Fisi wamizere - chilombo cha kukula osati lalikulu kwambiri. Kukula kwake kuli ngati galu wamba. Nyamayo ndi yosasangalatsa, kapena yokongola, kapenanso yokongola. Chifukwa chakufota kwambiri, mutu wotsitsa komanso kulumpha, umafanana ndi mtanda pakati pa nkhandwe ndi nguluwe. Fisi wamizeremizere samapanga mapaketi, amakhala awiriawiri, amabweretsa ana agalu atatu. Fisi wamizeremizere amakonda kudya usiku. Ntchito imagwera madzulo ndi usiku. Masana, afisi amagona.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Fisi wamizere
Hyaena hyaena ndi nyama yoyamwa nyama ya fisi. Ndi a banja la a Hyaenidae. Mitunduyi imasiyana mosiyana. Pali kusiyana pang'ono pakukula, mtundu ndi malaya.
Kwenikweni amagawidwa ndi malo okhala:
- Hyaena hyaena hyaena amapezeka kwambiri ku India.
- Hyaena hyaena barbara akuyimiridwa bwino kumadzulo kwa North Africa.
- Hyaena hyaena dubbah - amakhala m'madera akumpoto kwa East Africa. Kugawidwa ku Kenya.
- Hyaena hyaena sultana - wofala ku Arabia Peninsula.
- Hyaena hyaena syriaca - Wopezeka ku Israel ndi Syria, wodziwika ku Asia Minor, pang'ono ku Caucasus.
Chosangalatsa: Fisi wamizeremizere amawoneka ngati nyama zinayi nthawi imodzi: nkhandwe, nkhumba zakutchire, nyani ndi kambuku. Dzinalo linaperekedwa ndi Agiriki akale. Poona kufanana kwa nkhumba yakutchire, adatcha nyama yolusa. Nkhope yosalala ya afisi amafanana ndi nkhope ya nyani, mikwingwirima yopingasa imafanana ndi kambuku.
Anthu ochokera kumayiko osiyanasiyana omwe amakhala kumayiko osiyanasiyana adanenanso za fisi chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake achilendo. Ziphiphiritso za afisi akadali ngati zithumwa kwa mafuko ambiri aku Africa. Fisi amadziwika kuti ndi nyama ya totem. Amalemekezedwa ngati oteteza mafuko, mabanja, komanso mabanja.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Fisi wamizeremizere ya nyama
Fisi wamizeremizere, mosiyana ndi abale ake, samatulutsa kulira kwatsokomola, sikulira. Itha kusiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu ina ndi khutu. Zimapanga mawu akuthwa kwambiri, kubuula ndi kung'ung'udza. Ili ndi malo otsetsereka, ngati thupi lotsika. Miyendo yakutsogolo ya chilombocho ndi yayitali kwambiri kuposa miyendo yakumbuyo. Pakhosi lalitali pamakhala mutu wawukulu, wotakata wokhala ndi pakamwa pobowoka ndi maso akulu. Makutu sali ofanana ndi mutu. Amawunikidwa ndimakona atatu akuda.
Kanema: Fisi wamizere
Afisi okhala ndi mikwingwirima amakhala ndi chovala chansalu chitalitali chokhala ndi utoto waimvi pakhosi lawo lalitali komanso kumbuyo kwawo. Mtunduwo ndi wotuwa wachikaso ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yakuthupi mthupi ndi mikwingwirima yopingasa pamapazi. Mwa fisi wamkulu wamizeremizere, kutalika kuchokera kumutu mpaka kumunsi kwa mchira kumafika masentimita 120, mchira - masentimita 35. Mkazi amatha kulemera mpaka makilogalamu 35, wamwamuna mpaka 40 kg.
Fisi ali ndi mano olimba komanso minofu ya nsagwada yotukuka. Izi zimathandiza kuti nyamayo ithe kulimbana ndi mafupa olimba a nyama zazikulu monga giraffe, chipembere, njovu.
Chosangalatsa: Afisi azimayi amasiyanitsidwa ndi zikhalidwe zabodza zogonana. Ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi amuna. Kwa nthawi yayitali amakhulupirira kuti fisi ndi hermaphrodite. Mfundo ina mu piggy banki wa nyamatsenga lanthano. M'nthano ndi nthano, fisi amapatsidwa kuthekera kosintha kugonana.
