Ngakhale amawoneka owopsa, chimbalangondo chakuda Nthawi zambiri sichisonyeza kukwiya ndipo sichikhala pachiwopsezo kwa anthu. Pokhala pafupifupi ku North America ndi pakati pa Mexico, amasankha nkhalango zosadutsika ndi madera amapiri. M'madera ena, mitundu yake ili pachiwopsezo chotha.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Black Bear
Chimbalangondo chakuda, kapena monga chimatchulidwanso, baribi, ndichinyama chamtundu wodya nyama, chimbalangondo, mtundu wa zimbalangondo. Ndiye chimbalangondo chofala kwambiri ku America konse. Amayambira ku Alaska, Canada, mayiko ambiri aku US, komanso kudera lonse la Mexico. Mbiri yakuyambira kwa chimbalangondo chakuda ili ndi zaka zopitilira 12 zikwi. Kholo lake ndi nyama yofanana mofanana ndi nkhandwe wamakono.
Kanema: Black Bear
Popeza idasinthika pamodzi ndi nthumwi zazikulu ngati zimbalangondo monga chimbalangondo chachifupi chomwe chidasowa pafupifupi zaka 10 zikwi zapitazo ndi chimbalangondo cha grizzly chomwe chilipo, ndi chaching'ono kwambiri kuposa iwo, chothamanga kwambiri komanso mwachangu. Amazolowera kukhala m'malo oyera monga mapanga, mapiri, nkhalango zosadutsika komanso madambo.
Pakati pa Middle Ages, baribal adayimilidwa kwambiri ku Europe konse, koma adafafanizidwa ndipo pakadali pano sapezeka. Dzina lachi Latin lotchedwa American bear linaperekedwa kutengera gawo lokhalamo mitundu iyi, koma idaperekedwa pokhapokha atawonongedwa ku Europe.
Pakadali pano, asayansi akudziwa magawo 16 a chimbalangondo chakuda. Izi zikuphatikiza - glacial bear, chiwombankhanga chakuda, ndi zina zambiri. Ma subspecies onse amasiyana wina ndi mnzake m'malo okhala, kadyedwe, kulemera, kukula ndi mawonekedwe ena. Komabe, ngakhale pali kusiyana kumeneku, amapanga mtundu umodzi - zimbalangondo zakuda. Monga dzinali likusonyezera, mawonekedwe apadera a mitundu ya zimbalangazi ndi ubweya wake wonenepa, wakuda kwathunthu.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Chimbalangondo chakuda chakuda
Chimbalangondo chaku America chimasiyana ndi achibale ake okulirapo pakukula kwake.
- kutalika kwa thupi - masentimita 170;
- mchira - masentimita 8-12;
- kutalika kwa kufota - mpaka masentimita 100.
Pakati pa zimbalangondo zakuda, pali zonse zazing'ono, zosapitirira 60 kg, ndi zimbalangondo zazikulu zolemera pafupifupi 300 kg. Kulemera kwake kumakhala makilogalamu 150. Kusiyanasiyana kwakukulu kwakukula kumachitika chifukwa chakuti pali mitundu 16 yazachilengedwe, zolemera mosiyanasiyana. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala okulirapo kuposa akazi, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu.
Mbali yapadera ndi tinki tolunjika, totalikirana, makamaka makutu akulu. Mapazi ndi ataliatali, okhala ndi mapazi achidule komanso misomali yayitali yokwanira, yopangidwira kukwera mitengo. Kusiyanitsa ndi m'bale wake wapafupi, chimbalangondo cha grizzly, ndiko kusowa kwa phewa lamapewa komanso kufota pang'ono.
Chovala cha chimbalangondo chaku America ndi chachifupi komanso chowala, chakuda kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti ana azaka ziwiri za baribala amakhala ndi mtundu wowala, womwe umasintha kukhala wakuda. Kawirikawiri, pansi pammero, malo owala oyera, beige kapena bulauni amatha kuwonedwa.
Komabe, asayansi apezanso mitundu ina. Chimodzi mwazofala kwambiri chizikhala cha bulauni. Nthawi zina zimachitika kuti ana onse akuda ndi abulawuni amatha kupezeka mu zinyalala zomwezo. Mitundu yosowa kwambiri ndi yakuda buluu ndi yoyera-chikasu, yomwe siwonetseratu za albinism.
Kutalika kwa moyo kumatha kufikira zaka 25, koma pafupifupi 90% ya zimbalangondo sizifika zaka ziwiri. Choyambitsa imfa nthawi zambiri chimakhala alenje kapena osaka nyama.
