Nyani ndi ndani, aliyense amadziwa. Komabe, si aliyense amene amadziwa yemwe iye ali. nyani kangaude... Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa nyama zodabwitsa komanso zosangalatsa padziko lapansi. Ili ndi dzina losangalatsa komanso losazolowereka chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake akunja akunja kwa akangaude. Ali ndi thupi losalimba, mutu wawung'ono, ndi mikono yayitali, yolimba komanso mchira. Izi zimapangitsa kuyerekezera ndi akangaude, omwe amakhalanso ndi miyendo yayitali komanso yolimba. Anthu amderali amatcha nyamazi kats.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Kangaude kangaude
Nyani ya kangaude ndi ya zinyama, gulu la anyani. Ndi membala wa banja lotakata nyani. Banja, nawonso, lagawidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono ambiri. Lero lili ndi ma subspecies pafupifupi khumi ndi atatu.
Ndizodabwitsa kuti mpaka zaka za zana la 16, anyani amatchedwa "opitzi". Komabe, wofufuza waku Russia Afanasy Nikitin, atayenda ulendo wautali wopita ku India, adabweretsa kuchokera kumeneko dzina loti "abuzina". Kumasuliridwa kuchokera mchilankhulo chakomweko, amatanthauziridwa ngati bambo wa chiwerewere. Kuyambira pamenepo, yakhazikika ndipo pang'onopang'ono yasintha kukhala "nyani".
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kangaude kanyama
Oimira banja la anyani amphongo yayikulu amawerengedwa kuti ndi amodzi mwa anyani akulu kwambiri omwe amakhala m'derali. Kutalika kwa thupi la nyama kumakhala pakati pa 40 mpaka 65 sentimita. Ali ndi mchira wautali kwambiri, wowonda. Kukula kwake kumakhala kofanana ndi kutalika kwa thupi, ndipo nthawi zina kumapitilira. Kutalika mchira ndi masentimita 50 mpaka 90. Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu kumachokera ku 2.5 mpaka 9-10 kilogalamu.
Mwa anyani kangaude, chiwerewere chimatchulidwa. Akazi achikulire ndi akulu kwambiri kuposa amuna.
Anyani a Arachnid ali ndi mutu wawung'ono komanso thupi lochepa, lamphamvu. Thupi limakutidwa ndi tsitsi lakuda. Pamutu pake, ubweyawo umagona m'njira yoti umvekere ngati scallop, pali mzere wowala, beige, kapena wachikaso. Mtundu wa tsitsi umatha kuyambira bulauni yakuda mpaka yakuda kwambiri. Zimatengera nyengo ndi malo okhala nyama.
Kanema: Kangaude Kangaude
Nyamazi zimakhala ndi miyendo yayitali kwambiri, yolumikizidwa komanso yolimba. Konseka kumbuyo ndi kumbuyo kwake kuli zala zinayi. Chala chachikulucho chimathothoka kapena chimayamba kumene. Samachita nawo chilichonse chokhudza kugwira, kuyenda. Miyendo yakutsogolo ndi yayitali pang'ono kuposa yakumbuyo. Mchira ndi wautali, woonda komanso wolimba kwambiri. Anyani amatha kupachika momasuka panthambi yamtengo, kwinaku akudzisunga okha kumchira. Pali zotchedwa scallops kumunsi kwa mchira, zomwe zimalola mchira kukhala wolimba komanso wolimba. Mchira ndi gawo lachisanu la nyama. Amatha kutenga chakudya ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana mosavuta.
Anyani a kangaude amagawika anyani a koat ndi howler. Zovala zimasiyana chifukwa kutalika kwa chovalacho m'chiuno mwa phewa kumatalika kwambiri kuposa miyendo ndi pamimba.
Kodi kangaude amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Black Spider Monkey
Nyamazo zimasankha nkhalango zam'malo otentha okhala ndiudzu wandiweyani monga malo okhala, komanso mapiri.
Madera a anyani:
- madera apakati ndi akumwera kwa America;
- Bolivia;
- Peru;
- Guyana;
- Brazil;
- Mexico.
Anyani a akangaude amakhala makamaka m'nkhalango zotentha m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Atlantic. Nyani amakhala moyo wake wonse akukwera mitengo. Amangokhala kumtunda kwa mitengo, komwe nyama zolusa, komanso anthu, sangathe kufikira. Nyama zimakhala pamitengo yokha yomwe ili ndi korona wonyezimira, wokulirapo, wokutidwa ndi masamba. Mitengo yayitali, nthambi zambiri, zomera zolemera, zosiyanasiyana ndizofunikira kuti mitundu iyi ya nyama izikhalapo. Amatha kukhalapo pafupi ndi malo okhala anthu, popeza samamuwopa konse. Nthawi zambiri anyani amatenga chakudya m'manja mwa anthu.
