Girafi - nyama yayitali kwambiri pamtunda. Ambiri adaziwona pazithunzi ndipo sangathe kulingalira momwe nyama iyi ilili yodabwitsa. Kupatula apo, sikuti kukula kumangosiyanitsa ndi nyama zina, komanso zina zambiri.
Mutu wa thundu ndi wosiyana ndi wina aliyense: makutu owongoka, nyanga zazifupi, nthawi zina mpaka zisanu, eyelashes wakuda mozungulira maso akulu, ndipo lilime limakhala logundana motalika, utoto ndi mawonekedwe. Osati zoo zilizonse zomwe zili ndi akadyamsonga, ndipo ngati zilipo, ndiye kuti ndege zawo nthawi zambiri zimatsikira kuzama kwina, kapena kumakhala pamahatchi angapo kuti muwone nyama yonse.
Miyandamiyanda yake ndi nyama zokhazokha zokhazokha, koma amangokhala chete anthu. Koma anthu, m'nthawi zakale, anali kusaka maphalaphala. Munthu wapeza ntchito zambiri pamoyo watsiku ndi tsiku kuchokera pakhungu lathonje, minyewa yake komanso mchira wake. Koma izi zidapha anthu ambiri, ndipo tsopano ndiwanzeru kusaka akadyamsonga.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Giraffe
N'zovuta kulingalira za chiyambi cha zinyalala za nyama iliyonse, ndizachindunji. Koma akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti adawonekera pafupifupi zaka 20 miliyoni zapitazo kuchokera kwa osatulutsa, makamaka kuchokera ku nswala. Dziko lakwawo la nyama limadziwika kuti ndi Asia komanso Africa. N'kutheka kuti akadyamsonga atawonekera ku Central Asia, anafalikira mofulumira ku Ulaya konse ndipo anakathera ku Africa. Tsopano ndi kovuta kulingalira za chithaphwi kwina kulikonse kupatula nkhalango ya ku Africa.
Komabe, zotsalira zakale kwambiri za zinyalala zamoyo zili pafupifupi zaka 1.5 miliyoni ndipo zidapezeka ku Israel ndi Africa. Mwina uwu ndi mtundu umodzi wokha womwe udakalipobe mpaka pano. Mitundu yambiri yamtengo wapatali imakhulupirira kuti yatha. Asayansi akumanganso chithunzi cham'mbuyomu, pomwe, mwa malingaliro awo, panali milalang'amba yayitali kwambiri komanso yayikulu kwambiri, ndipo izi sizinachepetse banja la akadyamsonga, ndikuti pambuyo pake pafupifupi onse adatha ndipo mtundu umodzi wokha udatsalira.
Kwenikweni, thalala, monga mtundu, ndi wa nyama zoyamwitsa, dongosolo la artiodactyl, banja la giraffe. Mitundu ya akayendedwe itasalidwa m'zaka za zana la 18, sayansi idakula kwambiri.
Mukamaphunzira za chibadwa cha anthu okhala m'malo osiyanasiyana, ma subspecies ena adadziwika:
- Nubian;
- Kumadzulo kwa Africa;
- Ku Central Africa;
- Bwerezerani;
- Zosagwirizana;
- Chimasai;
- Angolan;
- Mng'oma wa Tornikroyta;
- South Africa.
Onsewa amasiyana m'gawo lawo komanso kachitidwe kakang'ono. Asayansi amati subspecies imatha kusakanikirana - chifukwa chake, chipangizocho sichofunikira kwenikweni ndipo chimakhalapo pogawa malo okhala. Akatswiri amazindikiranso kuti akadyamsonga awiri omwe ali ndi mtundu womwewo kulibe, ndipo mawonekedwe owoneka bwino a mawanga ndi, ngati kuti, pasipoti ya nyama.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nyamalikiti ya nyama
Girafi ndi nyama yayitali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi, kutalika kwake kumafika mamita asanu ndi awiri, amuna amatalika pang'ono kuposa akazi. Komanso gawo lachinayi panthaka, kulemera kwake kwamitundumphira kumafikira matani awiri, koposa njovu, mvuu ndi chipembere.
Girafi ndiwotchuka chifukwa cha khosi lake lalitali lokhala ndi mutu wawung'ono kwambiri. Kumbali inayi, kuchokera pansi, khosi limalumikizana ndi thupi lotsetsereka la chithaphwi ndipo limatha kutalika, mpaka mita imodzi, mchira ndi ngayaye. Miyendo ya tambala ndiyonso yayitali kwambiri ndipo imatenga gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a kutalika kwake. Ndi ofooka komanso okoma ngati mphalapala, motalikirapo.
