Usodzi mphaka ali ndi mawonekedwe achilendo kwambiri a akaziwa - sangathe kulingalira moyo wopanda chopangira madzi, womugonjetsayo. Ichi ndi nyama yokongola kwambiri, yodziyimira pawokha komanso yokoma yomwe imakonda kukhala m'malo obisika. Posachedwa, okonda ena achilendo ayamba kusunga mphaka ngati chiweto, ngakhale mawonekedwe ake ndi ovuta kwambiri, ndipo si onse omwe angathe kuthana ndi kudziyimira pawokha.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Cat Cat
Mphaka wosodza ali ndi mayina ambiri:
- mphaka wa nsomba;
- mphaka wamawangamawanga;
- mphaka wamphongo;
- Mphaka waku Asia.
Mphaka wamawangamawanga wotchedwa chifukwa cha ubweya wake, womwe umakutidwa ndi timadontho takuda. Adapeza chiganizo "viverry" dzina lake, tk. kunja, ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi civet zolusa (civet), amene amakhala subtropics. Wodya nyama wa banja lachifwamba amakhala moyo wachinsinsi komanso wokhala yekha, wokhala komwe munthu samatha kudutsa.
Zing'onozing'ono sizikudziwika za mbiri yakale ya mitundu iyi. Zikuwonekeratu chinthu chimodzi chokha, kuti chilombocho chimapewa kulumikizana ndi anthu, chili ndi chikhalidwe chosalamulirika. Dzina lenileni la nyama iyi silimangonena zokonda zake zokha, komanso malo omwe amakonda, pomwe madzi amayenera kukhalapo pafupi.
Kanema: Usodzi Mphaka
Akatswiri a sayansi ya zinyama amasiyanitsa mitundu iwiri ya nyama zosangalatsazi. Zonsezi sizikhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyana, zimangosiyana kukula kwake. Amphaka omwe amakhala kumwera, kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia ndi pachilumba cha Sumatra, kuphatikiza, ndi akulu kwambiri kuposa amtundu anzawo omwe amakhala ku Bali ndi Java. Chiwerengero cha amphaka achilendowa ndi ochepa kwambiri, nyama zimasiyanitsidwa, chifukwa chake ndizochepa kwambiri zomwe zimadziwika pazomwe amachita.
Makhalidwe ndi zizolowezi zambiri zawerengedwa pazitsanzo zomwe zimakhala mu ukapolo. Mtundu wamphaka wakum'mawawu ndi wapadera, wosiyanasiyana m'njira zambiri kuchokera kwa amphaka oimira amphaka. Tiyeni tiyese kumvetsetsa mwatsatanetsatane ma nuances ena kuti tipeze momwe zingathere pa moyo wa mphaka wodabwitsa uyu.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kusodza nyama yamphaka
Mphaka wa nsomba amawoneka wokongola kwambiri, womwe umadziwika ndi pafupifupi banja lonse la mphaka. Chilombo cholimba ndi cholimba ichi chimakhala ndi kukula kwakukulu. Kulemera kwa amuna kumafika makilogalamu 15, ndipo akazi - mpaka 10. Thupi lonse la mphaka limakhala lolimba kwambiri komanso lophunzitsidwa, nthawi yomweyo zimawonekeratu kuti uyu ndi wosaka mwakhama komanso wolimba. Thupi, limodzi ndi mchira, limafikira kutalika kwa mita 1.2. Gulu la mchira ndilofanana kuyambira pansi mpaka kumapeto.
Mutu wa mphaka ndiwokulirapo wokhala ndi mphuno yayikulu. Ngati mutayang'ana mawonekedwe, mudzawona kuti mlatho wa mphuno sukuyimira pafupifupi, zomwe zimapangitsa nkhope kukhala yosalala. Mphuno ya nyamayi ndi yotakata kwambiri, izi zimathandiza pamene imira pansi komanso ikakhala m'madzi. Ndipo ndiwothamangira bwino kwambiri, ndizodabwitsa kuti mphaka amatha kupuma mwamphamvu ndipo, kwinaku akusambira, amapuma. Makutu a nyamayo ndi aukhondo, ozungulira, osindikizidwa pang'ono kumutu. Maso ndi akuya, owonekera, akuwonetsa kudziyimira pawokha komanso kudzidalira, anawo ndi owongoka. Zipangizo za nsagwada za amphaka otere ndi zamphamvu kwambiri, zimawonekeratu kuti ali ndi bulldog grip.
