Chimbalangondo chachifupi Kodi pali mtundu wina wa chimbalangondo chomwe chinatha zaka 12,500 zapitazo? Amadziwikanso ndi mayina monga chimphona chachikulu, chimbalangondo chopindika, bere wa bulldog. Asayansi ali ndi chidaliro kuti inali imodzi mwazirombo zolimba kwambiri komanso zazikulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi kwanthawi yonse yomwe idakhalako.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Chimbalangondo chachifupi
Chimbalangondo chamaso chachifupi chija chimafanana kwambiri ndi chimbalangondo chochititsa chidwi chomwe chimakhala ku South America. Amakhala a dongosolo la ma psiform, koma ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kuchokera kumabanja ena amndandanda chifukwa champhamvu ndi mphamvu. Amakhala kumpoto, komanso kum'mwera kwa dziko lapansi.
Mitundu yonse ya zimbalangondo ndi omnivores. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amatha kudya zakudya zosiyanasiyana, zomera komanso nyama, nthawi zina ngakhale zowola.
Kufotokozera za mitunduyo
Zimbalangondo zimakhala ndi thupi lolimba, lolimba komanso lokhala ndi malaya akuda kwambiri, ofunda, owuma. Ali ndi miyendo inayi yayikulu, mchira wawufupi, maso ang'ono, ndi khosi lalifupi komanso lolimba. Amadziwika ndi cholemera koma choyesa. Chifukwa cha zikhadabo zawo zolimba, zimatha kukumba pansi, kukwera mitengo, kudula nyama yomwe yagwidwa.
Kanema: Chimbalangondo chazifupi
Lingaliro la zonunkhira zosiyanasiyana limapangidwa bwino kwambiri mu zimbalangondo. Izi zikutsimikizira kuti amatha kugwira fungo la nyama mtunda wa pafupifupi 2.5 km. Komanso, chimbalangondo chimamva kwambiri, chimatha kukwawa, kusambira, kukwera mitengo, kuthamanga liwiro pafupifupi 50 km / h mwangwiro. Koma sangathe kudzitama ndi maso akuthwa.
Chiwerengero cha mano a zimbalangondo chimadalira mtunduwo (makamaka kuyambira 32 mpaka 40). Nthawi zambiri, mawonekedwe amano amatha kusintha chifukwa cha kusintha kwaukalamba kapena kusintha kwamunthu.
Njira zolumikizirana pakati pa zimbalangondo
Zimbalangondo zimalumikizana pogwiritsa ntchito mayendedwe osiyanasiyana amthupi ndi mawu. Mwachitsanzo, akamakumana, zimbalangondo zimayimirira ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo ndikubweretsana mitu. Ndi chithandizo cha makutu, mutha kumvetsetsa momwe akumvera, ndipo mothandizidwa ndi fungo, mutha kuzindikira bwenzi. Kukuwa mokweza kumatanthauza kuti pali ngozi pafupi ndipo muyenera kusamala. Koma hiss ndi chizindikiro cha zolinga zazikulu.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Chimbalangondo chamaso achidule
Kutengera kafukufuku wa asayansi, chimbalangondo chachikulu chimatha kulemera makilogalamu 600 kapena kupitilira apo (matani 1500), ndi kutalika kwake - mamita 3. Ngakhale kuti zitha kumveka zodabwitsa, zitayimilira ndi miyendo yake yakumbuyo, kutalika kwake kumatha kukhala pafupifupi 4.5 m. anali wamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti ngakhale chimbalangondo chodziwika bwino cha grizzly sichingafanane ndi iye.
Chovala cha chimbalangondo cha bulldog chinali chamdima wakuda, chachitali, chakuda komanso kotentha kwambiri. Iye anali ndi mphamvu yabwino modabwitsa ya kununkhiza ndi kumva. Tiyenera kudziwa kuti kukula kwa amuna kunali kwakukulu kuposa kukula kwazimayi, mwa kuyankhula kwina, kugonana kwamankhwala (mawu omwe amatanthauza kusiyana kwa mawonekedwe pakati pa akazi ndi amuna amtundu womwewo).
