Axolotl Ndi chinthu chodabwitsa, chachilendo kwambiri chamoyo. Dzina lina ndi chinjoka cha aquarium. Izi ndichifukwa choti kuchenjera, kulimba mtima komanso kutha msanga kwa nyama nthawi zambiri kumaleredwa ngati anthu okhala m'madzi. Zimayimira gawo lazachimake la chitukuko cha amphibian.
Lero ndi mitundu yosowa kwambiri yomwe ikuopsezedwa kuti ithe. Zinali zamoyo zamtunduwu zomwe zidalimbikitsa opanga makanema kuti apange zithunzi zokongola komanso zowoneka bwino za zimbalangondo, zomwe zimafanana kwenikweni.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Axolotl
The axolotl imawerengedwa kuti ndi chordate amphibian. Ndi woimira dongosolo la amphibian omwe ali ndi tailed, banja la ambistomaceae, mtundu wa axolotls. Nyama iyi ndi ya mitundu ya Ambistoma yaku Mexico. Mtundu uwu, komanso mitundu ina yonse ya ambistom, ndi zolengedwa zodabwitsa zomwe zimadziwika ndi neoteny. Kumasuliridwa kuchokera ku chilankhulo chakale chachi Greek, luso lapaderali limatanthauziridwa kuti "unyamata wopanda malire."
Kutha kwakukulu kwa ma axolotls kumatha kukhala ngati mphutsi m'moyo wawo wonse osasandulika mawonekedwe achikulire. Sadziwika ndi kusintha kwa thupi. Ichi ndi chifukwa cha dongosolo la chithokomiro. Zilibe pafupifupi ayodini, amene amakhala ngati activator a metamorphosis.
Kanema wa Axolotl:
Asayansi ndi ofufuza sakugwirizana chimodzi ndikupanga lingaliro la chiyambi ndi kusinthika kwa ma dinosaurs am'madzi. Amadziwika kuti dzina la amphibiya awa adabwereka kwa Agiriki akale, kapena m'malo mwake ngakhale Aaziteki, omwe amawatcha ankhandwe awa "agalu amadzi".
Malinga ndi nthano ya Aaziteki akale, padali Mulungu wachichepere komanso wokongola kwamuyaya wanyengo padziko lapansi. Dzina lake anali Sholotl. Amadziwika kuti ndi wochenjera, wanzeru, waluso komanso wochenjera. Ndipo tsopano anthu omwe m'masiku akutaliwo amakhala limodzi ndi Amulungu, adatopa ndikuwongolera kwawo mochenjera ndipo adaganiza zomuphunzitsa. Komabe, Mulungu Sholotl anali wochenjera kwambiri kuposa anthu. Adasandulika kukhala axolotl, ndikubisala kwa osafuna kuzama mkatikati mwa nyanja.
Malinga ndi kafukufukuyu, asayansi akuti mtundu uwu wazamoyo umakhala padziko lapansi zaka zopitilira 10 miliyoni zapitazo. Mpaka pano, mitundu iwiri yokha ndi yomwe imapezeka mwachilengedwe: akambuku a tiger ndi Mexico, komanso mitundu iwiri: neotenic, kapena larval, komanso yapadziko lapansi, akuluakulu okhwima ogonana.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kunyumba ya Axolotl
Axolotl ndiye mtundu wa mphutsi wa ambistoma iliyonse. Amagawika m'magulu awiri, chifukwa ndi mitundu iyi yomwe imasiyanitsidwa ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kokhala neoteny. Zambiri zakunja kwa axolotl zimapangitsa kuti ziwoneke ngati chidole, dinosaur yotsitsimutsidwa yocheperako. The salamander ali ndi mutu waukulu poyerekeza ndi thupi. Mbali zonse ziwiri pali tinyanga tating'ono tokhala ndi ma villi. Awa ndi mitsempha yakunja. Amatha kukanikizika motsutsana ndi thupi kapena kukwezedwa.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: Amphibiya awa ali ndi dongosolo lapadera la kupuma. Ali ndi mapapo, monga ziwalo zamkati zopumira, ndi mitsempha, monga yakunja. Izi zimawathandiza kuti azikhala omasuka pamtunda komanso m'madzi.
