M'modzi mwa oimira owoneka bwino kwambiri pazamoyo zam'madzi, zomwe zimayambitsa kukomoka kwamitundu yowala, yowutsa mudyo, yamitundu yambiri - nsomba za parrot... Poganizira chilengedwe chotere, munthu amasangalala ndi momwe chilengedwe "chidanyozera" cholengedwa ichi. Amajambulidwa ndikujambulidwa chifukwa amawerengedwa kuti ndi amodzi mwa nyama zabwino kwambiri zam'madzi.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Parrot fish
Asayansi adapeza nsomba iyi mu 1810 ndipo, nthawi yomweyo, adapeza koyamba. Amatcha mtundu uwu parrot kapena skar. Amakhala m'gulu la nsomba zopangidwa ndi ray, dongosolo - wrasse. Mayina asayansi apadziko lonse a parrotfish Scaridae. Amakhala makamaka m'malo otentha komanso otentha, m'madzi ofunda, komwe kutentha sikutsika kuposa madigiri 20.
Malo okondedwa a nsomba ndi miyala yamchere yamchere. Amangokhala pafupi nawo, chifukwa amadya chakudya chomwe chili pamapale a coral. Sali waukali, ngakhale wochezeka pang'ono. Munthu amatha kusambira naye modekha, ndipo amalola kuti ajambulidwe. Ndipo chifukwa chakuti nsombazi zimasambira pang'onopang'ono, ndizosangalatsa kuziwombera pa kamera.
Koma pali nthawi zina pomwe opatuka samachita bwino ndipo amatha "parrot". Nsomba yowopsya imapweteka mwa kuluma ndi mano ake amphamvu omwe ali olimba ngati chitsulo kapena kumenya ndi mchira wake. Ndipo kuchokera kuubwenzi wa nsombayi, sipadzakhala zotsalira.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Parrot nsomba yamchere yamchere
Nsombayo idadziwika ndi mulomo wake, womwe umafanana ndi mlomo wa chinkhwe - osakhala pakamwa pobweza ndipo unasakaniza zibwano pa nsagwada. Kukula kwa munthu wamkulu kumachokera pa 20 cm mpaka 50 cm, pali mtundu umodzi wa nsomba, pomwe kukula kwake kumatha kukhala 2 - 2.5 nthawi zokulirapo (green pine cone - Bolbometopon muricatum). Kutalika kwake kumatha kufikira 130 cm ndikulemera mpaka 40 kg.
Mtundu wakunja ndi wamtambo wabuluu, wofiirira, wobiriwira, wokhala ndi zinthu zofiira, zachikasu, mawanga a lalanje. Mitundu ya nsombayo ndiyosiyanasiyana: mutha kupeza nsomba zomwe zimakhala zobiriwira zokha kapena zamtambo, kapena zimatha kukhala zamitundu yonse. Kapena tricolor, zimatengera mtundu wamtundu wawo komanso komwe amakhala.
Kanema: Nsomba Ya Parrot
Mphumi yamphamvu, thupi la fusiform, ndi zipsepse zingapo zantchito. Zipsepse za nsomba zam'mimba zimapangidwa kwambiri, koma ngati kuli kofunika kunyamuka, kuthawa adani, ndiye kuti kumapeto - mchira umatembenukira pantchitoyo. Maso okhala ndi irises a lalanje omwe amakhala pambali pa mutu.
Nsagwada zimapangidwa ndi mbale ziwiri, zopangidwa ndi magulu awiri a mano. Amasakanikirana ndikulola "parrot" kuti ipepete chakudya kuchokera m'makorali, ndipo mano amkati am'mimba amachiphwanya. “Mano amapangidwa ndi zinthu - fluoropatin. Ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zodalirika kwambiri, zolimba kuposa golidi, mkuwa kapena siliva, ndipo chimapangitsa nsagwada kukhala zolimba. "
Dorsal fin imakhala ndimizeremizere 9 ndi cheza 10 chofewa. Mchira wa 11-ray. Mambawo ndi akulu, cycloidal. Ndipo pali 25 mafupa a msana msana.
