Ngalande - chokwawa kuchokera ku dongosolo la ng'ona, koma kukhala ndi zingapo zosiyana ndi oimira ena. Amakhala m'madzi, madambo ndi mitsinje. Zokwawa zowopsa ngati dinosaur zodya nyama, zimatha kuyenda mwachangu m'madzi ndi pamtunda, ndipo zili ndi nsagwada zamphamvu ndi michira.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Alligator
Ma Alligator sayenera kusokonezedwa ndi ng'ona zina - adasiyana kalekale, nthawi ya Cretaceous. Abuluzi ena akale akale anali amtundu wa banja la alligator - mwachitsanzo, Deinosuchus. Idafika mamita 12 ndipo inkalemera matani 9. Momwe adakhalira komanso momwe amakhalira, Deinosuchus amafanana ndi anyani amakono ndipo anali nyama yolusa yomwe imadya ma dinosaurs. Oimira okha ng'ona okhala ndi nyanga - ceratosuchus - nawonso anali a anyani.
Oimira akale a alligator analamulira nyama zapadziko lapansi kwanthawi yayitali, koma pambuyo pakusintha kwachilengedwe, chifukwa chomwe ma dinosaurs adatha, ambiri aiwo adasowa, kuphatikiza mitundu yayikulu kwambiri. Kwa nthawi yayitali, amakhulupirira kuti ng'ona zomwe zilipo pano, kuphatikiza ma alligator, zikukhala zakale zomwe sizinasinthe kwazaka zambiri, koma kafukufuku wamakono watsimikizira kuti mitundu yamakono idapangidwa pambuyo poti atha ambiri mwa oimira akale amtundu wa alligator.
Mpaka pano, mabanja awiri okha ndi omwe apulumuka - ma caimans ndi alligator. Mwa omalizawa, mitundu iwiri imasiyananso: Mississippi ndi Chitchaina. Malongosoledwe oyamba asayansi a Mississippi alligator adapangidwa mu 1802, mitundu yomwe imakhala ku China idafotokozedweratu pambuyo pake - mu 1879.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Animal alligator
Ma alligator aku America ndi akulu kuposa anzawo achi China - kutalika kwawo kumatha kufika 4 mita, ndipo nthawi zina kumakhala kochulukirapo. Amatha kulemera mpaka 300 kilogalamu, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala ochepera 2-3. Choyimira chachikulu kwambiri chimalemera tani ndipo chinali chotalika mamita 5.8 - ngakhale asayansi amakayikira kudalirika kwa izi, ndipo mafupa a chimphona chonsecho sanapulumuke.
Ma Alligator achikulire achi China amafika mita 1.5-2, ndipo kulemera kwawo sikumangodutsa ma kilogalamu 30. Palinso kutchulidwa kwa anthu akuluakulu - mpaka 3 mita, koma mafupa awo athunthu sanapulumuke.
Mtundu umatha kusintha kutengera malo omwe alligator amakhala. Ngati pali ndere zambiri mgululi, zimatenga utoto wobiriwira. Mu chithaphwi chachikulu, chokhala ndi tannic acid wambiri - bulauni wonyezimira. Zokwawa zomwe zimakhala mumadzi akuda komanso matope zimayamba kuda, khungu lawo limakhala ndi bulauni yakuda, pafupifupi mtundu wakuda.
Kugwirizana ndi madera oyandikana ndikofunikira pakusaka bwino - apo ayi zikhala zovuta kwambiri kuti chokwawa chikwanise kubisala ndikukhala osadziwika. Mosasamala mtundu waukulu, nthawi zonse amakhala ndi mimba yopepuka.
Ngakhale ma alligator aku America ali ndi mbale ya mafupa yomwe imangobisalira kumbuyo kokha, imateteza achi China kwathunthu. Pamiyendo yakutsogolo, onse ali ndi zala zisanu, koma kumiyendo yakumbuyo ndi zinayi zokha. Mchira wautali - uli pafupifupi wofanana ndi thupi lonse. Ndi chithandizo chake, ma alligator amasambira, amaigwiritsa ntchito pomenya nkhondo, kumanga chisa, chifukwa ndiyamphamvu. Imapezanso malo osungira nyengo yozizira.
