Chimbalangondo chachikulu kwambiri Ndi nyama yodya nyama. Anapezeka kale, kumadera akumpoto kwa gombe, inali nyama yayikulu kwambiri. Msonkhano wamba, anali wowopsa. Chimbalangondo chamakono chamtundu wakunyama ndi nyama yoyamwa kuchokera kubanja la chimbalangondo. Ndi mtundu wa chimbalangondo chofiirira komanso mbadwa yachinyama choyambirira. Imakhalabe nyama yodya nyama yayikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Chimbalangondo chachikulu kwambiri
Subpecies wautali nyama izi ankatchedwa chimphona kumalo ozizira. Nyama zowonongekazi zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kwake kwakukulu (mpaka 4 mita) ndi kulemera kwakukulu (mpaka tani 1). Ochita kafukufuku apeza zidutswa zochepa chabe za nyama imeneyi. Mafupa ake adapezeka ku England mzaka zana zapitazi. Kutha kwa mitunduyo mwina kunachitika chifukwa kumapeto kwa nthawi yachisanu kunalibe chakudya chokwanira munthawi ya glaciation.
Amakhulupirira kuti nyamayo inali yolumikizana pakati pa mitundu yoyera ndi yofiirira ya zimbalangondo zamakono. Asayansi akuganiza kuti zaka zoposa 100 zapitazo, mtundu woyera wa nyama ya albino unachokera ku chimbalangondo wamba chofiirira. Koma posachedwa kwatsimikiziridwa komanso kutsimikiziridwa mwasayansi kuti mitundu yoyera ya anthu inawonekera chifukwa cha kuwoloka kwa subspecies zazikulu ndi zofiirira.
Mwa mitundu yoyera yoyera, mpaka 10% yama genetics a chimphona ndi 2% ya chimbalangondo chofiirira chinapezeka. Uwu ndi umboni wachindunji wosakanikirana kwa mitundu ya zamoyo.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Chimbalangondo chachikulu kwambiri
Chimbalangondo chachikulu chakumtunda chinali nyama yayikulu kwambiri, yamphamvu komanso yolimba. Anali ndi kukula kwakukulu komanso nyonga yayikulu yakuthupi. Mukakumana nayo, nyamayo imatha kukhala yowopsa, makamaka nthawi yovutira kapena kuyamwitsa anawo. Nthawi zambiri kutalika kwa thupi lamwamuna wokwanira kumafika 3.5 m, ndipo kulemera kwake kumakhala kotsika tani. Amuna akuluakulu anali olemera makilogalamu opitilira 500, anali ndi thupi lokwanira mita zosachepera 3. Zimbalangondo zinali zazing'ono kwambiri (200-300 kg, 1.6-2.5 m). Kutalika kwa nyama mpaka kufota kudafika 1.7 m.
Chimbalangondo chakumtunda chidakali ndi khosi lalitali komanso mutu wawung'ono. Mtundu wa chovalacho sichingakhale choyera chokha, komanso ndi utoto woyera-wachikaso, makamaka nyengo yotentha.
Tsitsi limakhala lopanda kanthu, lomwe limalola kuti nyamayo isazizire ndi chisanu choopsa kwambiri komanso kuti isanyowe m'madzi oundana. Tsitsi ili likuwoneka lakuda pachithunzicho. Ngati nyamayo ili m'malo otentha kapena kumalo osungira nyama kwanthawi yayitali, malaya ake amatha kukhala obiriwira, koma ichi sichizindikiro cha matenda amtundu wina.
Zitsulo zamphamvu za mapazi a chilombo chachikulucho zinali ndi ubweya wolimba wolimba, womwe umalola kuti ziziyenda mosavuta pamafunde oterera osazizira nyengo yozizira yakumpoto. Mbali ina yogwiritsa ntchito zala za chimbalangondo cha polar ndi nembanemba pakati pa zala zakumapazi. Izi zimamupangitsa kuti azitha kuthamanga kwambiri m'madzi ndikukhala ndi magwiridwe antchito, ngakhale atakhala wonenepa komanso wosakhazikika. Zikhadabo zazikulu za chilombocho zimatha kugwira nyama yaying'ono kapena yayikulu mosavuta.
