata
Popeza nalimata ndi ochepa kukula, ali ndi adani achilengedwe omwe amatha kukhala chakudya. Pakati pawo pali abuluzi ena, makoswe, nyama zolusa, mbalame nthawi zambiri. Nthawi zambiri, nalimata amakhala ozunzidwa ndi njoka - njoka, boas ndi ena. Nthawi zambiri, nalimata amafa ndi nyama zomwe zimadya usiku, koma nthawi zina zimachitika kuti zimagwidwa ndi odyetsa masana munthawi yochepa yomwe nthawi ya ntchito yawo imadutsana.
Podziteteza kwa adani, mtundu woteteza umagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso mawonekedwe amthupi omwe amakulolani kuti musinthe kapena kukhalabe osawoneka. Mitundu ya nalimata wamphepete, wosazindikirika ndi zomera zozungulira, ndi mitundu yambiri ya nalimata yokhala ndi mitundu yobisa, yakwanitsa kuchita izi. Monga muyeso wowonjezera, kutha kutaya mchira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, m'malo mwake komwe kumakula.
Nthawi zina nalimata amateteza gulu limodzi. Nthawi zina njoka ikaukira munthu, ndipo nalimata onse ochokera kudera lomwelo amayamba kumuukira, motero amapulumutsa moyo wa wachibale. Pazilumba zina zakutali za m'nyanja ndi ma coral atoll, ma geckos nthawi zambiri amakhala okhawo okhala pamtunda, ndipo alibe adani achilengedwe m'malo amenewa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Nalimata yanyama
Mitundu yambiri yama clawfoot ili ndi chiopsezo chocheperako, koma palinso mitundu yovuta komanso yomwe ili pangozi pakati pawo. Izi zikuphatikizapo Necheka Wamaliseche wa Russov, olembedwa mu Red Book of Dagestan pachifukwa choti anthu ake ndi ochepa kwambiri, a Grey Gecko, omwe kuchuluka kwake ndi kwakukulu, ndipo m'malo abwino nambala yake imafika anthu 10 pa 10 mita mita, koma m'dera la Russia oimira sanapezeke kuyambira 1935, nalimata wazitsamba waku Europe, omwe adalembedwa mu International Red Book ndi ena ena.
Chiwerengero cha mitundu yambiri ya anthu chimakhudzidwa ndikuchepa kwa malo okhala, komwe kumalumikizidwa kwakukulu ndikusintha kwamalo ndipo, pang'ono pang'ono, ndimomwe zimakhudzira kusintha kwa nyengo. Zochita za anthu zimakhudza kwambiri kuipitsa malo achilengedwe a nalimata, zomwe zimakhudzanso kuthekera kwawo kubereka ndi kufalikira. Mitundu ina yazomera idawopsezedwa kuti ikutha chifukwa chodula mitengo kwambiri.
Koma palinso mitundu yomwe zochita za anthu, m'malo mwake, zidakhala zofunikira, ndikuthandizira kufalikira kwawo, kuphatikiza m'maiko ena. Tockck yemweyo, yemwe amakhala koyamba ku Asia, anafalikira ku United States ndi zilumba za Hawaii.
Chitetezo cha Nalimata
Chithunzi: Gecko Red Book
Njira zothandiza kwambiri zotetezera nyamalikiti ndi kuteteza malo awo achilengedwe komanso njira zotetezera madera awo kukhala osadukaduka. Popeza kuti nalimata ndi ochepa mokwanira, alibe chidwi chowasaka. Koma nyamazi zimatha kuvutika chifukwa cha zomwe zimayambitsa matenda: kuwonongeka kwa malo awo, komanso chifukwa cha kusintha kwakanthawi mderalo chifukwa chodula mitengo, kulima minda pazinthu zaulimi, ndi zina zambiri.
Nthawi zina amafera pansi pagudumu lamagalimoto odutsa. Ichi ndichifukwa chake chitetezo chothandiza kwambiri sichimatetezedwa ndi nalimata, koma chitetezo chokwanira cha zinyama ndi nyama m'malo okhala mitundu yowopsa ya zokwawa izi.
Ena mwa ma nalimata, monga a Gunther's Day Gecko, amabadwira mwapadera, koyamba mu ukapolo, kenako amatulutsidwa m'mapaki ndi m'malo osungira. Mwa njira iyi nalimata imatha kubwezeretsa kuchuluka kwa anthu ndikuyamba chitukuko m'nkhalango.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 11.04.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 19.09.2019 pa 16:29