Zishango zamathambo zoteteza maso zimapangitsa kuyang'anako kukhala kowala kwachitsulo, pomwe usiku maso a achinyamata amatchire amatenga kuwala kobiriwira, komanso kwa achikulire - ofiira. Mano nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupifupi 80 ku Mississippi, ndipo pang'ono ku China. Pakutha, zatsopano zimatha kukula.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: kuluma kwa Mississippi alligator ndiye wamphamvu kwambiri kuposa adani onse. Mphamvu zimafunika kuluma kudzera mu zipolopolo za kamba wolimba.
Chokwawa chikamizidwa m'madzi, mphuno zake ndi makutu zimaphimba m'mbali mwa khungu. Kuti mukhale ndi oxygen yokwanira kwa nthawi yayitali, ngakhale magazi amayenda pang'onopang'ono m'thupi mwake. Zotsatira zake, ngati alligator amatha theka loyamba la mpweya mu theka la ola, ndiye kuti wachiwiri akhoza kukhala wokwanira kwa maola angapo.
Mutha kusiyanitsa alligator ndi ng'ona wamba ndi zikwangwani zingapo:
- Mphuno yayikulu, mawonekedwe a U, mu ng'ona zowona mawonekedwe ake ali pafupi ndi V;
- ndi nsagwada wotsekedwa, dzino lakumunsi likuwonekera bwino;
- maso ali pamwamba;
- amakhala m'madzi okhaokha (ngakhale amatha kusambira m'madzi amchere).
Kodi alligator amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Alligator m'madzi
Ma Mississippi alligator amapezeka pafupifupi konse m'mbali mwa gombe la US kunyanja ya Atlantic, kupatula gawo lakumpoto kwenikweni. Koma ambiri aiwo ali ku Louisiana ndipo makamaka ku Florida - zili mdziko muno momwe anthu 80% amakhala.
Amakonda nyanja, mayiwe kapena madambo, ndipo amathanso kukhala m'mitsinje yoyenda pang'onopang'ono. Madzi abwino amafunikira pamoyo, ngakhale nthawi zina amasankhidwa m'malo amchere.
Ngati ziweto zoweta zibwera kudzenje la Mississippi alligator, ndiye kuti ndizosavuta kuzigwira, chifukwa zimakhala zopanda mantha. Chifukwa chake, ma alligator amatha kukhala pafupi ndi anthu ndikudya ziweto - amadya nkhosa, ng'ombe, agalu. Pakakhala chilala, amatha kupita kumidzi kukafunafuna madzi ndi mthunzi kapenanso kuyenda m'madzi.
Mitundu ya zigawenga zaku China, komanso kuchuluka kwawo, zachepetsedwa kwambiri chifukwa cha zochitika zachuma za anthu - tsopano zokwawa izi zimangokhala mumtsinje wa Yangtze, ngakhale kale zimapezeka kudera lalikulu, kuphatikiza China komanso ngakhale Peninsula yaku Korea.
Ma alligator achi China amakondanso madzi oyenda pang'onopang'ono. Amayesa kubisalira anthu, koma amatha kukhala pafupi - m'madamu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito paulimi, kukumba maenje osadziwika.
Kodi alligator amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Alligator ku America
Ma alligator ndi nyama zowopsa zomwe zimatha kudyetsa chilichonse chomwe zingagwire. Amawopseza anthu ambiri okhala mosungiramo ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja, chifukwa ali ndi mphamvu zothetsera pafupifupi aliyense wa iwo, komanso luso lokwanira kuti agwire.
Zakudya zawo zimaphatikizapo:
- nsomba;
- akamba;
- mbalame;
- nyama zazing'ono zazing'ono;
- nkhono;
- tizilombo;
- ng'ombe;
- zipatso ndi masamba;
- zamoyo zina.
Kutengera ndi madzi ndi kuchuluka kwa nsomba mmenemo, kuchuluka kwake pazakudya za ma alligator zimatha kusiyanasiyana, koma nthawi zonse zimapanga maziko ake. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wasayansi yaku America, izi ndi pafupifupi 50-80% yazakudya zomwe zimayamwa ndi reptile.
Koma alligator saopa kusinthasintha menyu: chifukwa ichi amasaka mbalame ndi makoswe, ndipo nthawi zina nyama zazikulu. Imadyetsanso zomera. Akuluakulu samazengereza kudya ana a anthu ena. Zokwawa zanjala zimadyanso zovunda, koma zimakonda kudya nyama yatsopano.