Mafupa a nyama yayikuluyi anali ndi mawonekedwe olimba, omwe amatha kulimbikira zolimbitsa thupi komanso zovuta za nyengo yakumpoto. Chimbalangondo chachikulu chakumtunda ndi nyama yayikulu kwambiri yodya nyama yomwe sinakhalepo padziko lapansi pano.
Kodi chimbalangondo chachikulu chakumtunda chimakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Chimbalangondo chachikulu kwambiri
Malo okhala nyama amatalikitsidwa:
- kumpoto chakumpoto;
- ku Newfoundland wamakono;
- kudutsa zipululu za kozizira mpaka kumtunda weniweniwo.
- Zimbalangondo zazikulu kwambiri zimapezeka ku Svalbard;
- Anthu akulu kwambiri amakhala m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Bering.
M'dera la Russia wamakono, malo okhala chimbalangondo chachikulu chakumtunda anali gombe lakumpoto la Nyanja ya Chukchi, komanso Nyanja ya Arctic ndi Bering.
Kodi chimbalangondo chachikulu chakummwera chidadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Chimbalangondo chachikulu kwambiri
Malo okhala chimbalangondo chachikulu kwambiri chaku polar, monga mbadwa zake zamakono, anali ayezi wamadzi oundana mwachangu komanso kuyandama kwa madzi oundana. Apa nyamazo zidamanga mapanga awo, zidatulutsa ana awo ndikugwira nyama yawo, yomwe inali nsomba, walruses, zisindikizo zovulaza, zisindikizo za ndevu. Nyama yodya nyama imeneyi imagwirabe nyama m'njira yachilendo.
Monga m'masiku akale, chilombocho chimangobisala pogona pafupi ndi dzenjelo ndikudikirira nyama yake modekha. Nyama yaying'ono ikangoyang'ana kunja kwa dzenje, chimbalangondo chimachigogoda mwachangu ndi nkhonya yake yamphamvu ndikuchikokera m'madzi kupita pamwamba. Zimbalangondo zimagwira ma walrus pamtunda, pomwepo zimadya khungu ndi mafuta anyama. Zimbalangondo zimadya nyama ya nyama zawo kawirikawiri, kokha munthawi yanjala kwambiri.
Komanso, munthawi yanjala mchaka, ndikusowa chakudya, zimbalangondo zimatha kudyetsa nsomba zakufa, zovunda, ndi ndere. Nthawi zina samanyalanyaza malo otayira zinyalala pafupi ndi malo okhala kumalo ozizira kapena amatha kuwononga malo ogulitsira, kubera zopereka zonse kuchokera kwa ofufuza apolisi.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Chimbalangondo chachikulu kwambiri
M'nthawi yathu ino, monga nthawi zakale, machitidwe a zimbalangondo sanasinthe kwambiri. Zinyama zolusa zikamayang'ana chakudya zimayendayenda kudera lonselo, kutengera nyengo. M'nyengo yotentha, amatsatira ayezi pafupi ndi North Pole pomwe nsomba ndi zisindikizo zimatsata ayezi omwe amayenda.
M'nyengo yozizira, zimbalangondo zimadutsa kumtunda kukafika pamtunda wa makilomita 70, komwe zimagona m dzenje lakuswana ndi kudyetsa ana. Zimbalangondo zapakati nthawi zambiri zimabisala kwa miyezi 3-4. Amuna sagona motalika, pafupifupi mwezi, popeza m'nyengo yozizira amasaka ndikudya chakudya, ndikusunga mafuta amtsogolo mtsogolo munthawi yanjala.