Ankhondo osatopa mwachilengedwe, amphaka amakhala ndi zikulu zazikulu, zaminyewa komanso zolimba. Mbali yaikulu yamiyendo yamphamvuyi ndi kukhalapo kwa nembanemba, chifukwa chake mphaka amasambira ngati diver wodziwa zambiri. Zonse chifukwa cha nembanemba zomwezo, zikhadabo za angler sizibwerera mmbuyo ngati ma feline ena. Pokhala ndi zikopa zamphamvu kwambiri komanso olimba mtima, amphaka saopa kulimbana ngakhale ndi nyama zolusa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri amapambana nkhondoyi.
Chilengedwe chapatsa mphaka mtundu wobisala mtundu kuti m'nkhalango ziziphatikizana ndi chilengedwe. Chiyambi chachikulu cha ubweya wa imvi ndi utoto wachikasu pang'ono. Ili ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso osiyana ndi madontho akuda ndi mikwingwirima. Pali mikwingwirima yokongola pamphumi, pamutu ndi mchira, ndi malo amdima mthupi lonse. Chovala cha ubweya wa mphaka sichimangokhala chofunda komanso chowundana, komanso chimathamangitsa madzi. Chovalacho chimadzaza kwambiri, chachifupi komanso chosalala pang'ono.
Kodi mphaka wa nsomba amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Mphaka Wosodza Civet
Ngati mukukwaniritsa cholinga chokumana ndi mphaka m'malo omwe amaperekedweratu, ndiye kuti ntchitoyi ndiyosatheka. Wodya nyama uyu ndiwosamala kwambiri mwakuti sizokayikitsa kuti amadzimva yekha, ngakhale atakhala kutali ndi inu, kucheza si malo ake olimba. Komabe, sizovuta kuganiza kuti, kutengera dzinali, nyamayi imakonda madzi, chifukwa chake ili ndi chilolezo chokhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi.
Nzosadabwitsa kuti mphaka uno amatchedwa nsomba ndi Asia, chifukwa amakhala ku Asia, kapena, kumwera chakum'mawa kwake.
Mphaka wa civet amakhala mu:
- Vietnam;
- Thailand;
- India;
- Pakistan;
- kudera laling'ono la India;
- ku Sri Lanka;
- Java;
- Sumatra.
Mphaka wa nsomba amatenga ulendo wopita kumtunda, wokhala ndi tchire losadutsa, nkhalango zowirira. Zolusa zimakonda kukhala m'nkhalango zowirira, m'mbali mwa mitsinje, m'mangowe, pafupi ndi nyanja zazing'ono zam'mapiri ndi mitsinje. Amapezekanso kumtunda wabwino (pafupifupi 2 km) m'nkhalango za Himalaya.
Mwambiri, mphaka wam'madzi amakhala m'matope a m'chigawo cha Asia. Mfundo zazikulu posankha malo oti zigwiritsidwe ntchito ndi kupezeka kwa gawo lamadzi ndi nkhalango zowirira, komwe mungakhale moyo wobisika komanso wodziyimira panokha. Ngakhale zitamveka zomvetsa chisoni bwanji, kuchuluka kwa nyama zodabwitsa ndizochepa kwambiri, chifukwa chake simudzawapeza, asodzi a civet ali pachiwopsezo chothedwa, zomwe siziyenera kuloledwa.