Kodi parrot fish amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Mbalame yamphongo yamphongo
Malo okhala nsomba "zokongola" - miyala yosaya ya Pacific, Indian ndi Atlantic Ocean, komanso Mediterranean, Caribbean ndi Red Sea. Mutha kupeza nsomba imodzi komanso magulu ang'onoang'ono akusambira m'malo osaya, pafupifupi 2 mpaka 20 mita.
Nsomba iliyonse imakhala ndi pogona pokha, yomwe imatha kuteteza. Chifukwa chake, akasonkhana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono m'chigawo chawo, amathamangitsa mlendo aliyense amene akulowerera pazinthu zawo. Mphindiyi ndiyofunika kwambiri kwa iwo, chifukwa "m'nyumba" yawo amabisala usiku ku nyama zina zowopsa zam'nyanja.
Kusambira pansi pamadzi nthawi zambiri kumawona pafupi ndi miyala yamchere yamchere chifukwa ndi malo okondedwa kwambiri. Zosiyanasiyana zimajambula ndi kuzijambula. Nsombazi zimasambira pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azijambula bwino. Amawoneka masana okha, chifukwa usiku nsomba zimabisala "m'nyumba" zawo.
Tsoka ilo, nsomba zotere sizingasungidwe kunyumba. Chifukwa chakapangidwe kake ka mano, komwe kumafunikira biomaterial yapadera yopera mano. Ndipo awa atha kukhala miyala yamiyala yopanga miyala, yomwe anthu sangathe kuwapatsa nsomba nthawi zonse.
Malo okhawo kupatula malo osambira pansi pamadzi omwe mungathe kuwona ndikuyang'ana nsomba iyi pafupi ndi malo akuluakulu am'madzi. Kumeneko amapatsidwa chilichonse chofunikira kuti nsombazo zizimva ngati malo ake. Ndipo aliyense amatha kuwona kukongola koteroko pafupi.
Kodi parrot nsomba amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Nsomba ya Blue Parrot
Nsomba za Parrot ndi zitsamba. Ma coral polyps ndi algae amakonda ngati mbale zazikulu. Amachotsa ndere zazing'ono m'matanthwe akufa, ndipo zidutswa zazing'ono zamiyala ndi miyala zimalowa m'mimba pamodzi ndi zomera. Koma izi ndizabwino kwa nsomba, chifukwa zimathandizira kugaya chakudya. Pambuyo pogaya zamoyo zopanda madzi, nsomba zimazichotsa mumchenga, kenako zimakhazikika kunyanja.
Nsomba za parrot zimapulumutsa matanthwe ku imfa ndi kutsamwa, chifukwa chothira ndere zazing'ono m'miyala yamakorali, komanso amadya nyongolotsi zowola, mollusks, zomera, masiponji, ndi zina zambiri. Izi zimatchedwa bioerosion. Chifukwa cha izi, amatchedwa dongosolo lamiyala yamiyala yamiyala.
Amakonda kudya m'mayiwe. Ndiko komwe kuli nsomba zambiri zomwe amakonda. Amayesetsa kukafika komweko ndi mafunde ambiri. Mitundu ina ya parrotfish, yomwe ili ndi mitundu yoposa 90, imadya mitundu yambiri ya molluscs ndi nyama zina za benthic zomwe zimakhala mkatikati mwa nyanja.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Parrot fish
Moyo wa nsomba umakhala payekha. Amayesa kukhala mdera lake "lake", pafupi ndi malo ake obisalapo, kuti abisalire mnyumba mwake pakagwa ngozi. Malo oterewa ali pafupi ndi zigwa za miyala yamiyala yamiyala, mapanga. Ndipo siyasiya malo ake okhala, popeza chakudya chonse chachikulu chimakhala pa matanthwe.
