Wolverine - chinyama chodabwitsa komanso chobisalira kwambiri chokhala ndi mphamvu ndi mphamvu. Dzinalo, lotembenuzidwa kuchokera ku Chilatini, limatanthauza "wosasangalatsa, wosakhutira." Wolverine wakhala wodziwika kuyambira kale. Anthu ena amawona kuti ndi opatulika komanso amalemekezedwa kwambiri, ena amaganiza kuti fano la wolverine ndi mphamvu zauchiwanda. Kaya akhale zotani, ali ndi chidwi chachikulu, chomwe chimamupangitsa kukhala wodabwitsa kwambiri.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Wolverine
Wolverine ndi wolusa nyama. Ndi m'modzi mwamkulu kwambiri kubanja lake, komanso mbira, sea otter ndi otter. Mwakuwoneka, wolverine amafanana kwambiri ndi chimbalangondo chofiirira, chaching'ono kwambiri. Kalelo m'zaka za zana la 18, wasayansi wotchuka waku Sweden, dokotala Karl Linnaeus sanadziwe mtundu wa wolverine woyenera kukhala nawo, kudziwa pakati pa weasel ndi canine.
M'banja la weasel, wolverine ndiye yekha woimira mitundu yake. Ndikosowa kupeza dzina lotchedwa wolverine ngati "skunk bear", adalitenga chifukwa cha fungo lake lapadera, lotulutsidwa ndimatumbo a kumatako. Khalidwe ili limadziwika ndi mamembala onse am'banja lake.
Kanema: Wolverine
Ngakhale kuti chilombocho chimadziwika kuyambira kalekale, sichinaphunzire mokwanira, ndipo chimakhalabe chinsinsi mpaka pano. Izi zonse zimachitika chifukwa chobisalira komanso kuchita zinthu mwankhanza. Anthu nthawi zonse amakhala osamala za wolverines, kuwawona kuti ndi achiwawa komanso ankhanza.
Chifukwa choyipa chinali kuwukira kwa wolverine pa agwape achichepere ndi ziweto. Nthawi zina mimbulu imabera nyama kuchokera kumisampha yaanthu. Potengera kukula m'banja lake, wolverine amakhala m'malo achiwiri pambuyo pa otter wanyanja. Mwina kunja kumawoneka kovuta pang'ono, koma ndi chilombo cholimba kwambiri komanso champhamvu.
Zachabechabe kuti anthu anali okonda nyama yamphamvu kwambiri komanso yopanda mantha, chifukwa titha kuonedwa ngati nkhalango mwadongosolo yomwe imachotsa nkhalango kugwa, nyama zofooka komanso zodwala, potero zimalepheretsa miliri komanso kuteteza chilengedwe.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Animal wolverine
Monga tanenera kale, m'banja lake, wolverine amadziwika kuti ndi wamkulu kwambiri. Kulemera kwazimayi kumatha kufikira makilogalamu 10, ndipo amuna - mpaka 15. Pali zitsanzo za 20 kg. Thupi la wolverine ndi 70 mpaka 95 cm kutalika, kupatula mchira. Mchira wokhawo ndiwofewa ndipo uli ndi masentimita 18 mpaka 23. Kukula kwa wolverine kumafika theka la mita.
Thupi la nyama ndi lamphamvu kwambiri, lamphamvu, lokhazikika ndi minofu yotukuka bwino. Ziweto za nyamazo ndizolimba, zowirira, chilichonse chili ndi zala zisanu, dera lamapazi ndilokulirapo, zikhadazo ndizazitali komanso zopindika. Chifukwa cha ichi, wolverine, ngati galimoto yokhotakhota, amatha kuthana ndi njanji iliyonse ndikudutsa pomwe ena sangathe kudutsa. Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti miyendo yake yakumbuyo ndi yayitali kwambiri kuposa yoyambilira, motero silhouette yonse ikuwoneka kuti yatsamira.