Khalidwe lodziwika bwino la amuna ndi akazi limatengera nyengo. Nthawi yotentha, pakakhala chakudya chochuluka mozungulira, nyama zimakhala mwamtendere ndipo sizimenya anthu kapena ziweto. M'nyengo yozizira kwambiri ya Arctic, zimbalangondo zimakakamizidwa kumenyera nkhondo kuti zikhale ndi moyo, chifukwa zimatha kukhala zankhanza komanso zowopsa kwa anthu kapena ziweto.
Akazi omwe ali ndi ana amphongo ndiowopsa kwambiri akakumana mosayembekezereka. Amakhala ndi chibadwa choteteza ana ndipo nthawi yomweyo amaukira aliyense amene angayerekeze kupita kudzenje ndi ana. Zimbalangondo zonse zimawoneka ngati zazikulu, zosakhazikika komanso zosakhazikika. M'malo mwake, nyama zimathamanga kwambiri komanso zimathamanga m'madzi komanso pamtunda.
Makhalidwe a zimbalangondo:
- mafuta osanjikiza amateteza ku chisanu;
- ubweya wandiweyani umatetezedwa kuti usagwidwe m'madzi oundana;
- chovala chovala chobvala choyera ndichabwino kubisa.
Nyama ndizosatheka kuziwona zitayera oyera kapena chisanu. Chifukwa cha kununkhiza kwake komanso kumva, nyamayi yakale kwambiri imatha kununkhiza nyama yomwe ili pamtunda wa mamitala mazana angapo. Pamadzi, chilombocho chimatha kuyenda mtunda wawutali ndikufulumira mpaka 6 km / h. Izi zidamuthandiza kuti agwire chilichonse, ngakhale nyama yolimba kwambiri. Mothandizidwa ndi beacon ya GPS, nkhani yonyamula chimbalangondo yoyenda yothamanga kwambiri kuposa ma 600 km inalembedwa. m'masiku ochepa chabe.
Zowononga monga zimbalangondo zazikulu zakumtunda zitha kuwononga nyama zazikulu monga zisindikizo, lero zilinso zowopsa. Chifukwa chake, m'malo okhala malo okhala ndi zimbalangondo zazikulu, muyenera kukhala osamala kwambiri ndikusuntha mosamala kwambiri. Ndikofunika kuyang'anitsitsa mozungulira kuti musalowe m'phanga la chimbalangondo kapena ndodo yamphongo yanjala yolumikiza.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Chimbalangondo chachikulu kwambiri
Nyama zinkakhala zokha, zinalibe gulu la ziweto. Amuna okhaokha amakhala mwamtendere wina ndi mnzake, koma munyengo yokhwima nthawi zonse pakhala pali mikangano yolimbana ndi mkazi. Nyama zazikulu zimatha kumenyana ndi ana ang'onoang'ono ndikuzidya panthawi yanjala yachaka.
Mchitidwe wamphongo wamwamuna umachitika kumapeto kwa chilimwe: kuyambira Marichi mpaka Juni. Mkazi nthawi zambiri amapambana ndi opikisana angapo, koma kupambana nthawi zonse kumapita kwamphamvu kwambiri komanso koyenera kwambiri. Amayi apakati adakumba dzenje m'mphepete mwa nyanja, pomwe, m'malo otentha komanso otetezedwa kuti asayang'ane, adabereka ana - ana awiri kapena atatu.
Zimbalangondo zazikulu kwambiri sizinali zachonde kwambiri. Subpecies ya anyaniwa anali ndi mwayi wochepa kwambiri woswana. Mkazi amabereka kamodzi zaka 2-3 zilizonse, koma osadutsa zaka 5-8. Chimbalangondo chija chidagona m dzenje mkatikati mwa nthawi yophukira, mu gawo lobisika la mimba, lomwe limatenga masiku 250. Mbewuyo idawonekera kumapeto kwa dzinja, koma wamkazi adangokhala chete mpaka Epulo. Mu zinyalala, nthawi zambiri mpaka ana angapo amabadwa. Kwa moyo wake wonse, wamkazi adadyetsa ana osapitilira 15.
