Ofufuza aku Europe omwe adayendera nkhalango za New World m'zaka za zana la 16 adawona kufanana kwa ziphuphu zaubweya wofiirira ndi zotupa zapadera pamutu wa anyani am'deralo kwa amonke a ku Capuchin atavala mikanjo yofiirira yokhala ndi zisoti zazikulu. Ichi ndichifukwa chake adawapatsa dzina - Capuchin.
Ogaya ziwalo za Victoria anali ndi anyani a Capuchin omwe adavina ndikutolera ndalama. Tsopano nyama izi zokhala ndi nkhope zokongola ndi ma antics osangalatsa zimawoneka m'mitundu yonse ya makanema ndi makanema, monga Pirates of the Caribbean. Koma capuchin wotchuka kwambiri ndi Marcel, nyani wokondedwa wa Ross kuchokera ku Amzanga.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Capuchin
Pali mitundu inayi ya anyani a New World: Cebidae, Aotidae, Pitheciidae, ndi Atelidae. Zonse ndizosiyana pang'ono pamitundu yazinyama za ku Old World, koma chosiyana kwambiri ndi mphuno. Ntchitoyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito posiyanitsa magulu awiri. Dzinalo la asayansi anyani a New World, Platyrrhini, limatanthawuza mphuno mosabisa. Mphuno zawo ndizosalala, ndi mphuno yolunjika mbali, mosiyana ndi mphuno zopapatiza za anyani akale.
Anyani ambiri aku America amakhala ndi mchira wautali komanso wotsogola. Izi ndi nyama zazing'ono, mitundu yaying'ono - amakhala mumitengo, ndipo usiku amakhala otakataka usiku. Mosiyana ndi anyani ambiri ku Old World, anyani ambiri aku America amapanga awiriawiri okhaokha ndipo amawonetsa chidwi cha makolo kwa achinyamata.
Kanema: Capuchin
Dzina la sayansi la mtundu wotchedwa Capuchin mu Latin Cebus. Amachokera ku liwu lachi Greek kêbos, lotanthauza nyani wa mchira wautali. Ndi mtundu womwe wagwirizanitsa pafupifupi ma subspecies makumi atatu, m'magulu anayi. Ili m'banja la Cebidae (cholumikizidwa ndi unyolo), chomwe chimakhala ndi magulu awiri - ma saimir ndi ma capuchin ndipo ndi mitundu yayikulu.
Mitundu yamitundumitundu ya mtundu womwewo imakhalabe yotsutsana kwambiri, ndipo njira zina zofufuzira zikuwonetsa mtundu watsopano.
Mu 2011, a Jessica Lynch Alfaro adapempha kuti ma Capuchins olimba (omwe kale anali gulu la C. apella) asankhidwe ngati gulu lapadera, Sapajus. M'mbuyomu, anali m'gulu la ma capuchins okoma mtima (C. capucinus). Malinga ndi kafukufuku wamtundu wopangidwa ndi Lynch Alfaro, a Capuchins okoma (olimba) ndi olimba (olimba) adasunthika pakukula kwawo zaka 6.2 miliyoni zapitazo.
Kusiyanaku kuyenera kuti kudachitika chifukwa cha kupangika kwa Mtsinje wa Amazon, womwe udasiyanitsa anyani kumpoto kwa mtsinjewo, womwe udasandulika kukhala a Capuchins okoma mtima, kuchokera ku anyani omwe ali ku Atlantic Forest kumwera kwa mtsinjewo, womwe udasandulika ma Capuchins olimba.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Animal Capuchin
Anyani agile ndi oonda a capuchin amalemera makilogalamu 1.36 - 4.9 okha. Ubweyawo umasiyana ndi mitundu ndi mitundu, koma anyani ambiri mgululi amatha kuwoneka ndi zonona kapena zowala pang'ono kuzungulira nkhope, khosi ndi mapewa (mtundu wawo weniweni ndi kapangidwe kake zimadalira mtunduwo). Thupi lonse ndi lofiirira komanso lakuda.
Kumbuyo kwa Capuchin, tsitsili ndi lalifupi komanso lakuda kuposa mbali zina za thupi. Nkhope yokongola ya nyani iyi imakhala yoyera mpaka pinki. Kutalika kwa mchira kumafanana ndi kutalika kwa thupi lonse. Imakutidwa ndi ubweya ndipo imatha kupota mozungulira nthambi za zomera. Nyani izi ndizoyenda mozungulira, zolimba komanso zomangidwa mopindika. Thupi limafika kutalika kwa 30-55 cm.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti! Anyani a ku Capuchin amatchulidwa chifukwa amaoneka ngati amonke a ku Spain otchedwa Capuchin ndi nkhope zawo zoyera ndi mikanjo yakuda ndi mitu pamutu pawo.
