Katta, mphete, kapena lemur wachitsulo - mayina a nyama yoseketsa yaku Madagascar imamveka mosiyanasiyana. Anthu am'deralo akamakamba za mandimu, amawatcha poppies. Chifukwa chakuti nyama zodabwitsa zimayenda usiku, zimafaniziridwa ndi mizukwa kuyambira nthawi zakale. Chizindikiro cha lemur ndi mchira wautali wautali.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Lemur ya mchira
Mawu oti "lemur" amatanthauza zoyipa, mzimu, mzimu wa wakufayo. Malinga ndi nthano, nyama zopanda vuto zimatchedwa zoyipa kokha chifukwa zimawopseza apaulendo ochokera ku Roma Yakale, omwe adayendera Madagascar koyamba. Anthu aku Europe adapita pachilumbachi usiku ndipo adachita mantha kwambiri ndi maso owala komanso phokoso lowopsa lomwe lidachokera m'nkhalango yausiku. Mantha ali ndi maso akulu ndipo kuyambira pamenepo nyama zokongola pachilumbachi zimatchedwa lemurs.
Lemur yamphete ndi ya banja la lemurid komanso ndi membala yekha wa mtundu wa lemur. Ma poppies ndi nyama zoyamwitsa, anyani otsika amphongo onyowa ochokera kubanja la lemur. Ndi anyani okhala ndi mphuno yonyowa omwe ali m'gulu la anyani akale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Moyenerera amatha kutchedwa kuti Aborigines aku Madagascar. Asayansi adazindikira malinga ndi zotsalira zakale za mandimu akale kuti anyani oyamba ngati lemur amakhala zaka 60 miliyoni ku Africa.
Kanema: Lemur yachitsulo
Madagascar atachoka ku Africa, nyamazo zinasamukira pachilumbachi. Zonsezi, panali mitundu yoposa zana ya lemurs. Ndikulowererapo kwa anthu m'malo okhala anyani, kuchuluka kwa nyama izi kunayamba kuchepa. Mitundu 16 yamtundu wa lemur yatha.
Mabanja atatu a lemurs adatha:
- megadalapis (koala lemurs) - adamwalira zaka 12,000 zapitazo, kulemera kwawo ndi 75 kg, adadya chakudya chomera;
- paleopropithecines (genus archiondri) - adasowa m'zaka za zana la 16 la nthawi yathu ino;
- archeolemuric - adakhala mpaka m'zaka za zana la XII, zolemera makilogalamu 25, malo okhala - chisumbu chonse, omnivores.
Mitundu yayikulu kwambiri ya lemurs, yomwe imafanana kwambiri ndi gorilla wokulirapo mpaka 200 kg. Amakhala moyo wamasana kwambiri. Iwo anali osokonezeka. Iwo anakhala nyama yosaka ya alenje a nthawi imeneyo - okonda nyama ndi zikopa zolimba za anyaniwa.
Mitundu ya lemurs yomwe idakhalapo mpaka pano imagawidwa m'mabanja asanu:
- mandimu;
- wamfupi;
- woboola pakati;
- indrie;
- khunyu.
Masiku ano, chilumbachi chili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 100 ya anyani ngati lemur. Chaching'ono kwambiri ndi pygmy lemur ndipo chachikulu kwambiri ndi indri. Mitundu yatsopano yatsopano ya mandimu ikupezeka ndipo mitundu 10-20 yambiri idzafotokozedwanso mtsogolo. Ma lemurids samamveka bwino poyerekeza ndi anyani ena.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Lemur yachitsulo yochokera ku Madagascar
Lemurs ali ngati anyani ochokera ku pulaneti lina. Chifukwa cha maso akulu, opakidwa ndi mabwalo akuda, amafanana ndi alendo. Amatha kuonedwa ngati achibale, koma ndi nyama zosiyana kwambiri ndipo amasiyana mikhalidwe yambiri. Kwa nthawi yayitali, anyani anyani onyowa adalakwitsa ngati anyani. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu ndi anyani ndi mphuno yonyowa ngati ya galu komanso kafungo kabwino kwambiri.
