Ngakhale kuti whale shark ndiye dzina la nsomba yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi, imakhalabe yopanda vuto kwa anthu. Ilibe adani achilengedwe, koma imangoyenda, kuyamwa nsomba zazing'ono ndi zina "fumbi lamoyo".
Kufotokozera kwa whale shark
Whale shark anazindikira ndi ichthyologists posachedwa.... Ikufotokozedwa koyamba mu 1928. Zolemba zake zazikulu nthawi zambiri zimawonedwa ndi asodzi wamba, komwe kumafalikira nthano za chilombo chachikulu chakunyanja. Mboni zingapo zowona zidamufotokozera modabwitsa komanso mopanda mawonekedwe, osadziwa nkomwe za vuto lake, mphwayi ndi chikhalidwe chake.
Mtundu wa nsombazi umakhala waukulu kwambiri. Kutalika kwa whale shark kumatha kufikira mamita 20, ndipo kulemera kwake kumafika matani 34. Ichi ndiye chitsanzo chachikulu kwambiri chomwe chidatengedwa kumapeto kwa zaka zapitazo. Kukula kwapakati pa whale shark kumakhala pakati pa 11-12 mita, ndikulemera pafupifupi matani 12-13.5.
Maonekedwe
Ngakhale kukula kwakukulu kotere, kusankha dzina kumakhudzidwa ndi kapangidwe kamkamwa mwake, osati kukula kwake. Mfundoyi ndi komwe kamwa ili ndi mawonekedwe ake. Pakamwa pa whale shark amapezeka bwino pakatikati pa mphutsi, osati pansi, monga mitundu ina yambiri ya nsombazi. Iye ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi anzake. Chifukwa chake, whale shark wapatsidwa banja lapadera ndi gulu lake, lopangidwa ndi mtundu umodzi, dzina lake ndi Rhincodon typus.
Ngakhale ili ndi thupi lochititsa chidwi chonchi, chinyama sichitha kudzitama ndi mano amphamvu komanso akulu. Mano ndi ochepa kwambiri, osafika kutalika kwa 0,6 mm. Zili m'mizere 300-350. Onsewa ali ndi mano ang'onoang'ono pafupifupi 15,000. Amatseka zakudya zazing'ono pakamwa, zomwe pambuyo pake zimalowa mu fyuluta, yomwe imakhala ndi mbale 20 zama cartilaginous.
Zofunika!Mtundu uwu uli ndi mapheya asanu amphongo ndi maso ochepa. Mwa munthu wamkulu, kukula kwake sikupitilira mpira wa tenisi. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti mawonekedwe a ziwalo zowonekera sizitanthauza kupezeka kwa chikope chotero. Pakakhala ngozi yomwe ikuyandikira, kuti asawonongeke, nsombazi zimatha kubisa diso pozikoka m'mutu ndikudziphimba ndi khola lachikopa.
Thupi la whale shark limakulirakulira kulunjika kuchokera kumutu mpaka kumbuyo kwa msana, ndikupanga malo okwezeka mopepuka pang'ono. Pambuyo pa gawo ili, kuzungulira kwa thupi kumatsikira kumchira komweko. Shaki ili ndi zipsepse ziwiri zakuthambo, zomwe zimasamukira kumbuyo kumchira. Imene ili pafupi kwambiri ndi tsinde la thupi imawoneka ngati kanyumba kakang'ono kotchedwa isosceles ndipo ndi yayikulu kukula, yachiwiri ndi yaying'ono ndipo ili patsogolo pang'ono kumchira. Mchira wa mchira uli ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino, mawonekedwe a nsomba zonse, ndi tsamba lakuthwa lalitali kamodzi ndi theka.