Anyani a Capuchin ndi ochepa poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina. Amakhala kuthengo kwa zaka 10 mpaka 25, ngakhale ali mu ukapolo atha kukhala zaka 45. Mchira wawo wautali, wotsogola ndi zala zazikulu za m'manja zimawathandiza kukhala pamwamba pa nthambi za nkhalango yamvula. Mchira umakhala ngati gawo lachisanu - wogwira panthambi ndikuthandizira poyenda pamitengo. Zala zawo zazikulu zimawathandiza pantchito zambiri za tsiku ndi tsiku, kuyambira kukagula chakudya mpaka kudzisamalira.
Nyani wamkulu wamwamuna ndiye mtsogoleri wa gululi. Ayenera kuteteza madera ake ndi mamembala ake kuchokera kuzilombo ndi anyani a m'magulu ena. Mbali inayi, mtsogoleri amakhala wokwatirana ndipo nthawi zonse amadya kaye.
Kodi capuchin amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Nyani ya Capuchin
Ma Capuchins amapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana, kuyambira nkhalango zam'malo otentha mpaka kutsika, kuchokera ku chinyezi mpaka nyengo zowuma. Amapezeka kumayiko ambiri ndi zisumbu ku South America ndi ku Caribbean.
Dera lomwe akukhalamo limaphatikizapo:
- Honduras. Kudera lalikulu m'dera lotentha;
- Brazil. M'nkhalango zam'madzi mbali zonse za Amazon;
- Peru. Kum'mawa kwa dzikolo;
- Paraguay. Kudera lotentha ladzikoli;
- Colombia. M'madera ambiri;
- Costa Rica. Ku gombe lotentha;
- Panama. M'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso m'nkhalango zotentha za m'chigawo chapakati;
- Argentina. Amapezeka kumadera akum'mawa ndi kumadzulo kwa dzikolo.
Ku Central America ndi ku Caribbean, amapezeka m'nkhalango zowirira kwambiri, ndipo pagombe la Pacific, amapezeka m'nkhalango zowuma. Ma Capuchins amadziwika kuti amatha kusintha msanga kuwukiridwa ndi anthu ndipo amakula bwino kwambiri kuposa anyani ambiri anyani amomwemo. Koma kwa iwo, madera abwino kwambiri ndi masamba obisalira pamitengo, yomwe imawapatsa malo ogona, chakudya, mayendedwe otetezeka komanso malo ogona otetezeka.
Pafupifupi, anyani amodzi amayenda mpaka 3.5 km patsiku mdera lawo. Nthawi zambiri mtundu umodzi wamtundu umodzi umakhala ndi mahekitala 50-100. Anyani a Capuchin nthawi zambiri amasuntha kuchokera pamtengo kupita pamtengo osakhudza pansi.
Kodi capuchin amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Capuchin
A Capuchins amagwirira ntchito limodzi mgulu lawo posonkhanitsa ndikugawa chakudya. Amatenga mitundu yambiri yazakudya zomwe ndizapamwamba kuposa mitundu ina yamtundu wa Cebidae. Amakhala omnivorous ndipo amadya magawo osiyanasiyana azomera monga masamba, maluwa, zipatso, nthanga, mtedza, makungwa amitengo, nzimbe, mababu, masamba ndi ma exudates, komanso tizilombo, akangaude, mazira a mbalame, ngakhale nyama zazing'ono zochepa monga abuluzi ndi zazing'ono makoswe.
A Capuchins awonanso kuti ndiwothandiza kwambiri pogwira achule. Amadziwika kuti ndiopatsa thanzi komanso opatsa chidwi kwambiri chifukwa chokhala ndi zakudya zambiri zomwe sizingachitike zomwe zitha kupangitsa kuti azikhala m'malo omwe alibe zakudya zambiri. Ma Capuchins okhala pafupi ndi madzi amadyanso nkhanu ndi nkhono, ndikuphwanya zipolopolo zawo.
Anyani a Capuchin ndi nyama zanzeru kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana (timitengo, timitengo, miyala) kutsegula zipolopolo, mtedza, mbewu zolimba ndi zipolopolo za molluscs.