Thupi limakulitsidwa, pali miyendo ndi mchira. Mafupawa adzasinthidwa ndi minofu ya cartilage. Ndiwofatsa komanso wofewa makamaka kwa achinyamata. Mutu umakulitsidwa komanso kuzungulira. Pakamwa pakatikati, mosabisa kumamwetulira kwamuyaya. Pakamwa pamakhala mano ang'onoang'ono komanso akuthwa. Amagwira ntchito yokonza nyama yomwe wagwidwa. Sali oyenera kutafuna kapena kulekanitsa chakudya. Pamutu pali maso ang'onoang'ono, ozungulira, akuda.
Thupi la newt laling'ono limakhazikika, losalala, lokulirapo komanso lophwatalala pang'ono. Pali mtunda wa kotenga kumbuyo womwe umagwira ngati chimaliziro. Palinso mikwingwirima yopingasa yomwe imawoneka ngati thupilo. Pali magulu awiri amiyendo. Kutsogolo kwa zala zinayi, ndi zala zisanu. Mchira wa chinjoka chamadzi ndiwotalika kwambiri. Zonse pamodzi, ndi thupi, zimapanga ma vertebrae pafupifupi khumi ndi asanu. Gawo la mchira limayenda kwambiri. Kukhoza kumeneku kumathandiza amphibiya kuti aziyenda mwachangu pamadzi.
Kutalika kwa thupi kwa axolotl ndi masentimita 15 mpaka 40. Thupi la thupi ndi masentimita 13-20, kuchuluka kwa munthu m'modzi sikupitilira magalamu 350. Zoyipa zakugonana sizitchulidwa kwambiri. Akazi ndi opepuka pang'ono komanso ocheperako kuposa amuna, komanso amakhala ndi mchira wamfupi. Mtundu wa chinjoka chamadzi umatha kukhala wosiyanasiyana: bulauni, imvi, wobiriwira, umatha kukhala ndi mitundu yonse yazithunzi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana pathupi pake. Komanso, salamander imatha kukhala yowala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kapena yoyera kwathunthu yopanda mawonekedwe ndi mitundu ina.
Kodi axolotl amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Amphibian axolotl
Mumikhalidwe yachilengedwe, ndizosowa kwambiri. Amakhala makamaka m'madzi am'nyanja yaku Mexico a Cholco ndi Xochimailko. Ali ku Mexico City pamtunda wa pafupifupi mamita zikwi ziwiri pamwamba pa nyanja. M'chigawo cha zilumba zotchedwa zoyandama, pali malo okhala bwino kwambiri komanso oswana kwambiri ankhandwe amadzi.
Kuyambira theka lachiwiri la zaka za zana la 19, okhometsa ndalama adayamba kuswana ndi amphibiya kunyumba. Amasungidwa mu ukapolo kokha m'malo am'madzi am'madzi. Kukula kwake kumasankhidwa kutengera kuchuluka kwa anthu. Ngati atsopanowa ali amisinkhu yosiyana, ndibwino kuti muzisunga padera, popeza anthu olimba mtima azikonza ndewu ndikuponderezana, amatenga chakudya kuchokera kwa omwe alibe mphamvu. Pafupifupi, zimbalangondo zazing'ono zamadzi zimayenera kusungidwa moyenera, kuwerengera voliyumu ya malita makumi asanu iliyonse. Zotsatira zake, akamakula, ndikofunikira kupereka malo kwa aliyense wa iwo.
Munthu amene wasankha kukhala ndi salamander kunyumba ayenera kukonzekeretsa nyanjayi m'njira yoti ipangitse zinthu kuyandikira kwambiri zachilengedwe momwe zingathere. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti nyumba, kapena malo ogona, alipo, pansi, ndi nthaka, popanda axolotl sipangakhalepo. Amafunikiranso kuunika kwachilengedwe. Posankha nthaka, ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito mchenga, miyala yaying'ono. Ndi bwino kupereka timiyala, omwe amphibian sangathe kumeza.