Mitundu yawo ndi imvi ndipo imakhala ndi madontho abuluu komanso bulauni. Mimba mwa shaki ndi kirimu kapena mtundu woyera. Thupi mungaone mikwingwirima ndi mawanga a mtundu wachikasu. Nthawi zambiri amakonzedwa mwadongosolo loyenera, mikwingwirima imasinthasintha ndi mawanga. Zipsepse za pectoral ndi mutu zilinso ndi mawanga, koma zimapezeka mwachisawawa. Alipo ambiri, koma ndi ochepa. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, mtundu pakhungu la shaki iliyonse umakhalabe wosasintha ndipo sungasinthe ndi zaka, zomwe zimathandizira kutsatira kuchuluka kwa anthu.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, pakutsata ichthyologists, zida zofufuzira zakuthambo zimathandiza. Pali zida zapadera zomwe ntchito yawo ndikufanizira ndikufanizira zithunzi zakuthambo, izi zimathandizira kuzindikira ngakhale kusiyanasiyana pang'ono komwe kuli zakuthambo. Amathandiziranso kuthana ndi malo omwe pali whale shark, mosiyanitsa mosiyanitsa wina ndi mnzake.
Khungu lawo limatha kukhala pafupifupi masentimita 10, kupewetsa tizirombo tating'onoting'ono kusokoneza nsombazi.... Ndipo mafuta osanjikiza amakhala pafupifupi masentimita 20. Khungu limaphimbidwa ndimatenda angapo ofanana ndi mano. Awa ndi masikelo a whale shark, obisika pakatikati pa khungu; pamwamba pake, nsonga za mbale zokha, zakuthwa ngati malezala ang'onoang'ono, ndizomwe zimawoneka, ndikupanga gawo loteteza kwambiri. Pamimba, mbali ndi kumbuyo, masikelo amasiyana mosiyanasiyana, ndikupanga chitetezo chosiyana. Zowopsa kwambiri zimakhala ndi nsonga yokhotakhota ndipo ili kumbuyo kwa nyama.
Mbali, kuti zikwaniritse mawonekedwe a hydrodynamic, zimaphimbidwa ndi masikelo osakula bwino. Pamimba, khungu la whale shark limakhala lochepera kwambiri kuposa gawo lalikulu. Ndicho chifukwa chake, poyandikira anthu osiyanasiyana ofuna chidwi, nyamayo imatembenukira kumbuyo, ndiye kuti, gawo lotetezedwa mwachilengedwe kwambiri. Ponena za kachulukidwe, masikelo amatha kufananizidwa ndi mano a shark, omwe amaperekedwa ndi chovala chapadera cha chinthu chonga enamel - vitrodentin. Zida zankhondozi ndizofala pamitundu yonse ya nsombazi.
Makulidwe a whale shark
Whale shark wamba amakula mpaka mita 12 m'litali, mpaka kufika pakulemera pafupifupi matani 18-19. Kuti muwone m'maganizo mwanu izi, uku ndi kukula kwa basi yasukulu yathunthu. Pakamwa pokha pamatha kufika 1.5 mita m'mimba mwake. Choyimira chachikulu kwambiri chomwe chinagwidwa chinali ndi girth ya 7 mita.
Moyo, machitidwe
Whale shark ndi nyama yochedwa kuchepa komanso yamtendere. Ndiwo "mayendedwe apanyanja" ndipo zochepa ndizodziwika pamoyo wawo. Kwa moyo wawo wonse, amasambira mosadziwika, nthawi zina amatuluka m'miyala ya coral. Nthawi zambiri, kuzama kwa kumiza kwawo sikupitilira mamita 72, amakonda kukhala pafupi kwambiri ndi madzi. Nsombazi sizingayendetsedwe; sizingachedwetse kapena kuimitsa chifukwa chakusowa kwa chikhodzodzo ndi zina zomwe zimapangidwa ndi oxygen. Zotsatira zake, nthawi zambiri amamuvulaza, ndikumenya zombo zomwe zimadutsa.
Ndizosangalatsa!Koma nthawi yomweyo, kuthekera kwawo kumapita patsogolo kwambiri. Whale shark imatha kukhala pamalo akuya pafupifupi mita 700, monga mitundu ina yambiri ya nsombazi.