Ma lemurs a zingwe amadziwika mosavuta ndi mchira wawo wautali, wolimba, womwe umakongoletsedwa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda ndi yoyera yosinthasintha. Mchira umakwezedwa ngati tinyanga ndipo wapindika mozungulira. Mothandizidwa ndi mchira wawo, amawonetsera malo, kutalika kwa mitengo komanso akamadumpha kuchokera kunthambi kupita kunthambi. Mchira wa lemurs ndi wofunikira panthawi yankhondo "zonunkhira", munyengo yokhwima. Ngati kuli kozizira usiku, kapena m'mawa kwambiri, ndiye kuti nyamazo zimawotha moto mothandizidwa ndi mchira, ngati kuti zavala chovala chaubweya. Mchira ndi wautali kuposa thupi la nyama. Chiwerengero chapakati 40:60 cm.
Lemurs ndi ochepa, oyenera - okonzeka kuchita ngati amphaka. Chilengedwe chapatsa nyamazi mtundu wokongola. Mtundu wa mchira umawonekera pankhope: pafupi ndi maso ndi pakamwa, mtundu wakuda, ndi masaya oyera ndi makutu. Kumbuyo kumatha kukhala kotuwa kapena kofiirira ndi pinki.
Mbali yamkati ya thupi la lemor-tailed taur imakutidwa bwino ndi tsitsi loyera. Ndipo mutu ndi khosi zokha ndizimvi zakuda kwathunthu. Mphuno ndi lakuthwa, kukumbukira chanterelle. Chovalacho ndi chachidule, chakuda, chofewa, ngati ubweya.
Pawulo ndi zala zisanu, mawonekedwe amiyendo ngati anyani. Chifukwa cha izi, ma lemurs amalimbikira kugwira nthambi za mitengo ndikusunga chakudya mosavuta. Zikhatho zimakutidwa ndi chikopa chakuda chopanda ubweya. Pazala za katta, misomali komanso chala chachiwiri chazitsulo zakumbuyo chimakula zikhadabo. Nyama zimagwiritsa ntchito kupesa ubweya wawo wokutira. Mano a lemurs amapezeka makamaka: ma incisors apansi ali pafupi kwambiri komanso okonda, ndipo pakati pa omwe ali kumtunda pali kusiyana kwakukulu, komwe kumunsi kwa mphuno. Nthawi zambiri mandimu amtunduwu amalemera makilogalamu 2.2, ndipo kulemera kwake kumafika 3.5 kg, ndi mchira wolemera 1.5 kg.
Kodi lemurs amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Lemur feline family
Lemurs amapezeka. Mwachilengedwe, amakhala pachilumba cha Madagascar okha. Nyengo yachilumbachi ndiyosiyana. Kumagwa mvula kuyambira Novembala mpaka Epulo. Meyi mpaka Okutobala kumakhala kutentha kwambiri komwe kumagwa mvula yochepa. Gawo lakum'mawa kwa chilumbachi limayang'aniridwa ndi nkhalango zotentha komanso nyengo yamvula. Chigawo chapakati cha chilumbachi ndi chouma, chozizira bwino, ndipo minda ya mpunga imakhala ndi minda yambiri. A Lemurs adasinthidwa kuti apulumuke m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Ma lemurs amiyala asankha kukhala kum'mwera ndi kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Madagascar. Iwo adatenga gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a chilumbacho. Amakhala m'nkhalango zotentha, zopanda mitengo, zosakanikirana, m'malo owuma otchingidwa ndi tchire, kuchokera ku Fort Dauphin mpaka ku Monradova.
Maderawa amalamulidwa ndi mitengo ya tamarind, yomwe zipatso zake ndi masamba amakonda kwambiri ma lemurs, komanso mitengo ina ikuluikulu mpaka 25 mita kutalika. Nkhalango za shrub ndizouma komanso zazitali kutalika.