Chodabwitsa ndichakuti, ngakhale utali wautali wa khosi, womwe uli pafupifupi mita imodzi ndi theka, akadyamsonga, monga zinyama zonse, ali ndi mafinya a khomo lachiberekero 7 okha. Kuti agwire ntchito motalika chonchi, amatalikirana ndi nyama, kuwonjezera apo, vertebra yoyamba yamtambo imakulitsanso. Mutu wa nyama ndiwotalika, kakang'ono komanso mwaukhondo. Maso ake ndi akulu komanso akuda, ozunguliridwa ndi cilia wandiweyani wakuda. Mphuno zake ndizodziwika bwino komanso zazikulu. Lilime la akadyamsonga ndi lalitali kwambiri, lofiirira, lakuda nthawi zina, lofiirira, lofanana ndi chingwe chozungulira, chosinthasintha. Makutu ndi owongoka, ang'ono, opapatiza.
Kanema: Giraffe
Pakati pa makutuwo pali nyanga zazing'ono ngati zipilala ziwiri, zokutidwa ndi chikopa ndi ubweya. Pakati pa nyanga ziwirizi, nthawi zina nyanga yaying'ono yapakatikati imawoneka, ndipo imakula kwambiri mwaimuna. Nthawi zina mu gawo la occipital pamakhala nyanga zina ziwiri, zomwe zimatchedwa zakumbuyo kapena zamatsenga. Mitunduyi imatchedwa nyanga zisanu, ndipo, monga lamulo, onse ndi amuna.
Kachulukira akachuluka, nyanga zake zimakhala zochuluka. Ndi zaka, mafupa ena amtundu wa chigaza amatha kupanga, ndipo mutha kudziwa zaka zakubadwa kwa munthu. Mitsempha yamatenda amtima ndi yosangalatsa. Ndi yapadera chifukwa mtima umayenera kulimbana ndi kupopera magazi kumalo okwera kwambiri. Ndipo akatsitsa mutu kuti kupanikizika kusapitirire ponseponse, akadyamsonga amakhala ndi minyewa yam'mimba mu gawo la occipital, lomwe limagunda kwathunthu ndikusalaza madontho a magazi.
Mtima wa nyani umalemera makilogalamu oposa 10. Ndiwo mtima wamayi wamkulu kwambiri. Mzere wake ndi pafupifupi theka la mita, ndipo makoma a minofu ndi mainchesi sikisi makulidwe. Tsitsi la akadyamsonga ndi lalifupi komanso lolimba. Pamalo ocheperako pang'ono, mawanga ofiira ofiira osiyana siyana osasinthasintha, koma mawonekedwe am'maonekedwe mosalala. Miyala yongobadwa kumene ndi yopepuka kuposa achikulire; imada ndi msinkhu. Akuluakulu owala kwambiri ndi osowa kwambiri.
Kodi girafa amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Girafira waku Africa
M'nthawi zakale, akadyamsonga ankakhala mdziko lonse la Africa, lomwe ndi lathyathyathya. Masiku ano, akadyamsonga amakhala m’madera ena a ku Africa. Amapezeka kumayiko akum'mawa ndi akumwera kwa kontrakitala, mwachitsanzo, Tanzania, Kenya, Botswana, Ethiopia, Zambia, South Africa, Zimbabwe, Namibia. Mitala yochepa kwambiri yomwe imapezeka ku Central Africa, yomwe ili ku Niger ndi Chad.
Malo okhala akadyamsonga ndi madera otentha okhala ndi mitengo yocheperako. Magwero amitundande siofunika kwenikweni, chifukwa amatha kukhala kutali ndi mitsinje, nyanja ndi madzi ena. Kukhazikika kwanyumba zamtchire ku Africa kumalumikizidwa ndi kukonda kwawo chakudya. Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwawo kumachitika m'malo okhala ndi zitsamba zomwe amakonda.
Twigulu akhoza kugawana gawo ndi anthu ena osagwirizana nawo chifukwa samagawana nawo chakudya. Twigulu ali ndi chidwi ndi zomwe zimakula kwambiri. Chifukwa chake mutha kuwona nyama zazikulu modabwitsa monga nyumbu, mbidzi ndi akadyamsonga. Amatha kukhala kudera limodzi nthawi yayitali, aliyense akudya chakudya chake. Koma mtsogolomo amasokonekera.
Kodi girafi amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Giraffe wamkulu
Twira ndi nyama zazitali kwambiri, chilengedwe chimawauza kuti adye masamba okwera kwambiri pamitengo. Kuphatikiza apo, lilime lake limasinthanso izi: kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi masentimita 50, ndilopapatiza, limadutsa mosavuta paminga yakuthwa ndikugwira masamba obiriwira. Ndi lilime lake, amatha kupota mozungulira nthambi yamtengo, ndikuyikokera pafupi ndi iye ndikudula masambawo ndi milomo yake.
