Chinkhanira chamfumu Ndi imodzi mwamitundu yotchuka kwambiri komanso imodzi mwazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zakale kwambiri zomwe zidatsala. Scorpions akhala ali pa Earth Earth kwa zaka pafupifupi 300 miliyoni, ndipo sanasinthe kwambiri pazaka zapitazi. Mutha kuwayang'ana m'malo awo achilengedwe usiku okha. Pali mitundu yoposa chikwi ya zinkhanira, zonse zomwe ndi zoopsa pamlingo wina kapena wina, koma pafupifupi makumi awiri okha ndi omwe amaluma.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Imperial Scorpion
Scorpion yachifumu (Pandinus imperator) ndiye chinkhanira chachikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kutalika kwake kumakhala pafupifupi 20-21 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi 30 g.Amayi apakati amakhala okulirapo komanso olemera kuposa abale awo. Komabe, mitundu ina ya zinkhanira zam'nkhalango ndiyofanana kukula kwake, ndipo chinkhanira Heterometrus swammerdami ndiye amene amakhala padziko lonse lapansi pakati pa abale ake kutalika (23 cm). Nyama zimakula mofulumira. Makulidwe a moyo wawo amakhala zaka zoposa 8. Amakula msinkhu m'zaka 5-6 (kukula kwa wamkulu).
Zolemba zakale! Mtunduwo udayamba kufotokozedwa ndi KL Koch mu 1842. Pambuyo pake mu 1876, Tamerlane Torell adalongosola ndikuzindikira kuti ndi banja lake lomwe adapeza.
Kenako mtunduwo udagawika m'magulu asanu, koma gawolo mu subgenera tsopano likufunsidwa. Mayina ena wamba a nyama ndi Black Emperor Scorpio ndi African Imperial Scorpio.
Kanema: Emperor Scorpion
Yemwe kholo lawo la ma arachnid onse mwina amafanana ndi ma eurypterids omwe atha tsopano kapena zinkhanira zam'nyanja, nyama zowopsa zam'madzi zomwe zidakhala zaka pafupifupi 350-550 miliyoni zapitazo. Mwa chitsanzo chawo, ndikosavuta kutsatira kusuntha kosintha kuchokera kumadzi kupita kumoyo wapadziko lapansi. Kukhala m'madzi ndi kukhala ndi katsabola, ma eurypterid anali ndi zofanana zambiri ndi zinkhanira zamasiku ano. Mitundu yapadziko lapansi, yofanana ndi zinkhanira zamakono, inalipo nthawi ya Carboniferous.
Zinkhanira zakhala malo apadera m'mbiri ya anthu. Ndi mbali ya nthano za anthu ambiri. Oimira mafuko amatchulidwa mu "Book of the Dead" ku Egypt, Koran, Bible. Nyamayo idawonedwa ngati yopatulika ndi mulungu wamkazi Selket, m'modzi mwa ana aakazi a Ra, woyang'anira dziko lapansi la akufa.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Otentha Chithunzi: Emperor Scorpion
Scorpion yachifumu ndi yakuda buluu kapena yakuda yowala yolowetsedwa ndi mawonekedwe abulauni ndi amiyala m'malo ena. Mbali zoyandikira za thupi zimakhala ndi mzere woyera womwe umayambira kumutu mpaka mchira. Nsonga yake yomwe imadziwika kuti telson ndipo imakhala ndi utoto wofiyira wosiyana ndi mamvedwe athunthu a nyama.
Pambuyo pa kusungunula, zinkhanira izi zimakhala ndi utoto wagolide kuyambira mchira mpaka kumutu, zomwe zimada pang'ono pang'ono, mpaka mtundu wakuda kwambiri, mtundu wachizolowezi wa achikulire.
Zosangalatsa! Emperor scorpors ndi fulorosenti mu kuwala kwa ultraviolet. Amawoneka obiriwira buluu, kulola kuti anthu ndi nyama zina azizindikire ndikuchenjeza.