Pali ma lemurs okhala ndi zingwe zambiri m'mapiri a Andringitra. Amakonda kuyendayenda m'mphepete mwa mapiri. Mwaluso lumpha pamiyala yakuthwa, osavulaza thanzi lawo. Chilengedwe chinasintha ndikubwera kwa anthu pachilumbachi. Kudula mitengo mwachangu kunayamba kupanga malo odyetserako ziweto komanso malo olimapo.
Kodi lemur ya mchira umadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Lemurs ya mchira
Ndi chakudya chambiri, ma lemurs sakhala ndi chakudya choyambira. Ndi nyama zamtchire. Odya zamasamba ambiri kuposa omwe amadya nyama. Kukhala m'nkhalango zazikulu kumatifotokozera za zakudya zabwino zosiyanasiyana. Chilichonse chomwe amapeza mozungulira chimadyedwa. Zipatso zazing'ono zimadyedwa pogwira miyendo yakutsogolo. Ngati zipatsozo ndi zazikulu, ndiye amakhala pamtengo ndikuziluma pang'onopang'ono osazitola.
Zakudya za mphete yamchere yamchere imaphatikizapo:
- Zipatso (nthochi, nkhuyu);
- zipatso;
- maluwa;
- cacti;
- herbaceous zomera;
- masamba ndi khungwa la mitengo;
- mazira a mbalame;
- mphutsi za tizilombo, tizilombo (akangaude, ziwala);
- tizilombo tating'onoting'ono (chameleons, mbalame zazing'ono).
Pakakhala kubisala, kapena kusowa kwa chakudya, ma lemurs nthawi zonse amakhala ndi nkhokwe zamafuta ndi zopatsa thanzi mchira wawo. Ma katt oyamwitsa amapatsidwanso mkaka wofukula, phala la mkaka, yoghurt, mazira zinziri, masamba osiyanasiyana, nyama yophika, nsomba, ndi buledi. Zipatso za citrus zimakonda kwambiri. Ndiwo dzino lalikulu lokoma. Adzakhala okondwa kusangalala ndi zipatso zouma, uchi, mtedza. Sadzasiya nyama zosiyanasiyana: mphemvu, crickets, nsikidzi za ufa, mbewa.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Lemurs tailed taurs Madagascar
Ma lemurs amiyala yamagetsi amakhala akugwira ntchito tsiku lonse, komabe, moyo wakusiku ndiofala kwambiri kwa poppies. Pofika madzulo, amayamba kugwira ntchito. Masomphenya awo adapangidwa kuti azitha kuwona usiku ngati masana. Mphindi zochepa za kugona masana ndizokwanira kuti nyama zizikhalanso maso. Pogona, amabisa mutu wawo pakati pa miyendo ndikudzimanga ndi mchira wawo wobiriwira.
Pambuyo pozizira usiku ndi kuwala koyamba kwa dzuwa la m'mawa, mandimu amatenthetsa limodzi ndikusangalala ndi kutentha. Poppies amawotcha dzuwa, kuyika patsogolo pakamwa, kutambasula miyendo yawo, kuloza kumimba kwawo padzuwa, komwe kuli ubweya wowonda kwambiri. Kuchokera panja, zonse zimawoneka zoseketsa, zikuwoneka ngati kusinkhasinkha. Akalandira chithandizo chadzuwa, amafunafuna chakudya ndikutsuka ubweya wawo kwa nthawi yayitali. Lemurs ndi nyama zoyera kwambiri.
Pangozi pang'ono, yamphongo imazungulira makutu ake, kuwatsitsa ndikuwomba mchira wawo moopseza. Pokhala m'malo otentha, ma poppies amakhala nthawi yayitali pansi kuposa mitengo. Amayang'ana chakudya, kupumula ndipo nthawi zonse amasamba dzuwa. Amasuntha mosavuta ndi miyendo yawo yakutsogolo, nthawi zambiri pamiyendo inayi. Amayenda mtunda wautali. Amakonda kudya mumitengo ndikudumpha kuchokera pamtengo kupita pamtengo. Amapanga kulumpha kwa mita zisanu. A poppies akukwawa m'mitsitsi yopyapyala yamitengo, ngakhale ndi ana, atakakamira kumbuyo kwa abale ena.