Khalidwe la alligator limadalira kwambiri kutentha kwa madzi: chokwawa chimagwira kotentha, pafupifupi 25 ° C ndi kupitilira apo. Ngati madzi ndi ozizira, ndiye kuti amayamba kuchita zinthu mopepuka, ndipo chilakolako chake chimachepa kwambiri.
Amakonda kusaka usiku ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kutengera kukula kwa nyamayo. Nthawi zina amatha kudikirira wovutikayo kwa maola ambiri, kapena kuwonera mpaka nthawi ikafika. Poterepa, chokwawa nthawi zambiri chimakhala pansi pamadzi, ndipo mphuno ndi maso okha ndizomwe zimawoneka pamwamba - sikophweka kuwona kachilombo kakang'ono kobisika.
Imakonda kupha nyama ikangoluma koyamba ndipo nthawi yomweyo imameza. Koma ngati ndi yayikulu, muyenera kuchita zodabwitsa ndikumenyetsa mchira - pambuyo pake alligator imamukoka wozunzidwayo mozama kuti ikwanire. Sakonda kusaka nyama zazikulu, chifukwa nsagwada zawo sizinasinthidwe bwino izi - koma nthawi zina zimayenera kutero.
Samaopa anthu. Atha kukhala pachiwopsezo kwa iwo, koma samawukira mwachindunji - nthawi zambiri amangoyankha mkwiyo. Nthawi zambiri, ngati simukuyenda mwadzidzidzi pafupi ndi alligator, sadzawonetsa chiwawa. Koma pali chiopsezo kuti chokwawa chingasokoneze mwanayo ndi nyama zochepa.
Chosiyana ndi ma alligator omwe amadyetsedwa ndi anthu, zomwe ndizofala. Ngati mawonekedwe a munthu mu reptile ayamba kugwirizanitsidwa ndi kudyetsa, ndiye kuti amatha kuwukira panthawi ya njala. Ma alligator achi China ndiwosaopsa kuposa a Mississippi, milandu yomwe amaukira anthu ndiyosowa kwambiri, amanyazi.
Zosangalatsa: Kuleza mtima kwa Alligator sikumangotengera nyama yomwe yagwidwa kale. Ngati amenya nkhondo kwa nthawi yayitali, ndiye kuti mlenje atha kusiya chidwi chake ndikupita kukasaka wina.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Alligator
Sambirani bwino ndipo mofulumira, pogwiritsa ntchito mchira kupalasa. Amatha kuyenda mwachangu pamtunda - amakhala ndi liwiro la 20 km / h, koma amatha kuyenda kwakanthawi pang'ono. Nthawi zambiri amatha kuwonekera atapuma pamtunda, pomwe nthawi zambiri amatsegula pakamwa kuti madzi asanduke msanga.
Poyamba, ma alligator achichepere amakhala m'malo omwe adabadwira, koma akakula, amayamba kufunafuna malo okhala atsopano. Ngati achichepere amakhala m'magulu, ndiye kuti akuluwo amakhala m'modzi m'modzi: akazi amakhala minda yaying'ono, amuna amakhala ndi yayikulu.
Amakonda madzi oyenda pang'onopang'ono, nthawi zina amatha kupanga mayiwe, akugwiritsa ntchito mchira wawo. Kenako amadzaza ndi nyama zazing'ono. Amakhala m'madzi okhaokha, ngakhale nthawi zina amatha kusambira m'madzi amchere ndikukhala momwemo nthawi yayitali - koma samasinthidwa kuti azikhalamo.
Mchira umagwiritsidwanso ntchito kukumba maenje - ovuta komanso opindika, kutambasula kwa mamitala makumi. Ngakhale kuti malo ambiri oterewa amakhala pamwamba pamadzi, khomo lolowera pamenepo liyenera kukhala pansi pamadzi. Ngati yauma, alligator amayenera kukumba dzenje latsopano. Amafunikira ngati pothawirapo m'nyengo yozizira - anthu angapo amatha nyengo yozizira limodzi.
Ngakhale sikuti ma alligator onse amapita m'mabowo - ena amabisalira m'madzi, ndikusiya mphuno zawo zokha. Thupi la reptile limazizira mu ayezi, ndipo limasiya kuyanjana ndi chilichonse chakunja, zonse zomwe zimachitika mthupi lake zimachedwetsa kwambiri - izi zimapangitsa kuti zipulumuke kuzizira. Kutha kwanthawi yayitali kumakhala kwachilendo kwa achi China, Mississippi amatha kulowa mmenemo masabata 2-3.