Zinkhanira zazikulu zimakhala zovuta kusiyanitsa popeza amuna ndi akazi amawoneka ofanana. Zolemba zawo ndizovuta kwambiri. Mbali yakutsogolo ya thupi, kapena prosoma, ili ndi magawo anayi, iliyonse ili ndi miyendo iwiri. Kuseri kwa miyendo iwiri yachinayi kuli nyumba zazitali zotchedwa pectins, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazitali kwambiri kuposa zazimuna. Mchira, wotchedwa metasoma, ndi wautali ndipo umapindika m'mbuyo mthupi lonse. Amathera mu chotengera chachikulu chokhala ndi zotupa za poizoni ndi mbola yosongoka.
Emperor chinkhanira chimatha kuyenda mwachangu kwambiri patali. Akamayenda maulendo ataliatali, amapuma nthawi yambiri yopuma. Monga zinkhanira zambiri, imakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa panthawiyi. Amakonda kukhala usiku ndipo samachoka komwe amabisala masana.
Kodi Emperor chinkhanira amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Black Emperor Scorpion
Emperor scorpion ndi mtundu waku Africa womwe umapezeka m'nkhalango zam'malo otentha, komanso umapezeka ku savannah, pafupi ndi milu ya chiswe.
Malo ake adalembedwa m'maiko angapo aku Africa, kuphatikiza:
- Benin (anthu ochepa kumadzulo kwa dzikolo);
- Burkana Faso (yodziwika kwambiri, pafupifupi kulikonse);
- Cote D'Ivoire (wamba, makamaka m'malo ovuta kufikako);
- Gambia (sikuti ili pamalo oyamba pakati pa nthumwi za zinkhanira za dziko lino);
- Ghana (anthu ambiri amapezeka kumadzulo kwa dzikolo);
- Guinea (yofalikira kulikonse);
- Guinea-Bissau (amapezeka pang'ono);
- Togo (amalemekezedwa ndi anthu am'deralo ngati mulungu);
- Liberia (yomwe imapezeka m'malo omata achinyezi akumadzulo ndi pakati);
- Mali (anthu okhala ndi chinkhanira chamfumu agawidwa mdziko lonse);
- Nigeria (mtundu wamba pakati pa nyama zakomweko);
- Senegal (anthu ochepa omwe alipo);
- Sierra Lyone (madera akuluakulu amapezeka m'nkhalango zam'mawa);
- Cameroon (yofala kwambiri pakati pa zinyama).
Emperor scorpion amakhala mumitsinje yakuya pansi panthaka, pansi pamiyala, zinyalala zamitengo ndi zinyalala zina zamnkhalango, komanso milu ya chiswe. Pectins ndi mphamvu zomwe zimathandizira kudziwa komwe ali. Mitunduyi imakonda chinyezi chochepa cha 70-80%. Kwa iwo, kutentha kwapamwamba kwambiri masana ndi 26-28 ° C, usiku kuyambira 20 mpaka 25 ° C.
Kodi emperor chinkhanira chimadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Imperial Scorpion
Kumtchire, zinkhanira za emperor zimadya tizilombo monga crickets ndi nyama zina zopanda thanzi zapadziko lapansi, koma chiswe chimakhala chakudya chawo chambiri. Zilombo zazikuluzikulu monga makoswe ndi abuluzi sizidyedwa kawirikawiri.
Ankhanira a Emperor amabisala pafupi ndi milu ya chiswe kuzama kwa masentimita 180 kusaka nyama. Zikhadabo zawo zazikulu zimasinthidwa kuti zing'ambike nyama, ndipo mbola yawo imalumphira poyizoni wothandizira chakudya chochepa. Achinyamata amadalira kuluma kwawo koopsa kuti afooketse nyama, pomwe zinkhanira zazikulu zimagwiritsa ntchito zikhadabo zawo zazikulu.
Chidwi! Tsitsi lofewa lomwe limaphimba timiyala ndi mchira limalola nkhanira ya emperor kuti izindikire nyama kudzera mukugwedezeka mlengalenga komanso pansi.
Pokonda kuyenda usiku, emperor chinkhanira chimatha kugwira ntchito masana ngati kuwala kuli kotsika. Wampikisano wakusala kwankhanira ku Imperial. Atha kukhala opanda chakudya kwa chaka chimodzi. Njenjete imodzi imamudyetsa kwa mwezi wathunthu.