Thupi la chimbalangondo cha bulldog linali lamphamvu kwambiri ndi miyendo yayitali ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu, mphuno inali yaifupi, zibwano ndi nsagwada zinali zazikulu. Chifukwa cha ziphuphu zake, monga nyalugwe, imatha kupha nyama yake. Tiyenera kuwonjezeranso kuti, mosiyana ndi zimbalangondo zamakono, sanali wamiyendo. Amatha kuchita zonse mwamtheradi.
Iye anali woyang'anira dera lake. Mothandizidwa ndi mano ofananira nawo, chimbalangondo chimatha kudula pakhungu, mafupa, nyama, ndi minyewa. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, chimphona chinali ndi miyendo yayitali yomwe imamupangitsa kuthamanga mwachangu kwambiri.
Kodi chimbalangondo chachifupi chinkakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Chimbalangondo cham'mbuyo chimbalangondo
Chimbalangondo chachifupi chinkakhala ku North America (Alaska, Mexico, United States of America) munthawi yomaliza ya Pleistocene (mwanjira ina, nthawi yachisanu). Idatha pafupifupi zaka 12,000 zapitazo. Pamodzi ndi iye, bere wopanda mphuno uja anasiya kukhalapo, ndipo nyama zambiri zomwe zimakhala m'malo amenewo.
Munthawi ya Pleistocene, nyengo yotsatira inali makamaka:
- Kusintha kwa nyengo yotentha komanso kuzizira kwambiri (mawonekedwe a madzi oundana);
- Kusintha kwakukulu kwamadzi am'nyanja (nthawi yamiyambo idakwera ndi 15 m, ndipo m'nyengo yachisanu idagwa mpaka 100-200 m).
Chifukwa cha malaya ake ofunda komanso ataliatali, chimbalangondo sichinkachita mantha ndi chisanu chilichonse. Malo ake amawoneka ngati malo osungirako zachilengedwe ku Africa, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa nyama kunali kwakukulu modabwitsa. Nawu mndandanda wazinyama zingapo zomwe chimbalangondo chachifupi chinkakhala ndikupikisana nawo mdera lomwelo:
- Njati;
- Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya agwape;
- Ngamila;
- Mikango Yakutchire;
- Nyama zazikulu zazikulu;
- Zinyama;
- Afisi;
- Zinyama;
- Akavalo amtchire.
Kodi chimbalangondo chachifupi chidadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Chimbalangondo chaching'ono
Panjira yodyera chakudya, chimbalangondo chachifupikacho chinali champhongo. Mawu oti "omnivorous" amatanthauza "kudya zakudya zosiyanasiyana", "zonse zilipo." Kuchokera apa titha kunena kuti nyama zomwe zili ndi mtundu uwu wazakudya zimatha kudya osati zomera zokha, komanso nyama, komanso nyama zakufa (zotsalira zakufa za nyama kapena zomera). Izi zili ndi zabwino zake, chifukwa nyama zotere sizimatha kufa ndi njala, chifukwa zitha kudzipezera chakudya kulikonse.
Kwenikweni, chimbalangondo chachifupi chidadya nyama ya mammoth, agwape, akavalo, ngamila ndi zina zodyetsa. Komanso, ankakonda kupikisana komanso kufunkha nyama zomwe sizingafune. Kupambana kumakhala pafupifupi kwake nthawi zonse, chifukwa anali ndi zibambo zazikulu kwambiri ndi kamwa kuti agwire. Titha kudziwa kuti anali mlenje wabwino kwambiri.