Mitundu ina imadziwika kuti imadya mitundu 95 yazomera zosiyanasiyana. Amagwiritsa ntchito miyala kuti athyole mtedza, mbewu, nkhono ndi zina. Monga mitundu ina ya anyani anyani, ma capuchin amathandizira kufalitsa mbewu za mbewu ndi zipatso m'malo awo okhala, ndikuthandizira kukulitsa kusiyanasiyana kwa zamoyo ndikupanganso mbewu.
Ma Capuchin nthawi zonse amafunikira madzi amafunikira madzi. Amatenga madzi kuchokera kulikonse. Amamwa madzi ochokera m'maenje m'mitengo, m'mitsinje ndi madzi ena ndi magwero ena. M'nyengo yadzuwa, amayenera kuyenda maulendo ataliatali tsiku lililonse kupita kumadzi.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Capuchin nyama
A Capuchins nthawi zambiri amakhala m'magulu akulu (mamembala 10 - 35) m'nkhalango, ngakhale amatha kusintha malo okhala ndi anthu. Koma atha kugawidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kuti azisamalidwa, kucheza ndi anzawo komanso kusaka chakudya.
Mitundu yambiri imakhala ndi utsogoleri wolingana, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amuna ndi akazi amakhala ndiulamuliro wawo, koma alpha wamwamuna wa nthawi zonse amalamulira azimayi achikazi. Ali ndi ufulu wokwatira akazi mgulu lake. Komabe, magulu omwe ali ndi mutu woyera amatsogoleredwa ndi alpha wamwamuna komanso wamkazi wa alpha. Gulu lirilonse limakhala ndi gawo lalikulu, popeza am'banja amafunika kuyang'ana madera abwino.
Zosangalatsa! Nyani awa ndi nyama zakutchire zomwe zimafotokoza bwino malo apakati okhalamo ndi mkodzo ndikuziteteza kwa osokoneza.
Kukhazikika kwamphamvu kwamagulu kumachitika kudzera pakukonzekeretsana, ndipo kulumikizana pakati pa anyani kumachitika kudzera pakumveka kosiyanasiyana. Ma Capuchins amatha kudumpha mpaka mamitala atatu ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito luso lawo kuchoka pamtengo wina kupita pamtengo wina. Atakhala obisika pakati pa udzu wa m'nkhalango masana ambiri, anyani a ku Capuchin amagona panthambi ndipo amatsikira kukasaka madzi akumwa.
Kupatula kugona kwawo masana, amakhala tsiku lonse akufunafuna chakudya. Usiku amagona m'mitengo, akufinya pakati pa nthambi. Iwo sakufuna kwenikweni malinga ndi malo awo okhala chifukwa chake amapezeka m'malo osiyanasiyana. Anthu a ku Capuchins ali ndi magawano ovuta, maubale okhalitsa pakati pa amuna ndi akazi, komanso machitidwe abwino, kuwapangitsa kukhala nkhani yochititsa chidwi pazowonera zasayansi.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Capuchin Cub
Ma Capuchins amaswana nthawi iliyonse pachaka, alibe nyengo yapadera yokwanira. Ngakhale ku Central America, kubereka kumachitika nthawi zambiri nthawi yadzuwa komanso nthawi yamvula yoyambirira (Disembala mpaka Epulo). Akazi amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo zambiri ndikukhalitsa amuna amtundu wa alpha. Komabe, mkazi akafika kumapeto kwa nyengo ya bere lake, amatha kukwatirana ndi amuna ena asanu ndi mmodzi tsiku limodzi.
Kulunjika kwa alpha wamwamuna sikuchitika nthawi zonse, chifukwa akazi ena amapezeka kuti akwatirana ndi amuna atatu kapena anayi osiyanasiyana. Mayi wamkazi wa alpha komanso wamkazi wotsika kwambiri akufuna kukwatirana ndi alpha wamwamuna, wamkazi yemwe amakhala wamkulu kwambiri amakhala ndi ufulu wamwamuna poyerekeza ndi wamkazi wotsika kwambiri. Kwawonedwa kuti amuna samakwatirana ndi ana awo aakazi.
Amuna amakodza m'manja ndikuphimba matupi awo ndi mkodzo kuti akonze madera awo kuti akope akazi.
Nthawi yolera imakhala pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi (masiku 160-180). Kubala nthawi zambiri kumakhala kwayekha, koma nthawi zina zimachitika kuti mkazi amabereka ana awiri. Amayi ena amabala pakadutsa chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri. Akazi achichepere amakula msinkhu zaka zitatu kapena zinayi, amuna - zaka 8.