Akazi ndi okulirapo, ngakhale opepuka kulemera. Amakhala okwiya kwambiri ndipo, chifukwa chake, amakhala achangu kwambiri. Afisi a mikwingwirima amakhala nawo ndipo nthawi zina amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Mkazi nthawi zonse amakhala mtsogoleri. M'chilengedwe chake, nthawi yayitali ya nyama yolusa nthawi zambiri imakhala zaka 10-15. Kumalo osungira nyama zakutchire ndi kumalo osungira nyama, fisi amakhala ndi moyo zaka 25.
Fisi wamizere amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Fisi Wofiira Wofiira
Fisi wamizere pakadali pano ndi mitundu yokhayo yomwe imapezeka ngakhale kunja kwa Africa. Amapezeka m'maiko a Central Asia, Middle East ndi India. Afisi amakhala ku Morocco, kugombe lakumpoto kwa Algeria, kumpoto kwa Sahara.
Chosangalatsa: Fisi samakhazikika m'malo omwe amakhala ndi chipale chofewa kwanthawi yayitali. Komabe, afisi wamizeremizere amatha kukhala m'malo omwe nyengo yake imakhala yozizira nyengo yokwanira masiku 80 mpaka 120 pomwe kutentha kumatsika mpaka 20 ° C.
Ndi nyama zotentha kwambiri zomwe zimakonda nyengo yotentha komanso youma. Amatha kukhala m'malo ouma opanda madzi pang'ono. Fisi wamizeremizere amakonda kukhala m'malo otseguka, ouma kwambiri. Awa ndi madera ovuta, nkhalango za mthethe ndi zitsamba, madera ouma ndi zipululu. M'madera amapiri, afisi amizere amatha kuwoneka mpaka 3300 m pamwamba pamadzi.
Kumpoto kwa Africa, afisi amizere amakonda kukonda nkhalango zotseguka komanso madera amapiri okhala ndi mitengo yobalalika.
Zosangalatsa: Ngakhale imalekerera chilala, afisi samakhazikika m'zipululu. Nyama zimafuna kumwa mosalekeza. Pamaso pa madzi, zidadziwika kuti afisi nthawi zonse amayandikira akasupe kuti akamwetse.
Mabowo olowera m dzenje la njere yamizeremizere amakhala ndi masentimita 60 mpaka 75. Kuya kwake kuli mpaka mamita 5. Ili ndi dzenje lokhala ndi khonde laling'ono. Pali nthawi zina pomwe afisi amizere adakumba mphanga mpaka 27-30 mita kutalika.
Kodi fisi wamizeremizere amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Fisi wamizere
Fisi wamizeremizere ndiwombankhanga wa nyama zakutchire ndi ziweto. Zakudyazo zimadalira malo okhala ndi nyama zomwe zimayimiridwamo. Zakudyazi zimadalira zotsalira za nyama zomwe zidaphedwa ndi nyama zikuluzikulu zodya nyama monga fisi kapena mbalame zazikulu monga kambuku, mkango, nyalugwe ndi kambuku.
Chofunkha cha fisi wamizeremizere chimatha kukhala nyama zoweta. Kutsatira gulu la ziweto zoweta msipu, afisi amayenda pofunafuna odwala ndi ovulala, akuchita zinthu mwadongosolo. Mtunduwu nthawi zambiri umakayikiridwa kuti umapha ziweto ndikusaka nyama yayikulu. Palibe umboni wochepa pazongoganiza izi. Kafukufuku wazidutswa zamfupa, tsitsi, ndi ndowe m'chigawo chapakati cha Kenya asonyeza kuti afisi amizeremizere amadyetsanso nyama zazing'ono komanso mbalame.
Zosangalatsa: Fisi amakonda akamba. Ndi nsagwada zawo zamphamvu, amatha kuthyola zipolopolo. Chifukwa cha mano awo olimba komanso minofu ya nsagwada yotseguka bwino, afisi amathanso kuthyola ndikupukuta mafupa.
Zakudyazi zimakwaniritsidwa ndi masamba, zipatso ndi nyama zopanda mafupa. Zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zimatha kukhala gawo lalikulu la chakudya chawo. Nyama zimatha kukhala ndi moyo bwinobwino ngakhale zitakhala zochepa, ngakhale madzi amchere. Zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba monga mavwende ndi nkhaka nthawi zambiri amadyedwa m'malo mwa madzi.