Ngati ma alligator atha kupulumuka nthawi yowopsa yakukula, itha kufika zaka 30-40. Ngati mikhalidwe ili yabwino, nthawi zina amakhala ndi moyo wautali, mpaka zaka 70 - ndizovuta kukumana kuthengo, popeza okalamba amataya liwiro ndipo sangathe kusaka monga kale, ndipo thupi lawo, chifukwa cha kukula kwake kwakukulu, limafunikira chakudya chocheperako ...
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Alligator ya ana
Chikhalidwe chimakhala ndi ma alligator pamlingo wokulirapo kuposa ng'ona zina zazikulu: okhawo anthu akulu kwambiri amakhala mosiyana, ena onse amakhala m magulu. Amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake pogwiritsa ntchito kulira - ziwopsezo, machenjezo a ngozi yomwe ikubwera, kuyitanitsa maukwati ndi mamvekedwe ena amafotokozedwa.
Ma alligator achi China amafika pofika zaka 5, aku America pambuyo pake - ndi zaka 8. Zimadziwika, komabe, osati ndi zaka, koma kukula kwa chokwawa: achi China akuyenera kufikira mita, Mississippi - awiri (onsewa, ocheperako kwa akazi ndi ena kwa amuna ).
Nthawi yokumana imayamba masika, madzi akatentha mokwanira. Chifukwa chake, m'zaka zozizira zakomwe amakhala kumpoto kwambiri, mwina sizingabwere konse. Ndikosavuta kumvetsetsa nyengo ino ikafika kwa ma alligator - amuna amakhala osakhazikika, nthawi zambiri amabangula ndikusambira mozungulira malire awo, ndipo amatha kuwukira oyandikana nawo.
Akakwatirana, yaikazi imamanga chisa m'mbali mwa gombe, pafupifupi mita. Ndikofunikira kukweza zomangamanga pamwamba pamadzi ndikutchingira kuti zisawonongeke chifukwa cha kusefukira kwamadzi. Mkaziyo nthawi zambiri amaikira mazira pafupifupi 30-50, pambuyo pake amakwirira zowalamulira ndi udzu.
Munthawi yonse yokwanira, amateteza chisa ku nyama zina zomwe zimatha kudya mazira. Imayang'aniranso kayendedwe ka kutentha: nyengo yotentha, imachotsa udzu, kulola kuti mazira aziwuluka, ngati kuli kozizira, amalowereranso kuti akhale otentha.
Zosangalatsa: Ndi ma alligator ochepa omwe amakhala ndi zaka ziwiri - pafupifupi m'modzi mwa asanu. Ngakhale ochepera zaka zakutha msinkhu - pafupifupi 5%.
Pakutha nyengo yachilimwe, ma alligator achichepere amaswa. Poyamba, samapitilira masentimita 20 kutalika ndipo ndi ofowoka kwambiri, chifukwa chake chitetezo chachikazi ndichofunikira kwambiri kwa iwo - popanda icho, sangathe kutuluka ngakhale ku clutch yolimba. Kamodzi m'madzi, amapanga magulu. Ngati zikopa zingapo zidayikidwa limodzi, ana ake amasakanikirana, ndipo amayi amasamalira aliyense mosasiyanitsa. Izi zitha kupitilira kwa zaka zingapo.
Adani achilengedwe a alligator
Chithunzi: Alligator Red Book
M'chilengedwe, monga ng'ona zina, zili pamwambapa. Koma izi sizikutanthauza kuti sangachite mantha ndi nyama zina: ma panther ndi zimbalangondo zitha kuwopseza. Komabe, zosiyana ndizowona - ma alligator amathanso kuthana nawo ndikudya. Koma zoterezi ndizochepa.
Ma alligator ena ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu - pakati pawo kudya anzawo kuli ponseponse, akuluakulu ndi anthu olimba mtima samazengereza kusaka amitundu anzawo pang'ono ndi pang'ono. Izi zimachitika pafupipafupi ngati anthu okhala m'dera loyandikira achuluka kwambiri - ndiye kuti sipangakhale nyama yosavuta kwa aliyense.