Kuchuluka kwa thupi lawo laling'ono ndi pafupifupi 8.5% poyerekeza ndi kulemera kwa mayiyo. Achinyamata amamatira pachifuwa cha mayi mpaka atakula, kenako amasunthira kumbuyo kwawo. Achinyamata a Capuchins amaphunzira kupulumuka kuchokera kwa achikulire odziwa zambiri. Akuluakulu achimuna a Capuchins samachita nawo gawo posamalira ana. Nyani zokula msinkhu zimasiya gulu lawo zitatha msinkhu.
Adani achilengedwe a a Capuchins
Chithunzi: Nyani ya Capuchin
Kawirikawiri Hawks amaperekeza anyani panjira yawo. A Capuchins, omwe akuwopsezedwa, amayesetsa kukhala atcheru ndi kubisala. Njoka zazikulu ndi ma boas nawonso amakonda kugwira anyani, koma anyani amasamala kwambiri. Atapeza boa constrictor kapena njoka, mamembala a gululo amawonetsa chisangalalo ndikuyesera kuti apume.
Anyani a Capuchin amakhala nthawi yayitali m'mitengo, komwe amatha kupeza chakudya ndi kubisala kwa adani awo.
Ena mwa adani awo achilengedwe ndi awa:
- mabwato;
- nyamazi;
- nkhwangwa;
- ziwombankhanga;
- makoko akulu;
- zofunda;
- njoka;
- jaguarundi;
- mimbulu;
- matayala;
- ng'ona.
Nyama yaikulu ya capuchin yotchedwa crested capuchin ndi chiwombankhanga chotchedwa harpy, chomwe chimawonedwa kuti chimaba anthu ang'onoang'ono ndikupita nawo ku chisa chake. Anyani a ku Capuchin amagwiritsa ntchito mtundu winawake wochenjeza (mluzu wakuthwa) kuti awadziwitse anthu am'maguluwa pakawopsa. Phokoso limamveka nyani akamapatsana moni.
Mitundu yakutsogolo-yoyera imalowetsa zala zawo m'matumba am'mutu wina wa Capuchin, motero kuwonetsa mzimu wochezeka. Ngakhale nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito ziwalo za anzawo kuti amenyetse mdani wamba. Makhalidwewa adakhazikika mu repertoire ya anyani anzeru, koma amasinthanso pafupipafupi.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Animal Capuchin
Ma Capuchin nthawi zina amalanda minda, amawononga mbewu ndipo amawoneka kuti ndi ovuta m'mafamu komanso kwa anthu omwe akupezekapo.
Tsoka ilo, anyani a Capuchin atsika kwambiri chifukwa cha:
- Kusaka kwambiri kwa anthu am'deralo omwe amadya nyama yawo kukhala chakudya;
- Malonda a ziweto;
- Kafukufuku wa sayansi;
- Ndipo mmadera ena, asowa chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo awo.
Maonekedwe oseketsa a Capuchins amalimbikitsa anthu ambiri kukhala nawo monga ziweto. Koma nyamazi ndizovuta kwambiri komanso zakutchire. Amatha kukhala achiwawa, ndichifukwa chake mabungwe ambiri othandizira zanyama amalimbikitsa anthu kuti asawasunge monga ziweto.
Anyani a Capuchin amadziwika kuti ndi anzeru kwambiri kuposa mitundu yonse yaku America ndipo ndiosavuta kuphunzitsa. Chifukwa chake, adayesa kuzigwiritsa ntchito kuthandiza anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a quadriplegia (ziwalo zochepa kapena zathunthu zamiyendo) m'maiko ambiri otukuka. Zawonedwa kuti kuphunzira kwa a Capuchins kumayenderana ndi mphotho, osati chidwi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Pakati pa nyengo ya udzudzu, ma capuchin amathyola ma centipedes ndikuwapaka kumbuyo. Imakhala ngati mankhwala achilengedwe olumidwa ndi tizilombo.
Chifukwa chakuti ali ndi ziweto zambiri komanso malo osinthasintha, kuwonongeka kwa nkhalango sikumakhudza kwambiri anyani a capuchin monga mitundu ina. Pakadali pano, anyani a capuchin sali m'gulu la nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha, ngakhale kugawanika kwa malo kumakhala koopsa.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 03/23/2019
Idasinthidwa: 14.08.2019 pa 12:13