Kodi bere wakuda amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Chimbalangondo chachikulu chakuda
Baribala imapezeka pafupifupi ku Canada, Alaska, mayiko ambiri aku US komanso ngakhale pakati pa Mexico. Malo ake amakhala makamaka m'chigwa ndi m'nkhalango zamapiri, koma amatha kutuluka mmenemo kupita kumalo osaka kukafunafuna nyama. M'mapiri amatha kukwera mpaka 3000 m pamwamba pamadzi.
M'nyengo yozizira, chimbalangondo chakuda chimabisala. Amatha kupangira khola m'mizu yamitengo, kuliika ndi udzu wouma kapena masamba, kapena kungokumba dzenje laling'ono ndikugona momwemo nthawi yachisanu. Kusinthasintha kwa nkhalango mu zimbalangondo zakuda ndizotheka chifukwa chakuti zidasinthika pamodzi ndi mitundu ikuluikulu komanso yankhanza kwambiri, mwachitsanzo, chimbalangondo cha grizzly, chomwe chidatha pafupifupi zaka 10,000 zapitazo ndipo chikadali chamoyo, chomwe chidalanda malo otseguka.
Komanso, osowa amatha kupezeka m'malo osawonongedwa, amtchire komanso akumidzi. Amatha kuzolowera kukhala kumadera akumidzi, bola ngati ali ndi chakudya chokwanira. Chifukwa chake, malo okhala chimbalangondo chakuda ndi malo osafikika ndi zomera zokhazikika komanso mwayi wopeza chakudya.
Kodi chimbalangondo chakuda chimadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Black Bear waku America
Baribal ndiye omnivore. Chakudya chake chimakhala ndi zakudya zoyambira: udzu, zipatso ndi zipatso. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kadyedwe kamasiyana malinga ndi malo. Mosasamala kanthu za malo ake, chimbalangondo chakuda chimadyetsa zakudya zam'magulu ambiri ndi zakudya zomwe zimakhala ndi beck ndi mafuta ochepa.
Komabe, imatha kudyetsa tizilombo ndi mphutsi zawo, nyama ndi nsomba. Nyama yomwe amadya idakhala ndi nyama yakufa. Chimbalangondo chakuda chimadyetsa nyama zamoyo zokhazokha pokhapokha, chifukwa sichidya nyama.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti zimbalangondo zomwe zimadya zakudya zamapuloteni ndizolemera kwambiri kuposa anzawo ndipo zimawonetsa kubereka. Chimbalangondo chakuda chimatha kudya zochuluka momwe chingakwanemo. Kenako amagona, ndiyeno ayambanso kufunafuna chakudya.
Pa nthawi yozizira komanso nthawi yachisanu, njala ikasowa, chimbalangondo chimakhalabe ndi moyo chifukwa cha mafuta omwe amasonkhana nyengo yachisanu isanachitike. Mu Epulo ndi Meyi, udzu umakhala maziko a zakudya za baribal. M'chilimwe, chakudya chimakhala chosiyanasiyana, pomwe mphutsi, tizilombo, zipatso, bowa ndi zipatso zimapezeka mmenemo. M'madera a Alaska ndi Canada, nsomba zikamatuluka, zibambo zimabwera kudzaza madzi ndi nsomba.
Mukugwa, chimbalangondo chakuda chikuyenera kusungabe mafuta okwanira ochepa. Vutoli ndilovuta kwambiri kwa akazi, chifukwa amayenera kudyetsa anawo nthawi yachisanu. Malo osungira mafuta amapulumutsa zimbalangondo ndikuwathandiza kupulumuka nthawi yanjala.
Chifukwa chake, zakudya za chimbalangondo chakuda zitha kugawidwa mu:
- chakudya chochokera ku masamba (masamba, udzu, zipatso, bowa, mtedza);
- nyongolotsi;
- mphutsi za mphutsi;
- nyama (makamaka nyama yakufa ndi makoswe);
- nsomba (salimoni panthawi yobereka);
- chakudya choyambira munthu (nyama ikafika pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu).
Makhalidwe ndi moyo
Chithunzi: Chimbalangondo chakuda m'nkhalango
Zimbalangondo zakuda nthawi zambiri zimakhala zokha. Chokhacho ndi nthawi yokhwima ndi zimbalangondo zomwe zimakhala ndi anawo. Amathanso kusokonekera m'magulu, m'malo momwe muli chakudya chokwanira. Poterepa, utsogoleri wolingana ndi chikhalidwe umamangidwa m'gulu.