Mutu wa nyamawo ndi wokulirapo wokhala ndi mphuno yocheperako pang'ono, makutu a wolverine ndiabwino, ozungulira, maso ake ndi ochepa, akuda ngati nsonga ya mphuno. Mano a chilombocho ndi aulemu kwambiri, komanso okhala ndi malezala akuthwa. Kwa iye, iwo ndi chida chenicheni chomwe chimathandiza pakusaka. Nsagwada za chilombozi ndi zamphamvu kwambiri, zimangoluma mosavuta ngakhale zotsalira zouma kwambiri.
Mtundu wa ubweya wa wolverine ndiwowoneka bwino ndipo umakopa chidwi, utha kukhala:
- zofiirira;
- chakuda;
- bulauni wonyezimira (kawirikawiri).
Pafupifupi nyama zonse zimakhala ndi chigoba chowala pankhope ndi utoto wasiliva, ndipo mikwingwirima yofiira imayikidwa kuchokera pamapewawo kupita ku sacrum. Palinso kolala yopepuka pakhosi ndi pachifuwa.
M'miyezi yozizira, ubweya wa wolverine umakhala wokongola modabwitsa, wobiriwira komanso wabwino. Chuma chake chimakula kwambiri. Nyamayo sachita mantha ndi chisanu choopsa kapena kukwera kwakukulu pachipale chofewa. Zolimba zolimba zimathetsa zopinga zilizonse za chisanu. Wolverine amakumba ngalande zazikulu chisanu, ndikupita kuzipinda zake zobisika ndi katundu, ndipo amatha kubisalanso pakukula kwa matalala kwa masiku angapo. Mitundu ya wolverine yotentha siili yolemera komanso yokongola ngati nthawi yachisanu. Ubweya panthawiyi ya chaka ndiwothina kwambiri komanso wamfupi, kotero chinyama chikuwoneka chovuta pang'ono.
Kodi wolverine amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Wolverine chirombo
Wolverine ndi nyama yakumpoto. Anatenga zokongola kupita ku North America, amakhala kumpoto kwa Eurasia. Wolverine adakhazikika kumpoto kwa taiga, nkhalango-tundra, posankha malo omwe pali mitengo yambiri ndi zitsamba zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina zimapezeka pagombe la Arctic. Mwambiri, amafufuza malo omwe kuchuluka kwa nyama zakutchire ndikokwanira. Zakudya zake zimadalira.
Kudera la Europe, malo okhala wolverine akuphatikizapo Finland, kumpoto kwa Scandinavia Peninsula, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Belarus, Poland ndi Russia. Ponena za dziko lathu, nkhandwe imapezeka kumadera monga Leningrad, Kirov, Vologda, Novgorod, Murmansk, Pskov, Perm Territories. Wolverine amakhalanso ku Karelia, Republic la Komi, Kola Peninsula, Kamchatka, Far East ndi Siberia.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti dziko la America ku Michigan lilinso ndi dzina loti Wolverine State, lomwe limatanthauza "State of the Wolverines". Chifukwa cha ntchito za anthu, chifukwa cha kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, kumangidwa kwatsopano ndi kukulitsa madera amizinda yakale, kusaka kosaka nyama zonyamula ubweya, kukula kwa dera lomwe wolverine amakhala kumachepa kwambiri, malire ake akusunthira kumpoto. M'malo ambiri omwe wolverine ankakhazikika ndikukhalamo bwino, tsopano ndiwosowa kwambiri kapena wasowa m'malo amenewo kwathunthu.
Kodi wolverine amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Wolverine mu chisanu
Zinyama zazing'ono komanso zazikuluzikulu zimakhala nyama ya wolverines. Zakudya zake ndizolemera kwambiri komanso zosiyanasiyana, nyama siyokonda chakudya. Wolverine ndi wolimba kwambiri ndipo amatha kuthamangitsa nyama yake kwa nthawi yayitali, kuwachotsa mphamvu yake yomaliza. Panali nthawi zina pamene adagonjetsa chigulu chachikulu, chomwe adapita nacho kukakwera chipale chofewa, komwe adakanirira. Wolverine samazengereza kunyamula nyama zakufa pambuyo pa nyama zina zolusa. Amaphunzira za iye, akumvetsera mosamala phokoso la akhwangwala omwe adawulukira kuphwando.