Nthawi zambiri mapiri amasankhidwa ngati dera loti mukhalemo. Zimakhala nthawi zambiri m'nkhalango zamapiri pamtunda wa mamita 700 mpaka 1700 pamwamba pa nyanja. Ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri pazomera ndi zinyama za m'nkhalango yamvula. Iwo amafalitsa mbewu za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera m'deralo. Amakonda kutulutsa zipatso za mitengo, maluwa, ndi mbewu zomwe amadyetsamo. Imakhala ngati chakudya kwa anthu ena m'derali.
Kodi kangaude amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Kangaude kangaude
Anyani a kangaude amadyera makamaka zakudya zamasamba. Maziko a chakudyacho ndi owaza, masamba obiriwira. Komabe, anyani samangokhala ndi masamba okha.
Zomwe zimaphatikizidwa pazakudya zanyama:
- maluwa;
- mbewu;
- masamba, zipatso - masiku, mango, nthochi;
- mbozi;
- mazira a mbalame;
- wokondedwa;
- bowa;
- mtedza;
- Mitengo yofewa;
- tizilombo ting'onoting'ono nthawi zina.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti zomera zobiriwira zimangokhala 20-25% yazakudya zonse. 35-40% ndi zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba. M'nyengo yamvula, zikavuta kupeza zipatso m'nkhalango yamvula, anyani amathandizira kusowa kwa mbewu. Mphukira zazing'ono ndi masamba amadya mwachidwi nyama. Pafupifupi, anyani amadya chakudya chokwana kilogalamu 1.5 mpaka 3 patsiku. Amakhala pafupifupi maola 4-5 patsiku akudya. Komanso, anyaniwa amakonda mphatso zakupsa kwambiri komanso zowutsa mudyo m'nkhalango.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Kangaude kanyama
Anyani a kangaude si nyama zokha. Amakonda kukhala m'magulu. Mu gulu limodzi muli achikulire okwana makumi awiri. Gulu lirilonse, limagawika m'magulu ang'onoang'ono a anthu 4-6. Nthawi zambiri, magulu ang'onoang'ono amakhala mabanja osiyana. Kulumikizana m'magulu ang'onoang'ono kutha kuchitidwa malinga ndi zokonda. Nthawi zambiri amuna amadzipatula pagulu, makamaka posaka chakudya. Gulu lapadera limasankha mitengo kuti mukhalemo. Anyani pafupifupi samatsika kuchokera pamwamba pamitengo mpaka pansi. Si zachilendo kwa iwo kuyenda pansi. Phukusi lililonse lalikulu limakhala ndi mtsogoleri, mtsogoleri.
Nyani amasiyanitsidwa ndi kufuna kwawo ukhondo. Anthu ena amakhala nthawi yayitali kutsuka ubweya wawo.
Ntchito yayikulu kwambiri ya anyani imawonedwa masana. Amathera nthawi yawo yambiri ali pamitengo. Kumeneko amapeza chakudya chawo ndipo amabisala kwa adani. Nyama zimalumphira mosavuta komanso mwachangu panthambi ina. Amakonda kusewera wina ndi mnzake, kuyenda, kufufuza madera atsopano. Pafupifupi theka la tsiku amakhala pa nthawi yopuma. Anyani amathera mphamvu ndi mphamvu zambiri kulumpha mitengo. Ayenera kuchira.
Usiku, nyama zimasankha zisoti zachifumu zamitengo yayitali. Mumdima, amagona makamaka. Anthu osiyanasiyana amasankha malo pafupi wina ndi mnzake usiku. Ana nthawi zonse amagona ndi amayi awo. Anyani amazindikira kuti ngozi ili pafupi. Akaona kuti pakufunika zoopsa, mdani amene akubwera, amathawa mwachangu, kuthawira pamwamba pamitengo yayitali. Anyani amaonedwa ngati nyama zokangalika, zaubwenzi. Ziwawa ndizochepa kwambiri. Nkhondo imatha kuchitika pakati pa amuna ngati onse atenga mkazi yemweyo. Mwamuna wamphamvu kwambiri amapambana. Yemwe wagonjetsedwa amangosiya kukafunafuna mayi wina.
Pofunafuna chakudya, akuluakulu amatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali. Amakwirira makilomita atatu. Pokumana ndi anthu atsopano, anyani amakonda kuchita chibwenzi. Akuluakulu amatha kupukusa mitu yawo, kugwedeza nthambi za mitengo ndikung'amba nthiti zawo. Nyama izi zimakonda kumveka mosiyanasiyana mosiyanasiyana. Amatha kukuwa mokweza, mwamphamvu, kupangira kavalo, khungwa, ndi zina zambiri.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Mwana wa arachnid nyani
Nyengo yokwatira mu anyani a arachnid ilibe nyengo. Amatha kukwatirana nthawi iliyonse pachaka. Wamwamuna amasankha mkazi yemwe amamukonda ndikuyamba kumusamalira. Mkazi amamuyang'ana ndikumamuyesa. Ngati ali wokonzeka kulowa naye banja, amasamba ubweya wake. Mkazi akabwezeranso, yamphongo imayika gawo. Anthuwo amakwatirana.