Ngati zimbalangondo zingapo zam'madzi zimakhala mu aquarium, ndikofunikira kukonzekeretsa nyumba zingapo ndi pogona kuti aliyense asankhe.
Zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chivundikiro:
- Miphika;
- Miyala yamiyala;
- Mitengo yamatabwa;
- Ceramic wokumba, nyumba zadongo;
- Makokonati odulidwa.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ndi bwino kuyika aquarium kutali ndi gwero la phokoso, komanso kompyuta, TV, ndi kuwala kowala. Onetsetsani kutentha kwakukulu kwa madzi. Njira yoyenera kwambiri ndi madigiri 13-18. Madzi, omwe amatentha mpaka madigiri 20 kapena kupitilira apo, amatha kuyambitsa matenda akulu, ngakhale kufa kwa salamander.
Kodi axolotl amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Axolotl kunyumba
Achinyamata amphibiya amagwiritsa ntchito molluscs ang'onoang'ono, ma crustaceans ndi ma ciliili ena ngati chakudya.
Anthu okhwima amadya mosangalala:
- mphutsi;
- ziphuphu;
- Nkhono;
- mabasiketi;
- chifuwa;
- njoka;
- mamazelo;
- chimbudzi;
- mankhwala;
- nyama;
- nsomba.
Mfundo zofunika. Mukasungidwa m'malo am'madzi a aquarium, sizikulimbikitsidwa kudyetsa zimbalangondo ndi nyama ya amphibian. Chomerachi chimakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri omwe samayamwa ndi dongosolo la kugaya kwa axolotl.
Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu yazakudya yomwe cholinga chake ndi nsomba zodya nyama. M'mikhalidwe yam'madzi am'madzi, iyi ndi njira yovomerezeka kwambiri, chifukwa sikofunikira kuponyera tizilombo m'madzi odyetsa, chifukwa amafunika kutsanzira kusaka. Chakudya chomaliza chimatha kumira pang'onopang'ono mpaka pansi. Chifukwa cha ichi, chinjoka chamadzi chimatha kuyamwa musanalowe pansi. Ngati mumakonda kudyetsa tizilombo tosakhala ndi moyo, ndibwino kuti muzichita izi ndi zopalira, popeza axolotl imagwiritsa ntchito nsagwada zake kukonza chakudya chomwe chimayenda.
Ngati chakudya chigwera pansi pa aquarium, ndipo amphibiya alibe nthawi yoti adye, ndikofunikira kuchichotsa nthawi yomweyo kuti chisadetse aquarium ndikuwononga madzi.
Chakudya chachikulu m'zinthu zachilengedwe ndi zooplankton, nsomba zazing'ono, tizilombo tomwe timakhala m'malo am'madzi. Amatha kupeza miyendo yokwanira, kapena ziwalo zina za thupi la anzawo. Kuti muwapeze, axolotl imasaka. Amasankha malo obisalira kuti abisalire, amatenga kayendedwe ndi kayendedwe ka madzi ndipo, pomwe wovulalayo amayandikira, amamuukira ndikumugwira pakamwa pake.
Kutafuna ndi chinthu chosafunikira kwa amphibiya, chifukwa chake amameza chakudya kwathunthu. Njira yogaya chakudya imatenga masiku angapo. Pakalibe magetsi, zigoba zamadzi zimatha kukhalapo popanda chakudya kwa milungu ingapo, pomwe zimakhala bwino.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nyama ya Axolotl
Axolotl imakonda kukhala m'madzi oyera. Ndi m'madzi otere momwe amapumira makamaka ndiminyewa. Pamtunda kapena m'madzi odetsedwa, mapapo amaphatikizidwa pakupuma, ndipo mitsempha imasiya kugwira ntchito, imatha kuperewera. Ikakhala pamalo abwino, mitsempha imakula ndikumatha kugwira ntchito zake.
Mwachilengedwe, amakonda kukhala moyo wobisika. Amagwira ntchito kwambiri usiku.