Ngakhale kuti ndi chinkhanira chachikulu chowoneka modabwitsa, chiphe chake sichipha anthu. Utsi wa mfumu ya nkhanira ku Africa ndi wofatsa ndipo uli ndi poyizoni pang'ono. Lili ndi poizoni monga imptoxin ndi pandinotoxin.
Kuluma kwa Scorpion kumatha kugawidwa ngati kopepuka koma kowawa (kofanana ndi kulumwa kwa njuchi). Anthu ambiri samadwala kuluma kwa emperor scorpion, ngakhale ena atha kukhala osavomerezeka. Ziphuphu zosiyanasiyana za ion zatulutsidwa kuchokera ku poizoni wa emperor scorpion, kuphatikiza Pi1, Pi2, Pi3, Pi4, ndi Pi7.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Animal Emperor Scorpion
Mitunduyi ndi imodzi mwa zinkhanira zomwe zimatha kulankhulana m'magulu. Kugonjera kumadziwika mu nyama: akazi ndi ana nthawi zambiri amakhala limodzi. Emperor chinkhanira sichimenyana komanso sichimenyera abale. Komabe, kusowa kwa chakudya nthawi zina kumabweretsa kudya anthu.
Kuwona kwa zinkhanira za emperor kumakhala kovuta kwambiri ndipo mphamvu zina zimapangidwa bwino. Emperor scorpion amadziwika chifukwa cha machitidwe ake osakhazikika komanso kuluma kosavulaza. Akuluakulu sagwiritsa ntchito mbola zawo kuti adziteteze. Komabe, kulumidwa ndi mbola kumatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito podzitchinjiriza unyamata. Kuchuluka kwa poyizoni jakisoni kumathiridwa.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti! Mamolekyu ena omwe amapanga ululuwu akufufuzidwa pakadali pano chifukwa asayansi amakhulupirira kuti atha kukhala ndi zida zolimbana ndi malungo ndi mabakiteriya ena owopsa kuumoyo wa anthu.
Ndi nyama yolimba yomwe imatha kutentha mopitirira muyeso mpaka 50 ° C. Kuopa dzuwa ndikubisala tsiku lonse kuti tidye madzulo okha. Ikuwonetsanso kukwera kotsika, komwe kumapezeka kawirikawiri ndi zinkhanira. Imakwera m'mizu ndikumamatira ku zomera mpaka kutalika kwa masentimita 30. Phanga limakumba mpaka 90 cm.
Chidwi! Kuzizira sikuli koyipa kwenikweni kwa zinkhanira. Pang'ono ndi pang'ono amasungunuka ndi kunyezimira kwa dzuwa ndikukhala ndi moyo. Komanso, nyama zakale izi zimatha kukhala m'madzi pafupifupi masiku awiri osapuma.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Emperor Scorpion Wotentha
Zinkhanira zachifumu zimakula msinkhu wazaka zinayi. Amachita nawo gule wovuta kwambiri pomwe wamwamuna amayenda mozungulira kufunafuna malo abwino osungira umuna. Pambuyo popereka umuna, wamwamuna amayendetsa ndi mkazi pamalo pomwe adzalandire umuna. Nyama ndizosavomerezeka. Mkazi akatenga pakati, thupi la mkazi limakula, ndikuwonetsera mamvekedwe oyera omwe amalumikiza zigawozo.
Nthawi ya bere imatha pafupifupi miyezi 12-15, motero, akangaude oyera oyera makumi asanu (nthawi zambiri amakhala 15-25) amabadwa, omwe asanatenge mazira m'chiberekero. Ana pang'onopang'ono amasiya chiberekero, njira yobadwa imatha mpaka masiku anayi. Zinkhanira za Emperor amabadwa opanda chitetezo ndipo amadalira kwambiri amayi awo kuti awapatse chakudya ndi kuwateteza.
Chosangalatsa! Akazi amanyamula ana matupi awo mpaka masiku 20. Ana ambiri amamatira kumbuyo, m'mimba ndi miyendo ya akazi, ndipo amatsikira pansi pokhapokha molt woyamba. Ali pa thupi la mayi, amadyetsa epithelium yake yodulira.