Usiku ukangogwa, mbalame yotchedwa parrotfish yochokera mkamwa imatulutsa ntchofu mozungulira, yomwe imapanga kanema wapadera woteteza. Chitetezo ichi chimalepheretsa fungo la nsombazo kufalikira komanso nyama zomwe zimasaka usiku pogwiritsa ntchito fungo lawo. Njirayi imathandizanso kuchiritsa mabala omwe amapezeka mumtsinje, chifukwa ntchentche imatha kupha tizilombo.
Pochita izi, nsomba imagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zake mpaka 4%, tsiku lonse. Chitetezo chotere sichimavomereza tiziromboti tina toyamwa magazi, mwachitsanzo, isopods, kuchokera kumagulu azigamba. Pofuna kuti madzi azizungulira choko, nsombayo imasiya mabowo mbali zonse ziwiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi azidutsa momasuka. M'mawa kutacha, adakakanda kanemayu ndi mano ake akuthwa, ndikupita kukafunafuna chakudya.
Chosangalatsa - parrotfish imodzi imatha kupanga mchenga wa kilogalamu 90 pachaka, chifukwa chodyedwa modabwitsa. " Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, miyala ndi zidutswa za matanthwe, zomwe zimalowa mchakudya ndi ndere, zimatuluka ngati mchenga wosweka. Mchenga wosakhwima ndi wabwinowu umapezeka m'mbali mwa nyanja, momwe parrotfish amakhala.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Parrot nsomba yamchere yamchere
Pakati pa nthawi yobereka, nsomba za parrot zimasonkhana m'magulu. Gululo limakhala ndi yamphongo imodzi kapena ziwiri zazikulu ndi zazikazi zingapo. "Koma zimachitika kuti champhongo sichikhala m'gulu lankhosa, ndiyeno nthawi imadzafika pamene mkazi m'modzi, nthawi zambiri wamkulu kwambiri pagululo, amayenera kusintha kugonana - kuti akhale hermaphrodite."
Kusintha kwakugonana kumachitika milungu ingapo. Choncho, parrotfish imakhala hermaphrodite. Ma Hermaphrodites ndianthu omwe amatha kupanga mazira ndi umuna. Njira yotereyi imatha kupezeka mu nsomba pamoyo wawo wonse - kangapo. Kupatula mtundu umodzi - marble. Mtunduwu sukusintha mtundu wawo.
Pambuyo pobereka, mazirawo amatengedwa ndi abambo, kenako nkupita nawo kumadzi. Kukula kwa mazira kumachitika masana, mwachangu kumawoneka, pomwe pansi pa dziwe amakhala otetezeka. Apa ndipomwe mphutsi zimakula ndikudya pa plankton.
Mukamakula kuchokera mwachangu kupita ku nsomba zazikulu, magawo 2-3 amapita, pomwe amasintha mtundu wawo. Mwachangu ndi amtundu wolimba, wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yaying'ono ndi timadontho. Mwa munthu wopanda msinkhu, mitundu yofiirira, yofiira kapena yofiirira imakhalapo. Ndipo wamkuluyo amadziwika kale ndi mtundu wabuluu, wobiriwira, wofiirira. Kwa moyo wake wonse, nsomba ya parrot imatha kusintha utoto wake kangapo.
Fry ikangotuluka kuchokera ku mphutsi, zimapita ku ma coral polyps, komwe algae wachinyamatayo amakhala chakudya chachikulu. Amapezanso pogona kumeneko. Kutalika kwa nsomba yotchedwa parrot nsomba m'malo mwake kumakhala pafupifupi zaka 9 mpaka 11.