Chifukwa cha kununkhira kwake, chimbalangondo chopindika chimatha kununkhiza nyama yakufa pamtunda wamakilomita zikwi zingapo. Kwenikweni, amapita kununkhiza kwa nyama yopota yaubweya, ndipo mosangalala adadya mafupa ake, omwe anali ndi mapuloteni ambiri. Koma zoterezi zinali zosowa kwambiri. Zinali zovuta kwambiri kuti chimbalangondo chamfupi kugonjetsa nyama yayikuluyo chifukwa chotalika kwambiri komanso thunthu lalitali. Nyama imodzi yayikuluyi imayenera kudya pafupifupi 16 kg ya nyama patsiku, yomwe imaposa katatu kuposa momwe mkango umafunira.
Mapaketi anali ndi lamulo limodzi lotere: "Muyenera kupha ngati simukufuna kuphedwa." Koma chimbalangondo chachifupi, sichinali chowopsya, chifukwa anali wotsutsana mwamphamvu, yemwe sanali wotsika kwa aliyense wamphamvu zake.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Chimbalangondo chachifupi
Ana ambiri, ngakhale achikulire, amaganiza za chithunzi cha chimbalangondo kuchokera ku nthano ngati nyama yokoma, yokoma komanso yosangalatsa. Koma kwenikweni iwo ndi osiyana kotheratu. Chifukwa chake, m'ndime iyi mutha kudziwa mawonekedwewo pogwiritsa ntchito chitsanzo cha chimbalangondo chakhungu chachifupi.
Mwa chikhalidwe ndi moyo, anali wosiyana ndi adani ambiri. Malinga ndi akatswiri, zimbalangondo zambiri zazifupi zimakhala ndi kusaka zokha. Sanapangidwe mwa ziweto. Khalidwe la chimbalangondo cha bulldog lidasiyana ndi nyama zina pakupilira kwake kwakukulu. Mwachitsanzo, amatha kuthamanga kwa nthawi yayitali osapumira mtunda wautali ndi liwiro la mphepo.
Iwo analinso ndi khalidwe lovuta komanso lotsogolera, lomwe mwina linali loti sakanakhoza kukhala limodzi paketi yomweyo. Chimbalangondo chachifupi chimakonda ufulu komanso kudziyimira pawokha, chifukwa chake adakonda malo otakata, otakasuka, ndipo sanasangalale wina akafika m'gawo lake. Ndipo ngati wina angayerekeze kuchita izi, nyamayo imadzuka ndiukali komanso kukwiya, zomwe zingamupangitse kuti aphe.
Chikhalidwe china chodziwika cha chimbalangondo cha bulldog ndiuma. Mwachitsanzo, ngati akufuna kutenga zofunkha kuchokera kwa mdani, amenya mpaka komaliza, koma apeza zomwe akufuna.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Chimbalangondo chamaso achidule
Chimbalangondo cha nkhope yayifupi ndi chinyama chokha. Ankachitira amuna mosamala kwambiri komanso mwaulemu, koma nthawi yokwatirana amatha kumenya wina popanda chifukwa. Chimbalangondo chachifupi chidafika kale pa msinkhu wazaka zitatu, koma chimapitiliza kukula ndikukula mpaka zaka pafupifupi khumi ndi chimodzi.
Itakwana nthawi yoti akwatirane ndi wamkazi, adamuyesa ndikumuteteza ku ngozi. Mwa akazi, estrus idakhala kuyambira Meyi mpaka Julayi, pafupifupi masiku 20-30, monga mwa akazi a mitundu ina. Mimba inatenga masiku 190-200. Kwenikweni, kubereka kumachitika ngakhale mkazi atagona. Ndipo adabereka ana atatu - 4 a zimbalangondo zolemera magalamu 800, komanso kutalika kwa 27 cm.
Kwenikweni, patatha mwezi umodzi adawona kuwona kwawo. Ali ndi miyezi itatu, anawo adadula kale mano awo onse amkaka. Pambuyo pazaka ziwiri, mayiyo adasiya ana ake ndipo adayamba moyo woyendayenda. Patapita chaka, mkazi anayamba zinyalala lotsatira. Amuna sanalere ana awo, ndipo akhoza kukhala owopsa pamoyo wawo.