Kodi mphaka amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Mphaka wosodza
Mwachilengedwe, mndandanda waukulu wa mphaka wotere ndi nsomba. Kuphatikiza pa nsomba, mphaka amatha kudya achule, nkhanu, zokhala ngati nkhono, nkhanu, njoka, mitundu yonse ya tizilombo ndi makoswe. Amakondanso kudya mbalame. Nyamayo imatha kusakanso nyama zazikulu monga galu, ng'ombe, ndi nkhosa. Mphaka sangakane nyama zakufa zomwe zatsalira atadya nyama zazikulu.
Asayansi adachita kafukufuku wazinyama ndipo, malinga ndi kusanthula, adapeza kuti, pafupifupi 75 peresenti ya chakudya cha mphaka ndi nsomba. Nsomba imodzi yokha, osawerengera zakudya zina, tsiku limodzi mphaka wamkulu amadya pafupifupi kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka. Udzu udazindikiridwanso pakuyesedwa kwa zakudya, mwachiwonekere, umakhala ngati gwero la mavitamini ofunikira ku thupi la feline.
Sizinaphunzire mokwanira, koma pali lingaliro loti moyo wa nyama umakhala usiku, kuwedza kumachitika makamaka madzulo. Mphaka ali ndi zidule zambiri pakusodza bwino. Nthawi zina amatha kungodikirira nsomba yaying'ono, kubisala pagombe pafupi ndi madzi, kenako nthawi yomweyo amadziponya m'madzi ndikudya khola kapena chikhomo. Njira ina ndikuyenda m'madzi osaya ndikugwira tinsomba tating'onoting'ono mwamphamvu. Pofuna kudya nyama yayikuluyo, mphaka amasambira ndikusambira, ndikutumizira kwambiri, amadzipeza yekha.
Mphaka wamawangamawanga ali ndi chinyengo china - imakopa nsomba, ndikupanga mayendedwe apamwamba kumtunda kwa madzi, kutsanzira tizilombo pamwamba pamadzi, nsomba nthawi zambiri zimatsogozedwa ndi izi ndipo zimagweranso m'manja mwamphamvu mwa msodzi waluso woponyedwa mwamadzi.
Kuphatikiza pa zolengedwa zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhala m'madzi, alenje amizeremizere amawopseza mbalame zam'madzi. Kuti ziwagwire, zimadumphira m'madzi pasadakhale, zimasambira pansi pamadzi mtunda wopita ku mbalameyo ndipo kuchokera pansi zimayigwira pamapazi ake. Kusaka kumtunda kumathandizanso ofunafuna chakudya olimba mtima komanso olimba mtima. Mphaka wosambira samangosambira bwino kwambiri, komanso chule wodabwitsa, ngakhale mitengo imamukopa kwambiri kuposa madzi.
Nthawi zina, zinthu zikakhala zothinana ndi chakudya, amphaka amatha kuwononga nkhuku ndi ziweto zazing'ono, koma izi sizimachitika kawirikawiri, mphaka amapewa munthu ndipo amabera ndikubera chifukwa chofunikira kwambiri kuti akhale ndi moyo. Titha kunena motsimikiza kuti kusaka kuli m'magazi a nyamayi yolimba mtima komanso yosatopa nayo!
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nsomba Yofiira
Moyo wamphaka wosodza siwachilendo poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya fining. Zonse ndizokhudza kukonda gawo lamadzi, lomwe limakhala ngati gwero la chakudya chokhazikika. Chinyama ndi cholimba kwambiri, cholimba, chimamva bwino komanso maso akuthwa (ngakhale usiku), wopatsidwa luso la kusambira bwino - zonsezi zimafotokoza mawonekedwe ndi chikhalidwe cha chilombochi.
Titha kunena kuti mawonekedwe ake ndiosasunthika, moyo wake ndi wachinsinsi komanso watcheru, zizolowezi zake ndizadyera, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi tambala, olimba mtima komanso wopanda mantha. Mtima wokonda ufulu wa paka ungagwidwe kokha ngakhale pang'ono pa daredevil wodabwitsayu. Nthawi zina kunyalanyaza kwake komanso kulimba mtima zimangodabwitsa.
