Wallaby - marsupials ang'ono ndi apakatikati olumpha. Amafanana kwambiri ndi kangaroo. Khalani ndi malo owongoka othandizidwa ndi miyendo ikulu ikulu yopanda malire ndi miyendo yakutsogolo yaying'ono, ndi mchira waukulu, wokutira. Pogwiritsa ntchito kulumpha ngati njira yawo yayikulu yoyendera, wallaby imatha kuyenda mosavuta pa 25 km / h ndikufika liwiro lapamwamba la 48 km / h.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Wallaby
Dziko lakwawo la ma marsupial nthawi ina limawerengedwa kuti Australia, koma kwenikweni, malinga ndi kafukufuku watsopano, ma marsupial onse amoyo, monga wallabies, kangaroos ndi ma possum, mwina amapezeka ku South America. Mothandizidwa ndi njira zamakono, zakhala zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chatsopano chokhudza mitundu ina ya mitunduyi kuti tipeze banja.
Poyerekeza ma genomes a South American possum (Monodelphis domestica) ndi Australia wallaby (Macropus eugenii) pakupezeka kwa majini apadera, asayansi apeza kuti nyamazi ziyenera kuchokera mumzera womwewo wa mammalian.
Kanema: Wallaby
Zotsatirazi zidawonetsa kuti ma marsupial adachokera kwa kholo limodzi ku South America, ndipo kulamula kunachitika kalekale pomwe South America, Antarctica, ndi Australia adalumikizidwa pamodzi ngati gawo lalikulu ladziko lotchedwa Gondwana. Izi zidalola kuti nyamazi zizikhala ku Australia. Kupeza kumeneku kumatsutsana ndi malingaliro am'mbuyomu. Komabe, sizinatheke kutsimikizira zotsatira zomwe zapezeka ndi zokwiriridwa zakale.
Wallaby (Macropus eugenii) ndi mitundu yazinyama zamtundu wa kangaroo (Macropus) komanso woimira banja la kangaroo (Macropodidae). Kutchulidwa koyamba kwa mtundu uwu kumapezeka pakati pa oyendetsa sitima achi Dutch mu 1628. Mawu akuti wallaby omwewo amachokera ku chilankhulo cha Eora. Umenewu ndi mtundu womwe kale unkakhala m'dera la Sydney lamasiku ano. Ana a Wallaby, monga ma marsupial ena, amatchedwa joey.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Wallaby nyama
Wallabies ndi ochepa kapena apakatikati marsupials. Amakhala amtundu umodzi wamsonkho ngati ma kangaroo, ndipo nthawi zina amakhala amtundu womwewo. Mawu oti "wallaby" sakutanthauziridwa bwino. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza ma marsupial ena ang'onoang'ono. Wallaby si gulu lokhalo lachilengedwe, koma mtundu wa mgwirizano wamagulu angapo. Pali mitundu pafupifupi 30 ya wallaby.
Zabwino kudziwa! Ngati tilingalira pang'ono za mtundu wa wallaby, ndiye kuti mtundu wa Wallabia umaphatikizapo mtundu womwe ulipo pakadali pano (Swamp wallaby) ndi zakale zomwe sizinapezekenso.
Miyendo yakumbuyo yamphamvu yaminyama imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumpha mtunda wautali. Mountain wallabies (genus Petrogale), amakhazikika m'malo ovuta ndipo ali ndi miyendo yosinthidwa kuti igwire thanthwe, m'malo mongobowola pansi ndi zikhadabo zazikulu. Miyendo yakutsogolo ya wallaby ndi yaying'ono ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kudyetsa. Ali ndi mphuno yowongoka, makutu akulu ndi malaya amoto omwe amatha kukhala otuwa, akuda, ofiira, abulauni kapena oyera.
Monga kangaroo, ili ndi michira yamphamvu komanso yayitali yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera. Wallaby wamfupi ndiye membala wocheperako pamtunduwu komanso membala wochepa kwambiri wodziwika wa banja la kangaroo. Kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi 46 cm kuchokera pamphuno mpaka kunsonga kwa mchira, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi pafupifupi 1.6 kg. Kuphatikiza apo, pali mapiri a wallabies kapena a philanders (padelomas), asanu mwa iwo omwe apulumuka ku New Guinea.
Maso a wallaby amakhala pamwamba pa chigaza ndipo amapatsa nyamayo mawonekedwe owonera 324 ° okhala ndi 25 ° kudalirana (anthu ali ndi gawo la 180 ° lowonera 120 °). Masomphenya ake ali ndi chidwi chofanana ndi cha akalulu, ng'ombe kapena akavalo. Wallaby ili ndi makutu akulu, owongoka omwe amatha kuzungulira mozungulira 180 ° mosadutsana.