Pofunafuna chakudya, afisi amizere amatha kusuntha mtunda wautali. Ku Egypt, magulu ang'onoang'ono azinyama adawonedwa akuyenda limodzi ndi apaulendo pamtunda waulemu ndikupita kuthamanga kwa 8 mpaka 50 km pa ola limodzi. Afisi amayenda chiyembekezo chodyedwa ngati nyama zakugwa: ngamila ndi nyulu. Amakonda kudya afisi usiku. Kupatula nyengo yamvula kapena nyengo yamvula.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Fisi wamizeremizere ya nyama
Moyo, zizolowezi ndi zizolowezi za afisi amizere zimasiyana malinga ndi malo okhala. Ku Central Asia, afisi amakhala mochuluka, awiriawiri. Ana a chaka chatha amakhalabe m'mabanja. Amathandizira kusamalira ndowe zomwe zangobadwa kumene. Zolumikizana pabanja zimasungidwa pamoyo wawo wonse.
Ku Central Kenya, afisi amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Awa ndi akazi, pomwe yamphongo imodzi imakhala ndi akazi angapo. Nthawi zina akazi amakhala limodzi. Awa ndi magulu a anthu atatu komanso kupitilira apo. Nthawi zina akazi sagwirizana, amakhala mosiyana.
Ku Israeli, afisi amakhala okha. M'malo momwe afisi amizere amakhala m'magulu, chikhalidwe chawo chimapangidwa mwanjira yoti amuna azilamulira. Afisi amatsekemera kudera lawo ndikutulutsa zimbudzi za kumatako ndipo amachepa.
Fisi wamizeremizere amakhulupirira kuti ndi nyama yomwe imayenda usiku. Komabe, makamera otchera amalemba fisi wamizeremizere masana m'malo omwe anthu sangathe kufikako.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Fisi wamizere yaana
Afisi azimayi okhala ndi mizere amakhala akutentha kangapo pachaka, kuwapangitsa kukhala achonde kwambiri. Fisi amabala ana kwa miyezi itatu. Asanabadwe, mayi woyembekezera amayang'ana dzenje kapena kudzikumba yekha. Pafupifupi, ana agalu atatu amabadwira mu zinyalala, osakhala amodzi kapena anayi. Ana afisi amabadwa akhungu, kulemera kwawo kuli pafupifupi magalamu 700. Pambuyo masiku asanu mpaka asanu ndi anayi, maso ndi makutu onse amatseguka.
Pafupifupi mwezi umodzi, ana agalu amatha kudya ndi kupukusa chakudya chotafuna. Koma mkaziyo, monga lamulo, amapitiliza kuwadyetsa mkaka mpaka atakwanitsa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena chaka chimodzi. Kukula msinkhu kwa afisi amizeremizere kumachitika pakatha chaka chimodzi, ndipo amatha kubweretsa zinyalala zawo koyambirira kwa miyezi 15-18. Komabe, pakuchita, afisi amabereka koyamba pa miyezi 24-27.
Azimayi okha ndi omwe amasamalira ana. Fisi wamwamuna sawonekeranso m'phanga. Asayansi ayesa mipando iwiri m'chipululu cha Karakum. Kutalika kwa mabowo awo olowera kunali masentimita 67 ndi masentimita 72. Mabowo adapita mobisa mpaka kuzama kwa 3 ndi 2.5 mita, ndipo kutalika kwake kudafika 4.15 ndi 5 mita, motsatana. Phanga lililonse ndi malo amodzi opanda "zipinda" ndi nthambi.
Nthawi yomweyo, malo okhala afisi omwe amapezeka ku Israeli amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe ovuta kwambiri komanso otalika kwambiri - mpaka 27 m.
Natural adani a milozo fisi
Chithunzi: Fisi wamizere yochokera mu Red Book
Kumtchire, fisi wamizeremizere amakhala ndi adani ochepa. Sali mdani wamkulu wazilombo zilizonse zomwe zimakhala mdera lomwelo.
Izi ndichifukwa cha zizolowezi za afisi:
- Fisi amakhala kwayekha kwambiri, osakakamira pagulu;
- Amasaka chakudya makamaka usiku;
- Ikakumana ndi zilombo zazikulu, imakhala mtunda wosachepera 50 metres;
- Imayenda pang'onopang'ono, mozungulira.
Izi sizitanthauza kuti fisi alibe mkangano ndi nyama zina konse. Nthawi zina afisi amayenera kumenyana ndi akambuku ndi akambuku kuti awathamangitse ku chakudya. Koma izi ndizomwe zimachitika kamodzi zomwe sizipangitsa nyama zowononga nyama kukhala adani achilengedwe a afisi.