Chochitika chosangalatsa, chotsimikizira mphamvu, mphamvu ndi kulimba mtima kosaneneka kwa chinyama ichi, chidachitika ku malo ena osungira nyama komwe kumakhala katsamba ka civet. Tsiku lina atathawa m'khola mwake ndikumakhala mu aviary ndi kambuku, nkhondo pakati pa amphaka awiri inali yosapeweka. Zotsatira zake, owonera onse adadabwitsidwa ndi zotsatira zake - msodziyo adapambana mosakayikira, ndipo nyalugwe wolemera kwambiri adamwalira.
Monga amphaka onse, amphaka a civet ndi aulesi pang'ono ndipo amakonda kugona bwino, kutambasula m'malo obisika kuchokera kuzomera pafupipafupi. Amatha kusaka masana, koma amakonda nthawi yamadzulo. Amuna amphongo amphamvu amafotokoza bwino madera awo. Nthawi zina chifukwa cha iye, mikangano komanso kusamvana kumachitika, kumenyananso kumachitika, koma amphaka sakuvulazana wina ndi mnzake. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti mikangano imathetsedwa mwamtendere kudzera pazokambirana, ndipo anthu oyenera kuchita zinthu amakonda kulumikizana, kupanga mawu osiyanasiyana:
- muyawo;
- kukuwa;
- kufuula;
- kugwedezeka;
- chiwawa;
- kubangula.
Iliyonse ya zida zomvekera imagogomezera momwe nyama iliri panthawi yake. Mwambiri, pali mwambi: pali mphamvu - palibe lingaliro lofunikira, siligwirizana ndi amphaka osodza. Amatha kuvomerezana pakati pawo popanda ndewu iliyonse kapena ndewu zopanda chifundo, ngakhale kuti mantha siomwe amakhala munyama izi.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Fisher Cat Cub
Palibe chidziwitso chochepa chokhudzana ndi kubereka ndi zizolowezi za amphaka amtchire panthawiyi, mbali iyi sinaphunzirepo kwenikweni, chifukwa chake pali malingaliro ambiri kuposa zowona. Amadziwika kuti amphaka alibe nyengo yeniyeni yokwatirana. Amatha kubereka chaka chonse. Amakula atakwanitsa miyezi 9.
Mimba mwa mkazi imakhala masiku opitilira makumi asanu ndi limodzi. Ana amatha kubadwa kuyambira 1 mpaka 4 zidutswa. Nthawi zambiri zimachitika kuti mphaka awiri kapena atatu amabadwa. Amphaka amabadwa akhungu ndipo amalemera magalamu 70 mpaka 170. iliyonse, kukula kwawo sikuthamanga kwambiri. Kwa tsiku lirilonse lomwe akhala, amakhala ndi kuchuluka kwakukula kwamagalamu 10 mpaka 11 okha, amawona m'masiku khumi ndi asanu ndi limodzi atakwanira.
Kwa mwezi woyamba ndi theka, mayi wamphaka amathandizira ana ndi mkaka wake, kenako amayesa nyama, koma amapitilizabe kudya mkaka. Mayi wolera amasiya kudyetsa anawo mkaka pafupi ndi zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Pofika miyezi isanu ndi inayi, amphaka amakhala atakula msinkhu, kutalika ndi kulemera kwawo kumafikira magawo a makolo awo. Posakhalitsa amasiya amayi awo, ndikumapita kukafunafuna gawo lawo loti azikhalamo kwamuyaya.
Kutengera ndi zomwe asodzi akuweta, mutha kuwona kuti wamwamuna amathandizira kwambiri polera ana ake, kusamalira ana mofanana ndi mayi. Momwe mphaka amachitira kuthengo poyerekeza ndi ana ake sizikudziwika. Mwinamwake, muzovuta zachilengedwe, malingaliro awo pa kulera ana amasintha modabwitsa. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti pansi pa chilengedwe amphaka amphaka amakhala zaka 12, ndipo ali mu ukapolo moyo wawo ndiwotalikirapo (zaka zopitilira 20).