Kodi wallaby amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Kangaroo wallaby
Ma Wallabies afalikira ku Australia konse, makamaka kumadera akutali kwambiri, madera okhala ndi nkhalango zowirira kwambiri, komanso zocheperako m'mapiri akulu-akulu ouma, omwe ali oyenera akulu. kangaroo woonda komanso wothamanga kwambiri. Amathanso kupezeka pachilumba cha Guinea, chomwe mpaka pano chinali gawo la mainland Australia.
Rockabies okhala m'miyala amakhala pafupifupi malo ovuta okha, m'mphepete mwa miyala, miyala, mchenga wamapanga ndi mapanga. Mitundu ina imakonda madambo ouma ouma kapena malo amphepete mwa nyanja, nkhalango zotentha. Ku South Australia, khoma lokongola komanso lofiira kwambiri limakhala lofala. Mitundu ina siichulukanso kwenikweni.
Mitundu ingapo yama wallaby yatulutsidwa kumadera ena adziko lapansi, ndipo pali mitundu yambiri yoswana, kuphatikiza:
- Chilumba cha Kawau chimakhala ndi tammar ambiri (eugenii), parma (parma idapezedwanso, yomwe ikukhulupirira kuti yakhalapo zaka 100), marsh (bicolor) ndi wallaby-tailed wallaby (Petrogale penicillata) kuyambira koyambirira kwa 1870;
- Dera la Lake Tarawera lili ndi anthu ambiri okhala ndi tammar (eugenii) ku New Zealand;
- Pali ma wallabies ambiri a Bennett kumwera kwa New Zealand;
- Pachilumba cha Isle of Man pali madera obiriwira komanso ofiira opitilira 100 m'derali, mbadwa za banja lomwe linathawa paki yamtchire mu 1970;
- Hawaii ili ndi anthu ochepa pachilumba cha Oahu omwe adachokera ku Petrogale penicillata (Rock-tailed Wallaby) Zoo kuthawa mu 1916;
- Ku Peak District Nature Reserve ku England, anthu nawonso adachokera kwa omwe athawa ku zoo mu 1940;
- Pachilumba cha Inchconnachan ku Scotland, pali pafupifupi 28 ofiira otuwa;
- Anthu angapo adadziwitsidwa ku Lambey Island kufupi ndi gombe lakum'mawa kwa Ireland m'ma 1950. Coloni idakulirakulira m'ma 1980 kutsatira kuchuluka kwadzidzidzi ku Dublin Zoo;
- Ku France, m'nkhalango ya Rambouillet, 50 km kumadzulo kwa Paris, kuli gulu lachilengedwe la pafupifupi 30 Bennett's wallabies. Chiwerengero cha anthu chidatulukira mzaka za 1970 pomwe ma wallabies adathawa ku Emanse Zoo patachitika mkuntho.
Kodi wallaby imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Wallaby Kangaroo
Wallabies ndi herbivores, gawo lalikulu la zitsamba ndi zakudya zamasamba. Nkhope zawo zazitali zimasiya malo ambiri a nsagwada ndi mano akulu, opyapyala ofunikira kutafuna chakudya chamasamba. Amatha kudya masamba ndi zipatso, ndiwo zamasamba ndi zipatso, maluwa, moss, fern, zitsamba, komanso tizilombo. Amakonda kudyetsa usiku, m'mawa kwambiri komanso madzulo kukazizira.
Zosangalatsa! Wallaby ali ndi mimba yamkati, ngati kavalo. Mimba yake yakumaso imathandizira kugaya zomera zolimba. Nyamayo imabwezeretsanso chakudya, kutafuna komanso kumeza (kutafuna chingamu), chomwe chimathandiza kugwetsa ulusi wolimba ndikuthandizira kugaya chakudya.
Podyetsa, ma wallabies nthawi zambiri amasonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, ngakhale mitundu yambiri imakhala yokhayokha. Kuti athetse ludzu lawo, amapita kumayenje othirira, koma pakagwa ngozi, amatha kukhala opanda chakudya ndi madzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Nyama imachotsa chinyezi kuchokera pachakudya. Ichi ndi mtundu wolimba, wokhoza kuchita zochepa ngati kuli kofunikira.
Chifukwa chakukula kwamatauni, mitundu yambiri yama wallaby tsopano imadyetsa m'midzi ndi m'matawuni. Amayenda maulendo ataliatali kukafunafuna chakudya ndi madzi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimasowa komwe amakhala. M'nyengo yadzuwa, unyinji wa anthu okhala pamakoma nthawi zambiri amasonkhana mozungulira bowo lomwelo.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Wallaby nyama
Wallaby imazolowera nyengo youma komanso yotentha yaku Australia. Ilinso ndi nyengo yabwino ndipo imazindikira mvula yamvula patali mpaka 20 km ndipo imawalunjika.