Mitengo yolimbira yomwe amakonda kwambiri ndi iyi:
- Mthethe;
- Mimosa;
- Ma apurikoti achilengedwe.
Akatswiriwa amathera pafupifupi tsiku lonse masana akudya. Ayenera kudya makilogalamu 30 a chakudya patsiku. Pamodzi ndi masambawo, chinyezi chofunikira chimalowa ndipo timiyala titha kupita milungu ingapo popanda madzi. Kawirikawiri, amapita kumalo othirira mitsinje. Ayenera kutambasula miyendo yawo, kutsitsa mitu yawo ndikukhala pamalowo kwa nthawi yayitali, kuthetsa ludzu lawo kwa milungu ingapo. Amatha kumwa madzi okwana malita 40 nthawi imodzi.
Zakudya zimanyalanyaza msipu. Amatha kudzichepetsa kwa iye ngati alibe chakudya wamba. Zimakhala zovuta kuti adye udzu ataweramitsa mutu wawo, ndipo agwada pansi.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Twigawi ku Africa
Twigulu ndi nyama zosintha mosiyanasiyana. Ntchito yawo yayikulu imangokhala m'mawa kwambiri komanso madzulo. Kumatentha kwambiri masana, ndipo akadyamsonga amakonda kupuma kapena kukhala pakati pa nthambi za mitengo, atatsamira mitu yawo. Moyo wonse amakhala pachakudya chosafulumira komanso kupumula kwakanthawi. Nyamalikiti amagona usiku, ndipo amafanana ndipo amayamba kwa mphindi zingapo. Akatswiri amati kugona kwanthawi yayitali komanso kozama kwambiri kwa nyama sikumatha mphindi 20.
Zithunzi zazing'onoting'ono zimayenda mochititsa chidwi kwambiri: amasintha mosinthana miyendo yakutsogolo ndi kumbuyo awiriawiri, ngati akusunthika. Nthawi yomweyo, khosi lawo limayendetsa mwamphamvu kwambiri. Zojambulazo zimawoneka zosasangalatsa komanso zopusa.
Zithunzi zazing'onoting'ono zimatha kulankhulana pafupipafupi 20 Hz. Anthu samva izi, koma akatswiri aphunzira kapangidwe ka kholingo la nyama ndipo adazindikira kuti pakutulutsa mpweya zimatulutsa mkokomo womwe umamveka kwa iwo okha. Moyo wa anthu kuthengo ndi zaka pafupifupi 25. Komabe, mu ukapolo, zaka zazikulu kwambiri za nyama zinalembedwa, zaka 39.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Giraffe wakhanda
Nkhuntho ndi nyama zokonda kucheza, koma kawirikawiri sizingakhale zokha kwa kanthawi. Gulu limodzi nthawi zambiri limakhala lopanda anthu 10 - 15. Mkati mwa gulu limodzi, muli zamphongo zazikulu zomwe zimakhala zowoneka bwino kwambiri kuposa zinazo, zotsalazo zimawapatsa. Pa mutu wa wamkulu, pali kulimbana kwa mitu ndi makosi, woluza amakhalabe pagulu ngati mwana, samathamangitsidwa.
Nyengo yakumasirana kwa akadyamsonga imachitika nthawi yamvula, yomwe ndi mu Marichi. Ngati nyengo sinatchulidwe kwenikweni, ndiye kuti akadyamsonga amatha kukwatirana nthawi iliyonse. Kulimbana pakati pa amuna samachitika panthawiyi, ndi amtendere kwambiri. Zazikazi zimakwatirana ndi yamphongo yopambana, kapena ndi yoyamba kubadwa.
Wachimuna amayandikira chachikazi kumbuyo kwake ndikumupukusa mutu wake pa iye, kuyika khosi lake kumbuyo kwake. Pakapita kanthawi, mkaziyo amalola kugona naye, kapena amakana wamphongoyo. Kukonzeka kwazimayi kumatha kuzindikirika ndi fungo la mkodzo wake.
Nthawi yobereka imatenga chaka ndi miyezi itatu, kenako mwana mmodzi amabadwa. Pa nthawi yobereka, mkazi amapinda mawondo ake kuti mwanayo asagwe kuchokera kutalika. Kutalika kwa wakhanda kumakhala pafupifupi mita ziwiri, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi makilogalamu 50. Nthawi yomweyo amakhala wokonzeka kutenga malo owongoka ndikudziwana ndi gululo. Mtedza aliyense mgululi amayenda ndikununkhiza, kuti adziwane.