Ma alligator ambiri, kuphatikiza pa abale, atha kuopsezedwa ndi otter, raccoons, njoka ndi mbalame zodya nyama. Nthawi zina amaukiridwa ndi nsomba zazikulu. Kwa achikulire, komabe achichepere, ma lynx and cougars ndiwopseza kwambiri - nthumwi za ma fining nthawi zambiri siziukira dala, koma milandu yakumvana pakati pawo ndi ma alligator yalembedwa.
Mississippi alligator ikakula mpaka mita 1.5, palibe adani otsalira mwachilengedwe. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi achi China, ngakhale ali ochepa. Mdani yekhayo amene ali wowopsa kwa iwo ndi munthu - pambuyo pake, kuyambira kalekale, anthu akhala akusaka ng'ona, kuphatikizapo anyani, ndikuwapha.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Animal alligator
Pali ma alligator angapo a Mississippi - alipo opitilila miliyoni, chifukwa chake sawopsezedwa kuti atha. Ngakhale sizinali kalekale zinthu zinali zosiyana: pakati pa zaka zana zapitazi, kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu kudatsika kwambiri chifukwa cha kupha nyama mwachangu, chifukwa chake aboma adachitapo kanthu poteteza mitunduyo.
Izi zidakhudza, ndipo ziwerengero zake zidapezanso. Tsopano ku United States, minda yambiri ya ng'ona yatsegulidwa, komwe imapangidwa bwino. Chifukwa chake, ndizotheka kupeza zikopa zamtengo wapatali, komanso nyama, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nyama, osawononga kuchuluka kwa zokwawa zamtchire.
Ma alligator achi China ndi nkhani ina. Pali pafupifupi mazana awiri okha mwachilengedwe, ndichifukwa chake mitunduyo idaphatikizidwa mu Red Book. Chiwerengero cha anthu chatsika makamaka chifukwa cha umbanda, popeza nyama ya ng'ona imawerengedwa kuti imachiritsa, madera ena amayamikiridwanso.
Chosangalatsa: Dzina lachi China la ma alligator am'deralo limamasuliridwa kuti "chinjoka". Ayenera kuti anali ngati chitsanzo cha zimbalangondo zachi China zopeka.
Koma chowopseza chachikulu sichiri mmenemo, koma pakuchepetsa kosalekeza kwa magawo oyenera omwe amakhala chifukwa chakukula kwa anthu. Madzi ambiri omwe amakhala kale amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulima mpunga. Nzika zakomweko nthawi zina zimasemphana ndi zokwawa, ambiri zimawadana ndipo samakhulupirira kuti kusunga zamoyozi kungakhale kopindulitsa.
Mlonda wa Alligator
Chithunzi: Alligator yayikulu
Ngakhale ma alligator achi China atasowa mwachilengedwe, adzapulumuka ngati mtundu: chifukwa cha kuswana bwino mu ukapolo, malo osungira nyama, malo osungira ana, magulu azinsinsi, pali pafupifupi 10,000. malo ena.
Koma ndikofunikirabe kuti asungidwe kuthengo, ndipo achitapo izi: akuluakulu aku China adakhazikitsa malo angapo osungira, koma pakadali pano sizinatheke kuti athetse kuwonongedwa kwa ma alligator ngakhale mwa iwo. Ntchito ili mkati ndi nzika zakomweko, kuletsa kokhwima kumayambitsidwa ndikuwongolera momwe akuyendera. Izi zimapereka chiyembekezo kuti kuchepa kwa anthu mumtsinje wa Yangtze kudzaimitsidwa.
Kuphatikiza apo, m'zaka zaposachedwa, kuyeserera kokhazikitsidwa kwa ma alligator aku China ku Louisiana kwachitika, ndipo mpaka pano kwakhala kopambana - mwina kuthekera kofalitsa kubereka kwawo mwachangu m'malo abwino achilengedwe. Ngati kuyesaku kungapambane, kumatha kubwerezedwa m'malo ena a United States. Apa akhalira limodzi ndi achibale a Mississippi: koma njira zowonjezerazo sizikutengedwa kuti ziwateteze - mwamwayi, palibe chowopseza mtunduwo.
Ma alligator amphamvu, ngakhale kuti ndi ofunika kutamandidwa patali, ndi nyama zolusa zokongola komanso zamphamvu zomwe sizinasinthe kwazaka zambiri. Zokwawa izi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri pazinyama zathu, ndipo sizoyenera kuwonongedwa mwankhanza komwe zigawenga zaku China zikuchitiridwa.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 03/15/2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/18/2019 pa 9:22