Adani achilengedwe a chimbalangondo chamaso achidule
Chithunzi: Chimbalangondo cham'mbuyo chimbalangondo
Mukudziwa kale kuti chimbalangondo chachifupikacho chinali ndi mphamvu zambiri, motero analibe mdani m'modzi. M'malo mwake, anali mdani wa nyama zina. Mlandu wokhawo womwe moyo wake ukadakhala pachiwopsezo unali kuwukira kwa ziweto zazikulu: amphaka okhala ndi mano, mikango. Komabe, zitha kuchitika kuti kuwomba kwake paketi imodzi kumatha kuwopseza ena.
Koma, asayansi amakhulupirira kuti mdani wake akhoza kukhala munthu. Kupatula apo, kusowa kwawo kumalumikizidwa mobwerezabwereza ndi mawonekedwe a munthu padziko lapansi. Nzeru zaumunthu zidapangidwa mochenjera kwambiri kotero kuti mphamvu ya nyama yayikulu siyingafanane nayo. Umboni wa izi ndi kafukufuku wa akatswiri omwe adapeza mabala akuya pamatsuko a mafupa a nyama.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Chimbalangondo chachifupi
Zimbalangondo za nkhope zazifupi zimawerengedwa kuti zatha masiku ano. Malinga ndi akatswiri, adazimiririka kumapeto kwa glaciation. Chimodzi mwazifukwa ndikusintha kwanyengo, komwe kwapangitsa kuti zinyama zina zazikuluzikulu (mammoths, nkhandwe zakale, mikango, ndi zina zambiri) zisoweke, zomwe zinali gawo la chakudya chawo chachikulu. Kuti apulumuke, chimbalangondo chimafunikira nyama zosachepera 16 kg, ndipo munthawi imeneyi zinali zosatheka.
Chifukwa china ndi zochitika Padziko Lapansi zomwe zidayamba kupanga mogwirizana ndi kutentha. Amakhulupirira kuti imodzi mwa misampha yoopsa kwambiri kwa nyama zonse inali nyanja yotchedwa viscous tarry, yomwe idapangidwa ndi mankhwala osungunuka ndipo idakwera pamwamba kuchokera pansi penipeni pa Dziko Lapansi. Idabisika m'mitengo yosiyanasiyana ya masamba, zomera. Ngati chinyama chikuponda pamenepo, zimatanthauza kuti palibe kubwerera. Nyamayo ikakana, nyanjayi idayamwa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, nyamazo zinafa ndi ululu wowopsa.
Lero, pali zolemba zambiri zokhudza iye, ndipo ngakhale m'malo osungiramo zinthu zakale amakhazikitsa thupi lake lonse, zotsalira za mafupa ake, chiwonetsero cha mayendedwe. Ndizomvetsa chisoni kuti nyama zambiri zimasiya kukhalapo chifukwa cha zochitika zosiyanasiyana. Ndipo kwenikweni, chifukwa cha izi ndi zochita za anthu zomwe zimasokoneza moyo wa nyama. Chifukwa chake, tiyenera kukhala osamala ndikulemekeza zachilengedwe zonse zakutchire.
Kumapeto kwa nkhaniyi, ndikufuna kufotokozera mwachidule nkhaniyi. Mosakayikira, chimbalangondo chachifupikacho chinali chinyama chosangalatsa kwambiri, chomwe, ndi mphamvu ndi kupirira kwake, chimadabwitsa munthu aliyense amene aphunzira za ichi. Iye anali wolusa, mbuye wa gawo lake ndi munthu wamphamvu komanso wopondereza kwambiri. Chimbalangondo chachifupi anali wamphamvu kwambiri komanso wolimba kuposa zimbalangondo zamakono, chifukwa chake apita m'mbiri ngati imodzi mwazilombo zazikulu kwambiri padziko lapansi.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 24.02.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/15/2019 pa 23:51