Nthawi yoyamwitsa imatenga chaka chimodzi, komabe, nyalabe yaying'ono imayamba kulawa masamba amitengo kuyambira sabata yachiwiri yamoyo. Mayi akamaliza kudyetsa mwana mkaka, amatha kukhalabe naye kwa miyezi ingapo. Kenako, popita nthawi, imakhala yodziyimira payokha. Amayi amatha kubereka kamodzi zaka ziwiri zilizonse, koma kawirikawiri kangapo. Ali ndi zaka 3.5, ana aakazi amakula msanga ndipo amathanso kugona ndi abambo ndikubereka ana. Amuna amayamba kukhwima pambuyo pake. Zithunzi zazing'onoting'ono zimakula msanga zaka 5.
Adani achilengedwe a akadyamsonga
Chithunzi: Nyamalikiti ya nyama
Twigulu alibe adani ambiri, ndiponsotu ndi nyama zazikulu zomwe sizingagonjetsedwe ndi chilombo chilichonse. Apa mikango, mwachitsanzo, imatha kuthana ndi mphodza, nyama yawo imachita mantha. Mwa zina, akadyamsonga amayenda atakweza mitu yawo m'mwamba ndikuyang'ana patali kuti athe kuwona chilombocho nthawi ndi kuchenjeza gulu la ziwetozo. Mikango yazimayi imazembera kumbuyo kwa ndira ndikudumphira pakhosi, ngati ikwanitsa kuluma ziwalozo bwino, ndiye kuti chinyama chimafa msanga.
Kuukira tambala patsogolo kungakhale kowopsa: amadziteteza ndi ziboda zawo zakutsogolo ndipo amatha kuphwanya chigaza cha wolusa wouma mtima kamodzi.
Ana a chithokomiro amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu nthawi zonse. Alibe chitetezo komanso ofooka, komanso ang'onoang'ono. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala pachiwopsezo cha adani ambiri kuposa achikulire. Anawo amasakidwa ndi akambuku, akambuku, afisi. Polimbana ndi ziwetozo, mwanawo amakhala nyama imodzi mwa imodzi.
Nyama yoopsa kwambiri ya nyamalikiti ndi amuna. Bwanji anthu samangopha nyama izi! Uku ndikutulutsa nyama, zikopa, mitsempha, michira yokhala ndi ngayaye, nyanga. Zonsezi zinali ndi ntchito yapadera. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti, popha munthu, ndimagwiritsa ntchito zida zake zonse. Ngoma zinali zokutidwa ndi zikopa, matcheni amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zingwe zopangira zingwe ndi zida zoimbira za zingwe, nyama idadyedwa, zingwe za michira zimapita kuuluka swatters, ndipo michira yokha imapita ku zibangili. Komano panali anthu omwe amapha anthu akumwa chifukwa cha chisangalalo - izi zachepetsa kwambiri anthu mpaka pano.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Giraffe
Pali zifukwa ziwiri zakuchepa kwamiyala:
- Kupha;
- Mphamvu ya anthropogenic.
Ngati ntchito zachitetezo cha chilengedwe zikulimbana ndi yoyamba, ndiye kuti simungathe kuthawa yachiwiriyo. Malo achilengedwe a akadyamsonga nthawi zonse amakhala akuipitsidwa komanso kuwonongeka. Ngakhale kuti ming'oma imayenda bwino ndi anthu, sangavomerezane ndi malo owonongeka. Nthawi yamitundumadzi ikuchepa, ndipo madera omwe akupezeka ndi ming'onoting'ono akuchepa.
Komabe, sanalembedwe m'buku lofiira ndipo ali ndi udindo - zomwe sizikudetsa nkhawa kwenikweni. Ngakhale, akatswiri akunena kuti zaka chikwi chimodzi ndi theka zapitazo, akadyamsonga amakhala mu kontinentiyo, osati mbali zake zokha. Tinthu tating'ono tomwe asayansi amadziwika ndikuti madera a kontrakitala omwe amakhala ndi akadyera amadziwika bwino. Zinali zosavuta kuzigawa potengera malo okhala.
Kutchire, ndizovuta kwambiri kuti achichepere apulumuke. Mpaka 60% ya ana amamwalira ali aang'ono. Izi ndi zotayika zazikulu kwambiri chifukwa cha ziweto, chifukwa zimabadwa nthawi imodzi. Chifukwa chake, kuchulukaku sikukayika. Chiweto chachikulu kwambiri pakali pano chimakhala m'malo osungidwa komanso malo osungira nyama. Pali zabwino ndi zachilengedwe kwa iwo. Zosungidwa chithaphwi akhoza kuchulukana mosavuta, apa sadzapanikizika ndi moyo wakhama wa munthu.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 21.02.2019
Tsiku losintha: 09/16/2019 pa 0:02