Ozunzidwa a Wolverine nthawi zambiri amakhala nyama zofooka kapena zodwala. Iye, monga kuyeretsa kosatopa, amamasula gawolo ku nyama zofooka ndi kugwa. Wolverine amagwira nyama zam'mimba, nkhosa zamapiri, nswala zam'mapiri, agwape. Nthawi zambiri amatsata anthu ovulala kale kapena ofooka ndi matendawa. Manambalawa amalankhula okha, zimadziwika kuti mwa nyama khumi ndi ziwiri zokhala ndi ziboda, zisanu ndi ziwiri zimadyedwa ndi wolverine pambuyo pa adani akuluakulu, ndipo zitatu zimagwidwa zokha.
Wolverine samanyansidwa kuyesa makoswe ang'onoang'ono, hares, agologolo, ma hedgehogs. Ngati adya nyama yaying'ono nthawi yomweyo, ndiye kuti nyama yayikuluyo imagawika m'magawo angapo. Zomwe sizingadhenso, amabisala mosungira mosungira, komwe amakonza mobisa, komanso pakati pa miyala, komanso pansi pa chisanu. Amadziwika kuti nyama imatha kudya nyama yam'mimba pafupifupi masiku anayi. Chifukwa chake, zouluka ndi nyama zakufa zomwe zatsalira kuchokera kuzilombo zazikuluzikulu zimapanga menyu yachisanu ya wolverine. Nsagwada zake zazikulu ndi zolimba zimatafuna ngakhale chakudya chozizira kwambiri mosavuta.
M'nyengo yotentha, chakudya cha chilombocho chimasiyanasiyana, chimaphatikizapo:
- mbalame zosiyanasiyana ndi mazira awo;
- Zakudya zabwino za nsomba;
- mbewa, njoka, abuluzi, achule;
- mbozi (makamaka mavu);
- mtedza, zipatso komanso uchi.
Nthawi zina, ngakhale sizichitika kawirikawiri, zimachitika kuti mimbuluzi zimalumikizana m'magulu kuti zisakale kwambiri. Zakhala zikuwonetsedwa ku Siberia ndi Far East, komwe nyama zam'mimba ndizambiri. Mimbuluyi idazindikira kale kuti ikuthawa mdani, ikuzungulira mozungulira. Chifukwa cha ichi, nyama zanzeru zatulukira njira ina yosakira: wolverine m'modzi amathamangitsa nyama zam'mimba, kuthamangitsa mozungulira, pomwe anzawo ena amadikirira kuti bwaloli litseke, ndipo wovulalayo sadzakhala ndi mwayi.
Ngakhale mimbulu siyothamanga kwambiri, nthawi zina imakhala yopanda liwiro lokwanira kuti igwire nyama yake, koma chilombo champhamvuchi chimapirira mokwanira! Wolverine amatha kuthamangitsa wosankhidwa kwanthawi yayitali, kumupha ndikumugwetsa mwamphamvu, kuleza mtima ndi mphamvu pankhaniyi.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Wolverine m'nyengo yozizira
Wolverine amatha kutchedwa wosungulumwa komanso woyendayenda yemwe samakhala pamalo amodzi ndikuyenda makilomita makumi ambiri patsiku kufunafuna chakudya. Chilombocho sichitha msanga, koma mosatopa. Akatswiri a zoooti awona zochitika pamene wolverine sanayime kuposa 70 km osayima. Gawo lodziwika bwino la wolverine limatha kufikira 2000 km. Amuna samalekerera amuna ena akawalanda, ndipo samathamangitsa akazi.
Wolverine alibe nyumba yokhazikika, imatha kupuma paliponse: pakati pa mizu yamitengo ikuluikulu, m'mabowo, m'ming'alu yamiyala komanso poyenda chabe. Pokhapokha wolverine akukonzekera kukhala mayi, amadzimangira yekha china chonga chimbalangondo, kutalika kwake kumatha kukhala mamitala makumi.