Amphibian amakhala odekha komanso osathamanga, ngakhale amatha kuyenda msanga pamadzi, ndikuthamangira miyendo yakutsogolo. Pakusaka, nthawi zonse amasankha malo opindulitsa kwambiri, popeza maso a salamander adakonzedwa mwanjira yoti asawone chilichonse pansi pamlingo wamthupi lawo.
Nthawi zina amatha kumangokhala m'madzi, kutsatira zomwe zikuchitika pano, ndikumakhudza pang'ono mawoko awo. Mchira wautali umagwira ntchito yofunikira pokhalitsa bwino ndikuwongolera mayendedwe.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti. Chilengedwe chapatsa zimbalangondo zamadzi mphamvu yodabwitsa yokonzanso osati ma cell ndi minofu, komanso yotaya michira, ziwalo komanso ziwalo zamkati!
Luso lodabwitsali ladzetsa chidwi pakati pa ofufuza. Axolotl adagwidwa ndi ziwerengero zambiri zofufuzira komanso zoyeserera zingapo zasayansi. Luso limeneli limathandizanso kuti mupeze msanga ndewu, pomwe nyama zimang'ambika miyendo, mchira ndikuwononga kwambiri.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mexico axolotl
Chinjoka chamadzi chimaberekanso bwino mwachilengedwe komanso ndikutsekeredwa m'nyanja. Nyengo yoswana imakhala ndi ubale wapanthawi. Anawo amaswa masika ndi nthawi yophukira. Anthu osiyana amuna kapena akazi omwe ati adzalowe m'banja, mdima utayamba, amakonzekereratu masewera olimbirana. Pambuyo pake, yamphongo imayala spermatophotes pansi. Kenako chachikazi chimazisonkhanitsa ndikuziikira mazira osakwanira, kapena zimawayamwa ndi cloaca. Patatha tsiku limodzi, amafalitsa mazirawo pa zomera zosiyanasiyana zam'madzi, kapena zinthu zopangira kukonza madziwo.
Mumikhalidwe yachilengedwe, nyengo yoswana imayamba ndikutsika kwamadzi.
Patatha milungu iwiri kapena itatu zitayikira mazira, ubwamuna wachichepere, wosawoneka mwachangu. Kunja, zimafanana ndi nsato, kapena tinsomba ting'onoting'ono. Kukula kwawo sikupitilira kukula kwa nsawawa zing'onozing'ono. Kutalika kwawo sikupitilira sentimita imodzi ndi theka, kulibe ma paws. Miyendo siimakulira nthawi yomweyo. Miyendo yakutsogolo imangowonekera patatha masiku 90, miyendo yakumbuyo itadutsa sabata. Mukasungidwa m'malo opangira, mwachangu amafunika kusintha madzi tsiku lililonse, kuwasefa, kuwadyetsa ndi mphutsi zazing'ono, ma virus, nyongolotsi zazing'ono.
Nthawi yotha msinkhu imayamba kufikira miyezi khumi mpaka khumi ndi imodzi. Ndibwino kubereka ana azaka ziwiri kapena zitatu. Anthu opitilira zaka zisanu amabereka moyipa kwambiri. Zaka zapakati pazamoyo zachilengedwe ndi zaka 13-14. Ndi chisamaliro chabwino mu ukapolo, chiyembekezo cha moyo chimakhala pafupifupi kawiri.
Adani achilengedwe a axolotls
Chithunzi: Amphibian axolotl
Zifukwa zambiri zidathandizira kutsika kwa manambala a axolotl. Chimodzi mwazomwezi ndikuwononga malo achilengedwe, kuipitsa magwero amadzi. Kusintha kwa nyengo, kutentha ndi kutentha kwa madzi kumayambitsa imfa ndi matenda ambiri a amphibiya.
Chifukwa chachiwiri chofunikira chochepetsera manambala ndi matenda, omwe salamanders amatengeka kwambiri. Amakonda kudwala matenda akulu kwambiri omwe amayambitsa imfa: ascites, anorexia, matenda amadzimadzi, hypovitaminosis, kutsekeka m'matumbo, kudzimbidwa, ndi zina zambiri.