Nthawi ya ntchito ndi madzulo, kapena m'mawa. Komabe, ngati kuli koyenera kupewa kukumana ndi nyama zina kapena anthu, zimatha kukhala ndi moyo wakusiku. Amuna amalemba gawo lawo ndi kafungo koopseza amuna ena. Amalemba gawo lawo, amapaka nsana wawo pamtengo. Chimbalangondo chimodzi chimakhala cha 5 mpaka 50 km2, ngakhale azimayi angapo amatha kukhala m'chigawo chimodzi chimbalangondo.
Kutha kwa nthawi yophukira ndi nthawi yoti ulole. Kutalika kwake kumachokera miyezi 5 mpaka 7, kutengera nyengo ndi zina. Munthawi yake, kutentha kwa thupi la chimbalangondo kumatsikira mpaka 10 digiri Celsius. Baribi sali kutali ndi chimbalangondo chosowa. Amatha kufikira liwiro la 55 km / h, amasambira mwangwiro ndipo amatha kusambira makilomita angapo. Chimbalangondo chakuda ndichabwino kwambiri kukwera mitengo, makamaka chifukwa cha zikhadabo zopangidwira izi. Chifukwa chake, zimbalangondozi ndi nyama zolimba, zothamanga, zolimba komanso zachangu mokwanira.
Chimbalangondo chakuda chimakhala ndi fungo labwino kwambiri, choposa cha munthu kamodzi, chimamvanso bwino, kuposa munthuyo kangapo. Asayansi akuwona kuthekera kwakukulu kwakaluntha komanso kuthamanga msanga kwa nyamazi. Zimbalangondo izi sizikhala zaukali konse. Amayesetsa kupewa mikangano, kubisala kapena kuthawa. Pokhudzana ndi munthu amakhala mwamantha ndipo samakonda kuukira, koma kuthawa.
Ngati munthu wakumana ndi wosafa, sayenera kunamizira kuti wamwalira, popeza ndi obvundula, kapena kuyesa kukwera mumtengo, chifukwa zimbalangondozi zimakwera bwino kwambiri. Kuti mupulumutse, yopsezani chilombocho mofuula kwambiri.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Black Bear Cubs
Gawo lamwamuna m'modzi limatha kulowa gawo la akazi. Akazi amakumana ndi amuna nthawi ya estrus. Estrus imakhalapo kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa nyengo yokwanira mpaka nthawi yokwanira. Nthawi yokwatirana imayamba kuyambira Juni mpaka theka loyamba la Julayi.
Mpaka nthawi yophukira, mazira omwe amakhala ndi umuna sadzaikidwa m'chiberekero. Poganizira kuti kuyika sikuchitika nthawi yomweyo, nthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati imatenga masiku pafupifupi 220, ndipo pokhapokha mafuta ochepa ataphatikizidwa. Kukula m'masabata 10 okha kumachitika m'mimba.
Ana amabadwa mu Januware kapena February, nthawi zambiri nthawi yozizira. Chiwerengero cha anawo chimasiyana kuyambira 1 mpaka 5. Kawirikawiri pali 2-3 mwa iwo mu zinyalala. Pakubadwa, chimbalangondo chakuda chimalemera magalamu 200 kapena 400 okha. Ndi umodzi mwamatumba ang'onoang'ono kwambiri a mammalian poyerekeza ndi wamkulu.
Ana amabadwa akhungu ndi ofooka. M'nyengo yozizira ya mayi, amadya mkaka wake ndikukhala nawo. Pofika masika amafikira 2 mpaka 5 kilogalamu. Amasiya kudya mkaka ali ndi miyezi 6-8, koma amasiya mayi atakwanitsa miyezi 17. Nthawi yonseyi, mayi amaphunzitsa ana maluso ofunikira pamoyo wawo. Amuna amangochita nawo mosakonzekera kulera ana, kuwateteza ku zoopsa zomwe sizingachitike, osachita nawo nawo maphunziro awo.
Ana amabadwa mu Januware kapena February, nthawi zambiri nthawi yobereka ya amayi. Chiwerengero cha anawo chimasiyana kuyambira 1 mpaka 5. Kawirikawiri ana 2-3 amabadwa mu zinyalala. Mwana wakhanda wobadwa kumene amalemera magalamu 200 mpaka 400. Pobadwa, amakhala akhungu komanso osadziteteza. Amakhala ndi amayi awo nthawi yonse yozizira ndikudya mkaka wawo. Pofika kumayambiriro kwa masika, anawo amalemera makilogalamu 2 mpaka 5.