Mukusambira, mitundu ya whale shark, mosiyana ndi ena, imagwiritsa ntchito osati mchira wokha kuyenda, koma magawo awiri mwa atatu amthupi lake. Kufunika kodya chakudya nthawi zonse kumawapangitsa kuti azikhala pafupi ndi sukulu zazing'ono, mwachitsanzo, mackerel. Amakhala pafupifupi nthawi yawo yonse kufunafuna chakudya, amangobwera atangogona kumene, mosasamala nthawi. Amayendayenda nthawi zambiri m'magulu ang'onoang'ono amitu ingapo. Nthawi zina ndimomwe mungaone gulu lalikulu la mitu 100 kapena shaki ikuyenda yokha.
Mu 2009, gulu limodzi la nsomba za whale 420 lidawonedwa m'miyala ya coral, mpaka pano ichi ndiye chodalirika chokha. Mwachiwonekere, mfundo yonse ndikuti mu Ogasiti pagombe la Yucatan pali mackerel caviar wambiri watsopano.
Chaka chilichonse kwa miyezi ingapo, nsombazi zimayamba kuzungulira gombe la Western Australia pafupi ndi dongosolo lalikulu kwambiri lamiyala lomwe limadutsa, Ningaloo. Pafupifupi zolengedwa zonse, kuyambira zazing'ono mpaka zazikulu, zimabwera kudzapeza phindu ndi kubereka kuchokera pagombe la Ningaloo panthawi yomwe miyala yam'madzi ili pachimake.
Utali wamoyo
Pankhani yakufikira kukhwima kwa nsomba za whale, malingaliro a akatswiri amasiyanasiyana. Ena amakhulupirira kuti anthu omwe afika kutalika kwa 8 mita amatha kutengedwa ngati okhwima, ena - 4.5 mita. Zimaganiziridwa kuti chinyama pakadali pano chafika zaka 31-52. Zambiri zokhudza anthu omwe akhala zaka zoposa 150 ndi nthano chabe. Koma 100 ndiye chisonyezero chenicheni cha zaka zana za shark. Chiwerengero chapakati pazaka 70.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Kuyimira malo okhala, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa kuti nsomba za whale zimakhala m'malo omwe chakudya chimakhazikika kuti chikhale ndi moyo.... Amakhalanso ndi nyama zamagetsi, makamaka amasankha malo okhala ndi madzi otentha mpaka 21-25 ° C.
Zofunika!Simudzakumana nawo kumpoto kapena kumwera kwa kufanana kwa 40, nthawi zambiri kumakhala m'mphepete mwa equator. Mitunduyi imapezeka m'madzi a Pacific, Indian ndi Atlantic.
Whale shark nthawi zambiri amakhala nsomba za pelagic, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amakhala kunyanja, koma osati mkatikati mwa nyanja. Whale shark amapezeka m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku South Africa, Central America ndi South America. Nthawi zambiri zimawoneka pafupi ndi gombe pomwe zimadyetsa m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Zakudya za Whale shark
Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pakudyetsa nsomba za whale ndi udindo wawo wodyetsa zosefera. Mano satenga mbali yayikulu pakudyetsa, ndi ochepa kwambiri ndipo amangogwira ntchito yosunga chakudya pakamwa. Whale shark amadya nsomba zazing'ono, makamaka mackerel, ndi ang'onoang'ono a plankton. Whale shark amalima kunyanja, akuyamwa madzi ambiri pamodzi ndi nyama zazing'ono zopatsa thanzi zomwe zimapezeka. Njira yodyetserayi imapezekanso m'mitundu ina iwiri - yayikulu kwambiri komanso yayitali mita pela pela. Komabe, njira iliyonse yodyetsera imakhala ndi kusiyana kwake kwakukulu.
Whale shark imayamwa mwamphamvu m'madzi, kenako chakudyacho chimalowa kudzera pazosefera zotseka pakamwa. Zosefera izi ndizodzaza ndimamilimita otambalala otambalala omwe amakhala ngati sefa, kulola kuti madzi adutse mumitsinje kubwerera kunyanja pomwe amatenga tinthu tambiri tambiri.