Munthu watenga gawo lofunikira pamtundu wa anthu. Ambiri mwa amphibiya adagwidwa kuti achite zoyeserera ndi kufufuza zakubwezeretsanso kwa ziwalo ndi ziwalo zotayika. Komanso, zochita za anthu zimathandizira kuwononga zitsime zachilengedwe. Madzi amchere oyera amakhala odetsedwa. Izi zimabweretsa matenda ndi kufa kwa zimbalangondo zam'madzi, chifukwa zimachita mwamphamvu kwambiri pamadzi.
Kuphatikiza apo, nsomba zazikulu komanso zowononga kwambiri zimasaka ma axolotls: telapia, carp. Amadya mochuluka osati ma amphibian okha, komanso mazira awo, omwe alibe nthawi yosintha mwachangu.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Axolotl
Mpaka pano, m'chilengedwe, axolotl sichimachitika. M'gawo la Russian Federation, imapezeka kokha m'malo am'madzi am'madzi. Poyamba, malo amphibiya anali otakata ndithu. Ndiye, kuchuluka kwa ma axolotls kumachepa, gawo la malo awo achilengedwe nalonso linachepa. Mpaka pano, sapezeka kulikonse, kupatula nyanja ziwiri zaku Mexico.
Ofufuza ku Mexico Autonomous University adapanga kuwerengera ndipo adapeza kuti sipadapitirira 800 - 1300. Chiwerengero chenicheni sichikudziwika. Izi zikutanthauza kuti ngati mapulogalamu apadera sanapangidwe kuti apulumutse ndikusunga zamoyo, zitha kutha. Komabe, ofufuzawo akuti mazana zikwi mazana ambiri amakhala bwinobwino ndikuberekana m'malo opangira nyanja.
Kwa zaka 10 zapitazi, ziwombankhanga zam'madzi zatsika kwambiri. Ofufuzawo akuti mu 1998, panali anthu opitilira 5000 pa kilomita imodzi iliyonse yamadzi ku Mexico. Mu 2003, kudalibe anthu opitilira chikwi mdera lomwelo. Mu 2008, kudalibe anthu opitilira zana m'dera lomwelo. Chifukwa chake, chiwerengerochi chatsika koposa 50 m'zaka khumi zokha.
Kuteteza ma axolotls
Chithunzi: Axolotl Red Book
Pazolinga zodzitchinjiriza, zalembedwa mu Red Red Book ndi CITIES. Amphibian apatsidwa udindo wokhala nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha. Asayansi akuti kuti asunge kuchuluka kwa amphibiya, ndikofunikira kupanga malo oti azikuliramo ndi kuweta nyama izi. Mwa njira iyi yokha ndizotheka kusunga mitunduyo ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwake. Mexico Research Institute ikuyesera kupanga paki yotereyi.Kusodza ndikoletsedwa mwalamulo m'chilengedwe.
Akatswiri a zinyama amanena kuti ambiri amphibiya amakhala mu ukapolo. Ngati mungawapangire zinthu zabwino kwambiri, zomwe zili pafupi kwambiri ndi chilengedwe, amakhala omasuka komanso amatha kuberekana. Pofuna kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa zimbalangondo zam'madzi, ogwira ntchito ku Mexico Research Institute adabzala bwino m'malo am'madzi ndikuwatulutsa munyanja. Njira inanso yotetezera ndi kuteteza zidziwitso za omwe akuyimira banja la Ambistomidae ndikuchepetsa kwakukulu kwazomwe zimakhudza chilengedwe chawo. Kutha kwa kuipitsa kwa malo osungira zachilengedwe, malinga ndi asayansi, kumapereka mpata wowonjezeka pang'onopang'ono kwa kuchuluka kwa amphibiya, kuchepa kwa matenda ndi imfa.
Axolotl ndi woimira modabwitsa wa zinyama ndi zinyama, zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha. Imafanana kwenikweni ndi ma dinosaurs omwe adatha zaka mazana ambiri zapitazo. Mtunduwu, komanso nzeru, luso komanso kuchenjera, zimathandizira kuti magawidwe am'madzi am'madzi azigawidwa.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 03/14/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 14.08.2019 pa 11:43