Mkazi amabereka mwana m'modzi yekha. Mimba imakhala miyezi isanu ndi itatu. Ana amabadwa ofooka ndi opanda chochita. Mayi amapereka nthawi yake yonse kusamalira ana. Amabereka ana zaka 3-4 zilizonse. Ana amakhala chaka choyamba ndi theka akukwera amayi awo. Kuyambira miyezi 4-5, ana amayamba kudya zakudya zosiyanasiyana za mbewu. Mpaka nthawi imeneyi, gwero la zakudya ndi mkaka wa m'mawere. Anthu amakula msinkhu wazaka 3.5-4.5. Amayamba kupezeka pawokha ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi zaka. Ndi mkazi yekhayo amene amachita nawo kulera anawo.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nthawi yaukwati ndi kubala ana, anthu amgulu limodzi amakhala osakondera alendo. Munthawi imeneyi, kuwonekera kwaukali, ziwopsezo, ndewu ndizotheka.
Ana omwe afika zaka chimodzi amayamba kuphunzira kuyenda mosadukiza, kukwera mitengo. Munthawi imeneyi, amachita chidwi ndi anthu ena mgululi, makamaka makanda omwewo. Amakonda kusilira komanso kusewera. Zaka zapakati pazamoyo zachilengedwe ndi zaka 35-40. Nthawi yamoyo ya akazi ndi yayitali pang'ono kuposa yamwamuna. Wokhoza kukhala mu ukapolo. Amasinthasintha bwino mikhalidwe yazachilengedwe. Ali mu ukapolo, amathanso kubereka ana.
Adani achilengedwe a kangaude
Chithunzi: Kangaude kangaude
Akakhala munyengo zachilengedwe, anyani a kangaude amakhala ndi adani omwe amatha kuwasaka.
Adani a nthumwi za banja la anyani otakata kwambiri:
- mbalame zodya nyama - ziwombankhanga, ermines, zeze;
- akambuku;
- nyamazi;
- alireza.
Zochita za anthu zimawononga kwambiri anyani a arachnid. Kudula mitengo, kukulitsa madera ochulukirachulukira, komanso kulanda kwa ana. Kuphatikiza apo, alenje ndi opha nyama mosayenera amapha nyama zambiri kuti apeze zikopa ndi nyama.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Kangaude nyani wamphongo
Masiku ano, kuchuluka kwa mitundu iyi ya anyani kwachepa kwambiri. Poganizira kuti mkazi mmodzi wokhwima pogonana amapatsa ana muyezo wamphongo umodzi pazaka 3-4 zilizonse, ndizovuta kubwezeretsa anthu ndikuwonjezera chiwerengerocho. Kuphatikiza apo, ana amabadwa ofooka kwambiri komanso osowa chochita. Ambiri mwa iwo amafa m'miyezi yoyamba yamoyo. Kudula mitengo mwachangu komanso kupha nyama mwachangu kumawononga kwambiri mitundu ya zamoyo. Malinga ndi Association of Zoologists, mu 2005 kuchuluka kwa anyaniwa anali anthu 1,400.
Kangaude Monkey Guard
Chithunzi: Red Book Spider Monkey
Pofuna kuteteza mitunduyo, nyani wa arachnid adalembedwa mu Red Book. Ku Brazil, kusaka nyama izi ndikosaloledwa ndipo kuphwanya lamuloli ndi mlandu. Anyani a kangaude apatsidwa mwayi wokhala pachiwopsezo. Masiku ano, mwa mitundu isanu ndi inayi yomwe ilipo ya anyaniwa, asanu ndi atatu atsala pang'ono kuwonongedwa.
Ku Brazil, akatswiri azaumoyo akupanga ndikukhazikitsa njira zingapo zotetezera ndi kupititsa patsogolo mitunduyi. Zinyama zapadera ndi madera otetezedwa amitundu akupangidwa, momwe zinthu zabwino kwambiri zimapangidwira moyo ndi kubereka anthu. Malo osungira nyama otchuka kwambiri ndi Curitiba ndi Sorocaba. Palinso pulogalamu yapadera yoswana.
Kangaude kangaude ndi nyama yodabwitsa. Amachita chidwi ndi chisomo chake, chisomo chake komanso luso lake, amatha kulumpha nthambi ndi nthambi mwachangu kotero kuti ndizovuta ngakhale kumutsata. Miyendo yayitali ndi mchira wapadera zimapezeka mumtundu uwu zokha.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 17.02.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 16.09.2019 pa 0:23