Ma lemurs a mchira nthawi zambiri samakhala okha. Amakhala ochezeka kwambiri kuti athe kukhala m'malo ovuta nthawi zambiri amasonkhana m'magulu a anthu sikisi mpaka makumi atatu. Akazi amakhala ndiudindo wapamwamba.
Monga ma lemurs ena, ma feline amakhalanso ndi fungo labwino kwambiri. Mothandizidwa ndi fungo lotuluka, amathetsa nkhani yolowetsa m'malo ndi kuteteza madera awo. Gulu lirilonse liri ndi malo ake odziwika. Amuna amasiya zipsera zonunkhira pa makungwa a mitengo ndi chinsinsi cha ma gland axillary, popeza kale adakanda mtengowo ndi zikhadabo zawo. Kununkhira si njira zokhazo zolembera madera awo.
A Lemurs amalankhula malire a tsamba lawo ndi mawu. Zikumveka ndizoseketsa - zikuwoneka kuti galuyo akufuna kukuwa, koma zikuwoneka ngati mphaka ikulira. Ma poppies amatha kung'ung'udza, kulira, kulira, kulira, ngakhale kupanga mawu osindikiza. Kutengera ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu, nyama zimakhala m'malo ena okhalamo, kuyambira mahekitala sikisi mpaka makumi awiri. A Lemurs amafunafuna chakudya nthawi zonse. Gulu nthawi ndi nthawi limasuntha malo awo pafupifupi kilomita.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Baby Lemur
Kulamulira azimayi achikulire pamwamuna kumatheka popanda nkhanza. Kutha msinkhu kumachitika ali ndi zaka 2-3. Kubereketsa kwa lemurs ndikokwera. Mkazi chaka chilichonse wokhala ndi ana. Nyengo yakumasulira imayamba kuyambira Epulo mpaka Juni. Amuna, akumenyera zazikazi, amatulutsa kamadzi kakang'ono koipa pakati pawo kuchokera kumatenda amchira. Wopambana ndi amene ali ndi fungo lakuthwa. Zazikazi zimakwatirana ndi amuna angapo.
Mimba imatenga miyezi yopitilira inayi mwa mkazi. Ntchito imayamba mu Ogasiti ndipo imatha mu Seputembara. Nthawi zambiri, mwana wagalu amabadwa, osachepera awiri okhala ndi kulemera kwa magigalamu 120. Aana amphongo amabadwa owonera, okutidwa ndi ubweya.
Masiku oyamba a wakhanda amavala amayi m'mimba. Zimamatira kwambiri ku ubweya wake ndi zikhomo zake, ndipo chachikazi chimagwira mwanayo ndi mchira wake. Kuyambira sabata yachiwiri, mwana wakhanda amasunthira kumbuyo kwake. Kuyambira miyezi iwiri, lemurch idadzipangira kale amayi awo akafuna kudya kapena kugona. Amuna a katta lemurs ndi amayi achitsanzo chabwino, ndipo amuna samachita nawo gawo polera ana.
Amayi amadyetsa ana mkaka mpaka miyezi isanu. Ngati kulibe, ndiye kuti mwanayo amadyetsedwa ndi mayi wina aliyense amene ali ndi mkaka. Anawo akafika miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, amadziyimira pawokha. Akazi achichepere amamatira ku gulu la amayi, ndipo amuna amasunthira mwa ena. Ngakhale kusamalidwa bwino, makanda 40% samakhala mpaka chaka chimodzi. Nthawi yayitali ya moyo wachikulire pazinthu zachilengedwe ndi zaka 20.
Adani achilengedwe a ma lemurs amiyala yamiyala
Chithunzi: Lemur yachitsulo kuchokera ku Madagascar
M'nkhalango za Madagascar, pali nyama zolusa zomwe zimakonda kudya nyama ya lemur. Mdani wakufa wa Maki ndi fossa. Amatchedwanso mkango wa Madagascar. Fossa ndi yayikulu kuposa mandimu ndipo imadutsanso mwachangu pamitengo. Ngati mandimu agwera m'manja mwa mkango uwu, ndiye kuti susiya wamoyo. Mano, mano olimba, ndi zikhadabo sizingathandize. Fossa, ngati kuti ali ndi vuto, amamenyetsa wovulalayo kumbuyo kwake ndi zikopa zake zakutsogolo ndikung'amba kumbuyo kwa kamphindi.