Amayi nthawi zina amapitilizabe kudyetsa ana awo, ngakhale atakhala okhwima mokwanira kuti azitha kudziyimira pawokha. Zinkhanira zazing'ono zimabadwa zoyera ndipo zimakhala ndi zomanga thupi ndi zopatsa thanzi m'matumba mwawo kwa milungu ina 4 kapena 6. Amawumitsa patatha masiku 14 akasinja awo akuda.
Choyamba, zinkhanira zomwe zakula pang'ono zimadya chakudya cha nyama zomwe mayi ake amasaka. Akamakula, amapatukana ndi amayi awo ndikusaka malo awo odyera. Nthawi zina amapanga magulu ang'onoang'ono momwe amakhala mwamtendere limodzi.
Adani achilengedwe a zinkhanira zachifumu
Chithunzi: Black Emperor Scorpion
Ankhanira achifumu ali ndi adani angapo. Mbalame, mileme, nyama zazing'ono, akangaude akuluakulu, ma centipedes ndi abuluzi nthawi zonse amazisaka. Poukira, chinkhanira chimakhala ndi masentimita 50 ndi 50, chimadziteteza mwakhama ndikutha msanga.
Adani ake ndi awa:
- mongoose;
- meerkat;
- nkhumba;
- mawu;
- kuphethira ndi ena.
Amadzichitira zachiwawa kuchokera pachiwopsezo, koma samadzikakamiza ndipo amapewa kusamvana ndi zinyama zilizonse, kuchokera kwa mbewa zazikulu. Zinkhanira za Emperor zimatha kuwona ndikuzindikira nyama zina pamtunda wa pafupifupi mita pamene zikuyenda, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowukira. Podzitchinjiriza ndi chinkhanira, zida zolimba zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Komabe, pomenya nkhondo mwamphamvu kapena akamenyedwa ndi mbewa, amagwiritsira ntchito kuluma kwa poizoni kuti amuthandize. Emperor Scorpion satetezedwa ndi poizoni wake.
Komabe, mdani wamkulu wa chinkhanira chachifumu ndi anthu. Kusonkhanitsa kosaloledwa kwachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwawo ku Africa. M'zaka za m'ma 1990, nyama 100,000 zidatumizidwa kuchokera ku Africa, ndikupangitsa mantha komanso kuyankha mochenjera kuchokera kwa omwe amalimbikitsa nyama. Anthu ogwidwa akukhulupirira kuti ndi akulu mokwanira kuti achepetse kusaka nyama zakutchire.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Imperial Scorpion
Emperor scorpion ndi mtundu wotchuka pakati pa okonda ziweto. Izi zidakhudza kuchotsedwa kwakukulu kwa oimira mitunduyo kuchokera kuzinyama zakutchire. Nyamayo imakopa okonda zachilendo chifukwa ndizosavuta kuyisunga ndikubereka bwino muukapolo.
Zolemba! Pamodzi ndi wolamulira mwankhanza wa Pandinus ndi Pandinus gambiensis, chinkhanira chachifumu chikutetezedwa pakadali pano. Ikuphatikizidwa m'ndandanda yapadera ya CITES. Kugula kulikonse kapena mphatso iyenera kutsagana ndi invoice kapena satifiketi yakusankhidwa, nambala yapadera ya CITES ndiyofunika kuti itulutsidwe.
Pakadali pano, zinkhanira zachifumu zimatha kuitanitsidwa kuchokera kumaiko aku Africa, koma izi zitha kusintha ngati kuchuluka kwa zogulitsa kunja kwachepetsedwa. Izi zingawonetse kuwopsa kwa ziweto kuchokera kukolola kwambiri m'malo mwake. Mtundu uwu ndi chinkhanira chofala kwambiri ukapolo ndipo umapezeka mosavuta mu malonda a ziweto, koma CITES yakhazikitsa magawo azogulitsa kunja.
P. diactator ndi P. gambiensis ndizosowa pamalonda a ziweto. Mitundu ya Pandinus africanus imapezeka pamndandanda wamalonda ogulitsa. Dzinalo ndi losavomerezeka ndipo lingangogwiritsidwa ntchito pongotumiza oimira mitunduyo chinkhanira chamfumu kuchokera pamndandanda wa CITES.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 03/14/2019
Tsiku losintha: 17.09.2019 pa 21:07