Adani achilengedwe
Ngakhale kukula kwa whale shark pakokha sikungaphatikizepo kukhalapo kwa adani achilengedwe. Mtundu uwu uli ndi minofu yabwino, chifukwa cha kuyenda kosalekeza komwe kuli kofunika kwa iyo. Amangoyendayenda pamadzi, ndikupanga liwiro losapitirira 5 km / h. Nthawi yomweyo, chilengedwe chimagwira ntchito mthupi mwa nsombazi chomwe chimalola kuthana ndi kusowa kwa mpweya m'madzi. Kuti zisungidwe zofunikira, nyamayo imalepheretsa kugwira ntchito kwaubongo wina ndipo imatha kubisala. Chosangalatsa china ndikuti nsomba za whale sizimva kuwawa. Thupi lawo limapanga chinthu chapadera chomwe chimatseka zovuta zosasangalatsa.
Kubereka ndi ana
Whale shark ndi nsomba za ovoviviparous cartilaginous... Ngakhale m'mbuyomu amawerengedwa kuti ndi oviparous, popeza mazira a mazira amapezeka m'mimba mwa mayi wapakati yemwe adagwidwa ku Ceylon. Kukula kwa kamwana kamodzi mu kapisozi kumakhala pafupifupi 60 cm kutalika ndi 40 cm mulifupi.
Shark, mamitala 12 kukula kwake, amatha kunyamula mazira mpaka 300 m'mimba mwake. Iliyonse mwa iyo idatsekedwa mu kapisozi komwe kumawoneka ngati dzira. Kutalika kwa shark wakhanda ndi masentimita 35 - 55, kale atangobadwa kumakhala kotheka komanso kodziyimira pawokha. Kuyambira pobadwa, mayi amamupatsa chakudya chochuluka, chomwe chimamupangitsa kuti asayang'ane chakudya kwa nthawi yayitali. Chitsanzo chimadziwika pamene mwana wa shark adachotsedwa mu nsomba zomwe adazigwira, akadali ndi moyo. Anamuyika m'nyanja yamadzi, komwe adapulumuka, ndipo adayamba kudya masiku 16 okha pambuyo pake.
Zofunika!Mimba ya whale shark imatha pafupifupi zaka ziwiri. Pakati pa bere, amasiya gululo.
Ngakhale kafukufuku wotalika wa whale shark (zaka zopitilira 100), zambiri zolondola za kubereka sizinapezeke.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Palibe nsomba zambiri za whale. Ma beacon amaphatikizidwa kuti azitsata kuchuluka kwa anthu ndi njira zoyendera. Chiwerengero cha anthu odziwika chili pafupi ndi 1000. Chiwerengero chenicheni cha asodzi a whale sichikudziwika.
Chiwerengero cha nsomba za whale sichinakhalepo chachikulu, ngakhale kusowa kwa zolondola. Kawirikawiri nsomba za Whale zimakonda kusodza. Kusaka kunali kwa chiwindi ndi nyama yawo yamtengo wapatali, yokhala ndi mafuta amtengo wapatali a shark. Cha m'ma 90s, mayiko angapo adaletsa kugwidwa kwawo. Udindo wotetezedwa wapadziko lonse lapansi wamtunduwu ndiwowopsa. Mpaka 2000, malowo adatchulidwa kuti ndi osatsimikizika chifukwa chazambiri zosakwanira za mitunduyo.
Whale shark ndi munthu
Whale shark samachita chidwi, kulola anthu osiyanasiyana kuti aziyenda misana yawo. Musaope kumezedwa ndi kamwa yake yayikulu. Khola la whale shark limangokhala masentimita 10. Koma kukhala pafupi ndi mchira wake wamphamvu, ndibwino kukhala tcheru. Nyama ikhoza kukumenyani ndi mchira wake mwangozi, yomwe ikapanda kupha, imapundula thupi lamunthu losalimba.
Ndizosangalatsa!Komanso, alendo akuyenera kusamala ndi nsombazo, zomwe zimakhudza nthawi yomwe mumawombera zimatha kuwononga ma mucous akunja omwe amateteza tiziromboti.
Chifukwa chokonda kusambira pafupi pamtunda, komanso pang'onopang'ono komanso kusayenda bwino, whale shark nthawi zambiri imagwera pansi pazombo zonyamula, kuvulala. Mwina amamufuna chifukwa chongofuna kudziwa zambiri.