Adani achilengedwe a nsomba za parrot
Chithunzi: Parrot nsomba m'nyanja
Parrot fish ilibe magetsi, minga kapena poyizoni. Amagwiritsa ntchito mamina okha kuti adziteteze. Chifukwa chake, njira imodzi yodzitetezera ndi ntchofu, yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito usiku osati kokha, komanso masana pakagwa ngozi. Ndipo chiwopsezo chake chitha kubwera kuchokera kwa munthu amene wagwira nsomba zamtunduwu chifukwa cha mikhalidwe yake yamtengo wapatali, thanzi lake komanso ntchito zake.
Pogwira nsomba ndi maukonde, nthawi yomweyo komanso zambiri zimayamba kutulutsa mafuta ake, koma, mwatsoka, njira yodzitchinjiriza iyi, ikagwidwa ndi munthu amene akugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera, siyothandiza. Ndipo kwa anthu, chikoko sichowopsa, m'malo mwake - chimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri zothandiza ndi mavitamini.
Adaniwo atha kuphatikizanso majeremusi oyamwa magazi kuchokera ku ma crustaceans apamwamba - isopods. A Shark, eels ndi ena osaka usiku amasaka nsomba za parrot ndi mphamvu yawo ya kununkhiza. Kuti athamangitse alendo ochokera kudera lawo, mbalamezi zimasonkhana pagulu. Pogwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe akuthwa ndi mano olimba, amawopseza ndikuwathamangitsa m'nyumba zawo pagulu.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Mbalame yamphongo yamphongo
Pali mitundu pafupifupi 10 m'banja la nsombazi:
- Green cone parrotfish - 1 mitundu. Nsomba yayikulu kwambiri, yolemera makilogalamu 45 ndikukula mpaka masentimita 130. Amakhala pafupifupi zaka 40, anthu achikazi ndi amuna amapentedwa ndi utoto womwewo. Mukamamenya nkhondo, amatha kuthamangira ndi chipumi chawo chachikulu.
- Cetoscarus - mitundu iwiri: Cetoscarus ocellatus ndi Cetoscarus bicolor. M'litali amakula mpaka masentimita 90. Zowala kwambiri mumitundu yowutsa mudyo. Ma hermaphrodite otsatizana amabadwa achikazi, koma amasintha kugonana kwawo. Mtundu uwu udapezeka mu 1956.
- Chlorurus - mitundu 18.
- Hipposcarus - mitundu iwiri.
- Scarus - mitundu 56. Kukula kwa zamoyo zambiri kumafika masentimita 30 - 70. Mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu imakhala m'madzi ofunda a Gulf of Mexico ndi Caribbean. Ndipamene nyengo imakhala yotentha, komanso malo okhala ndi miyala yamchere amakhala ndi chakudya chambiri chokomera komanso mbalame zotchedwa zinkhwe.
- Calotomus (Calotomy) - mitundu isanu.
- Cryptotomus - mitundu 1.
- Leptoscarus (Leptoscars) - 1 mitundu.
- Nicholsina (Nikolsiny) - mitundu iwiri.
- Sparisoma (Sparisoma) - mitundu 15.
Masiku ano, pafupifupi mitundu 99 ya nsomba za parrot imadziwika ndi asayansi. Koma palibe amene adaletsa kupezeka kwa mitundu yatsopano, ndipo, mwina, zaka 10 - 15, zisintha kukhala zabwino kapena zoyipa. Kusintha kwanyengo kumatha kuyambitsa mitundu yatsopano ya nsomba, kapena kuchuluka kwa anthu kukhoza kutsika.
Parrot nsomba Mwa oimira omwe akukhala munyanja kuti asangalatse ndi malingaliro awo okongola. Amapindulitsa miyala yamtengo wapatali (powayeretsa), anthu, ndikupanga mchenga womwe timakonda kuyenda. Amatipatsa mwayi wojambula zithunzi zokongola ndikusilira. Nsombazi ndizofunika kuzisilira, ngakhale mutapita kukaona aquarium.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 09.03.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/18/2019 pa 21:06