Adani achilengedwe amphaka osodza
Chithunzi: Cat Cat
Mwachiwonekere, amphaka osodzetsa komanso olimba mtima amphaka amadziwika m'chigawo chonse, komwe amadziwika kuti ndiopanda mantha, chifukwa chake alibe opusa kuthengo. Apa mutha kutchula nyalugwe, yemwe ndi wokulirapo, koma nthawi zina amathawa. Mwambiri, asodzi amathawa kuthaŵa nyama zolusa zolusa, kulowa m'madzi komanso mumitengo; sizovuta kuzigwira. Zoyipa zazing'ono sizimakonda kusokonezana ndi asodzi opanikizika, podziwa kusasamala kwawo, kupanda mantha komanso mphamvu zawo.
Komabe, anthu ndiwo akuwopseza zolengedwa zodabwitsazi. Chifukwa cha ntchito zawo, amawononga madambo omwe amphakawa amakonda. Munthu amachita izi, kukonza malo omanga nyumba, kumanga malo olimapo, kuwononga chilengedwe. Kusodza kosasunthika komanso kusaka kosakhudzanso moyo wa mphaka, kumabweretsa kusowa kwa chakudya. Zikakhala zovuta kwambiri, nyamayo imakakamizidwa kupita kukaba, komwe imatha kufa ndi manja a anthu. Chifukwa cha izi zonse, amphaka amphaka ndi ochepa kwambiri, kukula kwake sikuwonedwa, ndipo nyama ikuopsezedwa kuti ithe.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Wosodza nyama zamphaka
Mphaka wosowa kwambiri akhoza kukhala nthano konse, ngati munthu saganiza zakuwononga kwake, komwe kumakhudza nyama zambiri. Chiwerengero cha zamoyo zamtunduwu chatsika kwambiri kotero kuti chiwopsezo cha kutha kwake ndichachangu kwambiri kuposa kale. Amphaka osodza akufa chifukwa cha zovuta zachilengedwe, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa madambo, kudula mitengo mwachisawawa. Nthawi zambiri, nyama zimasowa chakudya chifukwa chakusaka nyama ndi kusodza. Ntchito zosaka kuti athetse amphaka osodza chifukwa cha ubweya wawo ndi mano awo zidabweretsanso zotsatira zoyipa komanso zokhumudwitsa.
Kuteteza mphaka
Chithunzi: Mphaka wosodza ku Red Book
Mphaka wosodza amawerengedwa kuti ndi nyama yosawerengeka yomwe ikuphatikizidwa ndi International Red Book, yomwe kuwonongedwa kwake sikuletsedwa. Chiwerengero cha nyama izi ndichachisoni. Pali umboni kuti kuchuluka kwake sikupitilira anthu okhwima 10,000. Chifukwa chachikulu cha izi zokhumudwitsa ndikuwononga madambwe ndi anthu. Asayansi akuchenjeza, chifukwa mitundu yodabwitsa ya mphalapala ikhoza kutheratu, chifukwa chake munthu ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wonse kuti zinthu zisasinthike!
Mwina kwa wina mawu mphaka zikumveka zoseketsa komanso zopatsa chidwi, koma zilipodi, ndipo chodabwitsa kwa mafine ena, sawopa madzi konse! Ndipo asodzi odziwa ntchito amangowasirira maluso ndi luso lawo! Ndizovuta kukhulupirira, koma mitundu yodabwitsa ya amphaka imakhalabe chinsinsi kwa ofufuza mpaka lero. Pali zifukwa ziwiri za izi - ndizobisalira modabwitsa komanso ndizochepa kwambiri. Ngakhale zikumveka zomvetsa chisoni bwanji, koma ndi munthu yemwe, nthawi zambiri, amachita zinthu modzikonda, osaganizira zamtsogolo, amatenga nawo gawo pazifukwa zomalizazi.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 22.02.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/15/2019 pa 23:58