Mkazi amafika pofika pa msinkhu wazaka ziwiri kapena kupitilira apo. Amatha kubereka ana chaka chimodzi atatha msinkhu. Amuna okhwima ali ndi zaka 3-4. Komabe, kukula kwawo kumapitilira mpaka zaka 10-12. Ndipamene zimakhala zazikulu kwambiri kotero kuti zimatha kulamulira zimbalangondo zazing'ono popanda kumenya nawo nkhondo.
Adani achilengedwe a zimbalangondo zakuda
Chithunzi: Black Bear Baribal
Akuluakulu alibe adani achilengedwe. Komabe, zimbalangondo zazikuluzikulu, ma cougars, mapaketi a mimbulu ndi amphaka atha kuwopsa. Komanso ku South of America, pike alligator amakhala mdani wachilengedwe wa baribal.
Asayansi akuwona kuti nambala yonse ya zimbalangondo za grizzly ikangotsika m'dera linalake, kuchuluka kwa zimbalangondo zakuda kumakulirakulira.
Zimbalangondo zazing'ono zakuda nthawi zambiri zimakhala nyama ya zimbalangondo zina zazikuluzikulu, mimbulu, nkhandwe, zikuku ndi zina zoyipa. Ana aang'ono amatha kugwidwa ndi zilombo zazikuluzikulu.
Popeza mtundu uwu wa zimbalangondo sizowopsa, nthawi zambiri umakhala mutu wosakidwa ndi anthu. Mafuta awo ndi bile nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchipatala, zinthu zambiri zapamwamba zimapangidwa ndi ubweya, ndipo nyama yawo imakhalanso yokoma.
Nthawi zina, zimbalangondo zakuda zikamayendayenda pagulu la anthu, zimatha kubweretsa zovuta zina ngati ziweto zong'ambika komanso kuwonongeka kwakukulu. M'mbiri yonse, milandu 58 yokha yokhudza kuzunzika kwa munthu wosabala munthu ndi yomwe yajambulidwa. Ngozi yapadera imachokera kwa akazi okhala ndi ana.
Chifukwa chofala kwambiri chakufa chimbalangondo chakuda ndi anthu. Chifukwa cha ntchito za anthu opha nyama mosaka nyama komanso alenje m'madera ena, baribal amayenera kutengedwa pansi pa chitetezo cha boma.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Black Bear
Kuyambira zaka za m'ma 1900, mitundu yaziphuphu idachepetsedwa kwambiri, koma chifukwa cha njira zoteteza nyama, chimbalangondo chakuda chidayambanso kufalikira m'malo omwe amakhala. Ofufuzawo akuti m'mapaki ndi malo osungidwa, anthu akuchulukirachulukira.
Pakadali pano, padziko lapansi pali mbalame pafupifupi 600,000, ambiri mwa iwo amakhala kumpoto kwa America. Kukula kwa zimbalangondo kumasiyanasiyana kwambiri, ngati kudera limodzi kuli pafupifupi 30 zikwi, ndiye kuti kudera lina kulibe. Ku Mexico, mitundu yawo yatsala pang'ono kutha, chifukwa cha izi, kusaka nyama izi ndikoletsedwa kumeneko.
Komabe, m'malo ena amaloledwa kusaka chimbalangondo chakuda. Ubweya, nyama ndi mafuta ndizofunika kwambiri pamsika wakuda. The paws and gallbladder of the baribal is traditionally used in Asia wowerengeka mankhwala. Kuyambira kale, zosakaniza izi zimawerengedwa kuti ndizolimbikitsa komanso kutalikitsa moyo.
Chifukwa chake, zipewa zakuda zotchuka za alonda achingerezi zidapangidwa ndi ubweya wa nyama izi. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1950 mokha, zimbalangondo pafupifupi 800 zinaphedwa. Komanso, zimbalangondozi zimawomberedwa, chifukwa zimawerengedwa kuti ndi tizirombo. Amatha kuwononga ziweto, kuwononga minda, minda ndi malo owetera, koma kuwonongeka kwawo kumakokomezedwa kwambiri.
Chimbalangondo chakuda akukumana ndi zoopsa nthawi zonse. Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa malo ake okhala, kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe komanso kuwombera kosalekeza m'malo ena, zidawopsezedwa kuti zitha. Komabe, tsopano zonse zotheka zikuchitika kuti zisawonongeke.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 05.03.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/15/2019 pa 18:40