Zambiri mwa nyama zazing'ono zimamwalira, chifukwa zimasanduka nyama yang'onoting'ono, mtengo wa ku Madagascar, the mongoose; mbalame zodya nyama monga: Kadzidzi wa khutu la Madagascar, kadzidzi wa ku Madagascar, kabawi. Civet ndi chilombo chofanana ndi fossa, kuchokera mkalasi ya civet, kokha m'mizere yaying'ono.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Lemur ya mchira
Chiwerengero cha anthu omwe adaphedwa ndi adani achilengedwe chimabwezeretsedwanso mwachangu, chifukwa chachonde cha anyani. Poyerekeza ndi ma lemurs ena, catta ndi mtundu wamba ndipo imachitika pafupipafupi. Chifukwa cha kulowererapo kwa anthu, kuchuluka kwa ma lemurs okhala ndi zingwe zikuchepa kwambiri ndipo tsopano nyamazi zimafunikira chisamaliro chachikulu ndi chitetezo.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, kuchuluka kwa ma lemurs kwatsika kwambiri kotero kuti malo azilumbazi akuwopsezedwa kuti atha. Munthu amasintha malo achilengedwe a nyama, akuwononga nkhalango zamvula, amatenga mchere; akuchita nawo kusaka pazifukwa zamalonda, kupha nyama moperewera, ndipo izi zimawatsogolera kuti atheretu.
Ma lemurs a mphete ndi nyama zokongola, izi zimakhudza chuma cha Madagascar. Alendo ambiri amapita pachilumba cha lemurs kukawona nyama zokongola m'malo awo achilengedwe. Poppies samawopa konse alendo. Amawadumphira kuchokera ku nthambi za mitengo zolendewera pamtsinjewo ndi chiyembekezo chodya nthochi. Chiwerengero chonse cha ma lemurs amiyala yamiyala okhala m'malo awo achilengedwe komanso kumalo osungira nyama lero ndi pafupifupi anthu 10,000.
Oyang'anira a lemur tailed
Chithunzi: Lemur ta-tailed lemur Red Book
Kuyambira 2000, kuchuluka kwa ma lemurs amiyala yakutchire kwatsika mpaka 2,000. Ma lemurs amadzimadzi amadziwika kuti ndi anyani omwe ali pachiwopsezo chokhala pachiwopsezo cha kuwonongeka kwa malo okhala, kusaka kwamalonda, kugulitsa nyama zosowa - zolembedwa mu IUCN Red List of CITES Zakumapeto I.
IUCN ikukhazikitsa ndondomeko yapadera yazaka zitatu yoteteza ndi kupulumutsa ma lemurs. Mamembala a bungweli adakonza zoteteza malo okhala ndipo, mothandizidwa ndi zokopa alendo, salola anyani osaka kukhala osangalatsa. Pali zilango zaupandu pazomwe amachita omwe amwalira ndi ma lemurs.
Okonza zachilengedwe akuthandizira kupulumuka ndikukula kwa nyama zosawerengeka ku Madagascar. Amamenya nkhondo yodula nkhalango, popanda izi lemur wachitsulo sipangakhaleko. Limbikitsani anthu okhala m'derali kuti asamale nkhalango, amenyane ndi anthu opha nyama mosayenera, ndikuwathandiza mwachuma. Udindo wathu wachindunji ndikusamalira abale ang'onoang'ono, osati kupulumuka padziko lapansi. Malinga ndi wolemba zachilengedwe, akuti - - "Mitundu yapadera komanso yokongola iyi ya lemurs ndiye chuma chambiri ku Madagascar."
Tsiku lofalitsa: 25.02.2019
Idasinthidwa: 12.12.2019 pa 15:29