Tsoka ilo, izi sizinganenedwe za anthu. Afisi amizere amakhala ndi mbiri yoyipa. Amakhulupirira kuti amalimbana ndi ziweto ngakhale kuwononga manda. Ndiye chifukwa chake anthu okhala m'malo afisi amawona ngati adani ndipo amayesetsa kuwawononga nthawi yoyamba. Kuphatikiza apo, afisi amizeremizere nthawi zambiri amaphedwa.
Ku North Africa, anthu ambiri amavomereza kuti ziwalo zamkati mwa fisi zimatha kuchiritsa matenda osiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, chiwindi cha afisi kwayesedwa kale kuchiza matenda amaso. Amakhulupiliranso kuti khungu la njoka yamizeremizere limatha kuteteza mbewu ku imfa. Zonsezi zimabweretsa kuti afisi anapha akukhala chinthu chotentha pamsika wakuda. Kupha nyama zafisi kumachitika makamaka ku Morocco.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Fisi wamizere wamkazi
Palibe chidziwitso chenicheni cha kuchuluka kwa afisi. Izi ndichifukwa choti afisi amizeremizere, mosiyana ndi omwe ali ndi mawanga, si nyama yochezeka. Tikhoza kunena kuti ngakhale kuli kwakutali kwambiri, afisi amizere kudera lililonse amakhala ochepa.
Malo akulu kwambiri omwe afisi amizere awonekerapo ali ku Middle East. Anthu opulumuka apulumuka ku Kruger National Park ku South Africa komanso ku Kalahari Desert.
Mu 2008, International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources idalemba afisi amizeremizere ngati nyama yomwe ili pachiwopsezo. Afisi amizeremizere nawonso akuphatikizidwa mu International Red Book. Chifukwa chophatikizira ndichinthu chankhanza cha anthu. Kudana ndi afisi kwazaka mazana ambiri kwawapangitsa kukhala adani a anthu aku North Africa, India ndi Caucasus.
Kuphatikiza apo, afisi amakhala m'malo osungira nyama padziko lonse lapansi, mwachitsanzo, ku Moscow, likulu la Egypt, Cairo, American Fort Worth, Olmen (Belgium) ndi malo ena ambiri. Fisi wamizeremizonso ankakhala ku Tbilisi Zoo, koma, mwatsoka, nyamayo idamwalira mu 2015, kusefukira kwamadzi ku Georgia.
Milozi yafisi mlonda
Chithunzi: Fisi Wofiira Wofiira
Fisi wamizeremizere amadziwika kuti ndi nyama yomwe ili pafupi ndi nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha. Inaphatikizidwa mu International Red Book mu 2008, komanso mu Red Book of the Russian Federation - mu 2017.
Pofuna kuteteza kuchuluka kwa anthu, afisi amizeremizere amasungidwa m'malo osungidwa ndi malo osungira nyama. Lero, nyama iyi imapezeka m'mapaki aku Africa - mwachitsanzo, ku Masai Mara (Kenya) ndi Kruger (South Africa). Fisi amakhala m'dera losungidwa ndi Badkhyz (Turkmenistan) komanso m'malo otetezedwa a Uzbekistan.
Ali mu ukapolo, nthawi yayitali ya afisi imawirikiza kawiri chifukwa cha chisamaliro ndi kuyang'aniridwa ndi akatswiri azachipatala. M'malo osungira nyama, afisi amaswana, koma anthu nthawi zambiri amayenera kudyetsa ana agalu. Chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa pogona, afisi wamkazi amakoka ana ake nthawi zonse ndipo amatha kuwapha.
Kutchire, choopsa chachikulu kwa afisi amizeremizere ndi kupha nyama mopanda nyama. Ndizofala makamaka ku Africa. M'mayiko aku Africa, zilango zankhanza zalandiridwa chifukwa chakusaka kosaloledwa. Malo okhala afisi nthawi zonse amayang'aniridwa ndi magulu ankhondo okhala ndi zida. Kuphatikiza apo, afisi nthawi ndi nthawi amagwidwa ndipo, akawakhazika mtima pansi ndi zidendene, amaikapo tchipisi. Ndi chithandizo chawo, mutha kutsata kayendedwe ka nyama.
Fisi wamizere Ndi chiwombankhanga chokhala ndi ziwombankhanga zokhala ndi zizolowezi zosangalatsa ndimakhalidwe. Mbiri yoyipa ya afisi makamaka imazikidwa pazikhulupiriro komanso mawonekedwe ake achilendo. Mwambiri, iyi ndi nyama yochenjera kwambiri komanso yamtendere, yomwe ndi mtundu wadongosolo kuthengo.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 24.03.2019
Tsiku losintha: 09/18/2019 ku 22:17