Mwana wakhanda anali wolemera magalamu pakati pa 450 ndi 700. Mwana atabadwa, mayiyo sanachoke m'phanga kwa miyezi itatu, kenako banja linasiya malo ake ndikuyamba kuyenda ku Arctic. Mpaka zaka 1.5, mkaziyo adadyetsa anawo kwathunthu ndi mkaka wake ndikulera ana, kuwaphunzitsa zoyambira kusaka nthawi yachisanu ndi kuwedza ayezi.
Adani achilengedwe a chimbalangondo chachikulu chakumtunda
Chithunzi: Giant Polar Bear
Nyama yayikulu komanso yamphamvuyo sinafanane ndi malo ake achilengedwe. Nyama yodwala kapena yovulala imatha kugwidwa ndi chisindikizo kapena nsomba yakupha. Ana aang'ono otsala opanda chitetezo cha amayi nthawi zambiri ankamenyedwa ndi mimbulu kapena nkhandwe.
Masiku ano, mdani wamkulu wa ana a chimbalangondo chachikulu chakumtunda ndi osaka nyama, omwe, ngakhale kuli koletsedwa, amawombera nyamazi chifukwa cha khungu lokongola komanso nyama yokoma yonyamula.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Chimbalangondo chachikulu kwambiri
M'madera ovuta akumpoto, zimbalangondo zazikulu zakumtunda zimakhala pafupifupi zaka 30, lero ana awo ali mu ukapolo atha kukhala zaka zoposa 40. Amuna oyera akamadutsa ndi akazi abulauni, ma hybrids kapena polar grizzlies amapezeka. Nyama izi zimakhala ndi kulimba komanso kupirira kwa zimbalangondo zakumtunda, komanso luntha komanso kuyenda kwa nyama zofiirira.
Chiwerengero cha nyama za banja la zimbalangondo lero chikuwerengera anthu pafupifupi 25 zikwi padziko lonse lapansi, ku Russia - mpaka 7 zikwi. Posachedwa, akukonzekera kuwerengera zimbalangondo zakumtunda ku Russia kuti alembe kwathunthu ndikusunga kuchuluka kwawo.
Chitetezo cha chimbalangondo
Chithunzi: Chimbalangondo chachikulu kwambiri
Anthu akumpoto ndi anthu akomweko amasaka zimbalangondo zakumtunda, kupeza zikopa zokongola ndikudya nyama. Ku Russia, kusaka zimbalangondo ndikoletsedwa, ndipo ku USA, Canada ndi Greenland ndizochepa. Pali malire oletsa kusaka zimbalangondo zakumtunda, zomwe zimalola kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa anthu, koma osalola kuti ziwonongedwe kotheratu.
Popeza kuchuluka kwa zimbalangondo kumatchulidwa mu International Red Book ndi Red Book of Russia, ndizotetezedwa ndi lamulo. Ndikubereka pang'onopang'ono komanso kufa kwambiri kwa nyama zazing'ono, kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono kwa ziwetozi kumachitika. Chifukwa chake, kusaka zimbalangondo kumaloledwa ku Russia.
Pali malo osungira zachilengedwe ku Wrangel Island, komwe kuli kuchuluka kwachulukidwe kwa anthu. Mu 2016, kuchuluka kwa zimbalangondo zakumtunda ku Russian Federation kunali anthu opitilira 6 zikwi.
Chimbalangondo chachikulu kwambiri kuyambira nthawi zakale amakhala padziko lathuli. Masiku ano, maboma akumayiko ambiri akutenga njira zosiyanasiyana kuti asamalire ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zimbalangondo. Tikuyembekeza kuti nyama zazikuluzikuluzi zidzaswana m'chigawo chonse chakumpoto ndipo sizidzatha, monga makolo awo padziko lapansi, ndikutsalira zotsalira zawo zokha.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 05.03.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/15/2019 pa 18:44