Izi ndi chidwi! Wallaby imapanga pafupifupi methane iliyonse, yomwe imapangidwa mochuluka ndi ziweto ndi nkhosa. Njira yodyera ya wallaby imasinthira hydrogen yochokera ku chimbudzi kukhala acetate, yomwe imalowetsedwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu. M'malo mwake, wallaby imatulutsa mpweya woipa, womwe suwononga chilengedwe kangapo kuposa methane.
Nyamayi ili ndi zingwe zazing'ono kwambiri, pafupifupi zopanda mawu. Pachifukwa ichi, ali ndi mawu ochepa. Marsupial amasuntha ndikudumpha. Ngati akufunika kuti asunthire pang'ono, amapanga zodumpha zazing'ono, ngati angafunikire kupambana malo akulu, kutalika kwa kulumpha kumakulira.
Monga ma marsupial, ma wallabies ali ndi miyendo yakumbuyo yolimba ndi mapazi akulu opangidwira kudumpha. Adasinthiratu ulendowu kuti ukhale imodzi mwanjira zachangu kwambiri komanso zosavuta kuyenda maulendo ataliatali.
Wallabies amayenda mwakachetechete poyerekeza ndi nyama zina. Chifukwa cha izi ndi mapazi ofewa a wallaby komanso kuti ndi mapazi awiri okha omwe amakhudza pansi. Imatha kupendekera mwendo umodzi mosavuta ndikusintha mayendedwe mwachangu. Amatha kupanga 180 ° kutembenuka kamodzi.
Wallaby imatha kudumphira kumbuyo kwambiri munkhondo. Komabe, sichingakhale njira yonyamula. Kuphatikiza apo, chinyama sichingayende kupita kutsogolo kapena kubwerera kumbuyo mwa kusuntha miyendo yokha. Wallaby amakhala zaka 6 mpaka 15.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Wallaby Cub
Khanda lobadwa khoma lotchedwa joey ndi laling'ono kwambiri pobadwa. Imafanana ndi 2cm odzola ndipo imalemera gramu imodzi yokha. Makanda a anthu amakhala okulirapo pafupifupi 3,500. Makanda a Marsupial ali ndi magawo awiri amakulidwe. Mmodzi mkati mwa mayi amafanana ndi nyama zamphongo monga anthu, ndipo inayo ili kunja kwa thupi la mayi mu thumba lakunja lakunja lotchedwa thumba. Chifukwa chake dzinalo limatchedwa marsupial.
Gawo 1. Joey amabadwa patatha masiku 30 kuchokera pa umuna. Mwana wamphongo amatuluka mu ngalande ya amayi akhungu, wopanda ubweya, wokhala ndi mphindikati wonenepa komanso wopanda miyendo yakumbuyo. Pogwiritsa ntchito nsonga zake zakutsogolo m'kusuntha (m'mawere), mwana wakhanda amakwawa limodzi ndi ubweya wolimba wa mayi wake kupita m'thumba. Chikwamachi chili pamimba chachikazi. Ulendowu umatenga pafupifupi mphindi zitatu. Amayenda kwathunthu. Mkazi samathandiza mwanjira iliyonse.
Gawo 2. Atangokhala m'thumba la amayi ake, joey amadziphatika msanga ku umodzi wa nsonga zamabele. Kamwana kameneka kakangogwirizira kunsonga ya mkaziyo, kamabisiridwa mkati mpaka miyezi isanu ndi umodzi ndi theka. Joey ndiye akuyamba kutulutsa mutu wake mosamala mchikwama ndikuwona zomwe zamuzungulira. Pambuyo pa masabata awiri, adzakhala ndi chidaliro chotuluka ndipo mwachangu abwerera kumalo otetezeka ngati awopa.
Pakadutsa miyezi 8, wallababy imasiya kubisala m'thumba la amayi ndikukhala odziyimira pawokha. Male wallaby alibe zikwama zam'manja.
Adani achilengedwe a wallaby
Chithunzi: Wallaby
Pakhoma loopsezedwa, amadzimenyera m'miyendo ndikupanga mawu okwera kuti achenjeze ena. Amatha kumenya mdaniyo ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo ndikuluma - njira yomwe imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi amuna akumenyana.
Wallaby ili ndi zilombo zingapo zachilengedwe:
- Dingo;
- Ziwombankhanga zopindika;
- Ziwanda za ku Tasmanian;
- Zokwawa zazikulu monga ng'ona ndi njoka.
Wallaby imatha kudzitchinjiriza kwa adani powakantha ndi mchira wake wautali, wamphamvu. Tinyama tating'onoting'ono timagwidwa ndi abuluzi, njoka ndi ziwombankhanga. Anthu nawonso amawopseza kwambiri wallaby. Kwa okhala komweko, ndi chakudya chamtundu, amawasaka kuti apeze nyama ndi ubweya wawo.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti! Kulowetsedwa kwa nkhandwe, amphaka, agalu ku Australia ndikuberekera kwawo mwachangu kwakhudza mitundu yambiri yazachilengedwe, zomwe zikukankhira ena kumapeto.
Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo kuchuluka kwa anthu, mitundu ina yazinyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutayika zimasungidwa kumalo awo achilengedwe, momwe zimakhalira mosavuta nyama zolusa kuthengo. Kuyesayesa kuzikhazikitsanso nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa mavuto. Kuphunzitsa zolimbitsa thupi kuopa zolusa kumatha kuteteza vutoli.
Wallabies amadziwa bwino komanso mwachibadwa kumvetsetsa zomwe adani awo amawoneka. Chifukwa chake, anthu amayesetsa kudzutsa zokumbukira mwa iwo. Gulu la nyama likaponyedwa kuthengo, zimafuna kuthandizidwa. Ndikumayambiriro kwambiri kuti tidziwe ngati maphunziro apititsa patsogolo mwayi wopulumuka.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Wallaby nyama
Mitundu yambiri yatsika kwambiri kuyambira pomwe asamukira ku Europe. Kukula kwaulimi kwadzetsa kuwonongeka kwa nthaka ndikuwonongeka kwa malo okhala - zomwe zimawopseza mitundu yomwe ilipo kale.
Kuphatikiza apo, zomwe zimawopseza anthu ndi monga:
- Zomera zodyera - akalulu, nkhosa, mbuzi, ng'ombe - zimapikisana ndi marsupials kuti zipeze chakudya, makamaka m'malo ouma omwe chakudya chimasowa.
- Ma wallabies ambiri amatenga nawo mbali pangozi zamagalimoto chifukwa nthawi zambiri amadyera pafupi ndi misewu ndi madera akumidzi.
- Zomwe zidakhudzidwa kwambiri zidachitika pakusintha kwaudzu wa udzu m'malo odyetserako ziweto. Izi zidachepetsa mphamvu yama wallaby ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa moto wowopsa wa chilimwe.
- Kudula mitengo kumabweretsa kuchepa kwa nkhalango zosiyanasiyana zam'madzi.
- Mitundu ina imadziwika kuti ndi yaulimi ndipo imawonongedwa ndi nzika zakomweko.
- Nyama zingapo zomwe zatulutsidwa monga dingoes, nkhandwe, amphaka amphaka ndi agalu zimaukira wallabies.
- Tammar wallabies (Macropus eugenii) onse asowa kwawo kwawo ku Australia, makamaka chifukwa cha nkhandwe. Koma amapulumuka komwe kulanda nyama zolanda - kuzilumba zazing'ono m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi ku New Zealand.
Mitundu yambiri ndi yachonde motero siyowonongeka. Koma ena, monga mapiri, amawerengedwa kuti ali pangozi.
Woyang'anira Wallaby
Chithunzi: Wallaby kuchokera ku Red Book
Aaborigine sanakhudze kwenikweni kupulumuka konse kwa anthu okhala pamakoma pazaka 50 miliyoni zakukhalapo kwawo. Koma kuyambira pomwe abwera aku Europe, anthu ayamba kukhala ndi mphamvu zambiri. Mitundu ina ya wallaby yakhudzidwa kwambiri ndipo mwina imatha.
Mndandanda Wofiira wa IUCN umaphatikizapo:
- Zowopsa za Black Forest Wallaby;
- Kutha kwaphiri kwa mapiri a wallaby;
- Rock wallaby yokhala ndi mapazi achikasu, okhala pangozi;
- Rufous Hare Wallaby kapena Warrup - omwe ali pachiwopsezo chotha;
- Mchira wa Wallaby wa Bridled Nail ali pachiwopsezo chotha;
Magawo asanu a Blackfoot Mountain Wallaby ali pachiwopsezo chosiyanasiyana ndipo adatchulidwa kuti Ali Pangozi kapena Ali Pangozi. Mapulogalamu obereketsa omwe ali m'mapiri akhala opambana, ndi anthu ochepa omwe atulutsidwa kuthengo posachedwa.
Mzere wa wallaby hare (Lagostrophus flaviatus) amakhulupirira kuti ndiye womaliza wotsalira m'banja laling'ono lakale la Sthenurinae, ndipo ngakhale kale anali wofala kwambiri kumwera kwa Australia, madera omwe alipo pakadali pano ali pazilumba ziwiri pagombe la Western Australia zomwe zilibe nyama zolusa. Tsoka ilo, mitundu ina khoma anafa kwathunthu. Kalulu wakum'mawa wa kangaroo, kachigawo kakang'ono kotchedwa wallaby, ndi mitundu iwiri yomwe yatha kuyambira pomwe amakhala ku Europe.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 05.04.2019
Tsiku losintha: 19.09.2019 ku 13:32