Nyama imakonda kupita kukasaka madzulo, ndipo imadzuka usiku. Kuzindikira kwa kununkhiza, kuwona bwino komanso kumva bwino kumamuthandiza pankhaniyi. Chinyama chimakhala moyo wobisika, kuyesera kukhala kutali ndi malo okhala anthu, kumamvetsera mosamala komanso kusamala. Wolverine amakhala wopanda mantha komanso wolimba mtima. Chilombo cholimba sichimazimitsidwa, ngakhale pali nyama patsogolo pake, yomwe imakulirapo kangapo kuposa wolverine yomwe. Kuwona kwa wolverine kumatha kuwoneka pang'ono komanso kukwiya. Zowononga izi sizikhala ndi anzawo ndipo zimathamangitsa opikisana nawo kutali ndi gawo lawo, kuwonetsa nyama zawo ndikumveka kubangula.
Chilichonse chimayang'aniridwa ndi wolverine: chimadutsa mwakuya mtunda wakuya kwambiri, chimakwera bwino mitengo iliyonse, chimasambira modabwitsa. Wolverine sikuti amangokhala wolimba mtima modabwitsa, ali ndi mawonekedwe olimba, achitsulo, komanso aluntha, amasamala. Chilombocho chimatha kuyenda mosazindikira konse m'njira za anthu, kapena m'njira za nyama zina zolusa kuti zipeze chokoma. Nthawi zina Wolverine amapasula malo osungira nyama nthawi yozizira, amaba nyama zawo pamsampha. Wolverine alibe mtundu wake watsiku ndi tsiku; imagona ikamakhala yotopa, mosasamala nthawi. Nayi wolverine wolimba mtima, wosakhazikika, wolimba, wolusa pang'ono komanso wosagwirizana naye!
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Wolverine nyama
Wolverines samapanga mgwirizano wamagulu komanso wokhalitsa. Mwachibadwa amakhala osungulumwa. Mabanja amapanga masabata awiri m'nyengo yokwanira, kenako nkupita, monga zombo panyanja. Nthawi yokhwima ya nyama izi imayamba kuyambira Meyi mpaka Ogasiti. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, pambuyo pa umuna, dzira limayamba kukula m'mwezi wachisanu ndi chiwiri kapena wachisanu ndi chitatu, kukula uku kumatenga pafupifupi masiku forte, ndipo anawo amawonekera mu February kapena Marichi. Ntchito yonseyi imabwerezedwa kamodzi zaka ziwiri zilizonse. Mayiyo ali ndi ana awiri kapena anayi.
Asanabadwe, mkaziyo amamanga phanga (nthawi zambiri pansi pa chipale chofewa), samadandaula za kutonthozedwa, amaponyera zofunda mosasamala, nthawi yomweyo akuwuza anawo kuti akuyembekezera moyo wovuta wosamukasamuka, komwe kumakhala kosafunikira konse. Ana amawoneka opanda thandizo komanso akhungu, atakhala ndi ubweya wonyezimira. Nyenyeswazi zimalemera pafupifupi magalamu 100. Mphamvu zawo zowoneka zimapangidwa pafupi ndi mwezi, ndiye kuti kulemera kwawo kumafikira theka la kilogalamu. Mayi wosamalira wolverine amawasamalira ndi mkaka kwa miyezi itatu, kenako amayamba kuyambitsa nyama yopukutidwa mu chakudya chawo, kenako amayamba maphunziro osaka.
Chakumapeto kwa nthawi yachilimwe, ana okulirapo amatuluka m dzenje ndikuyenda pamiyendo ya amayi awo, omwe amawaphunzitsa kusintha kosalekeza ndikuwapatsa luso losaka nyama. Ana amakhala ndi amayi awo mpaka atakwanitsa zaka ziwiri, kenako amabalalika kufunafuna gawo lawo, komwe amakhala moyo wosadalira anzawo. Mwachilengedwe, nkhanza, zachilengedwe, wolverine amatha kukhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka 10, ali muukapolo amakhala nthawi yayitali (mpaka zaka 17).
Adani achilengedwe a wolverines
Chithunzi: Animal wolverine
Tikamvetsetsa nkhaniyi mwatsatanetsatane, titha kunena kuti wolverine alibe adani ambiri kuthengo. Izi zikuphatikizapo nyama zolusa monga mimbulu, ziphuphu, zimbalangondo. Koma samaukira wolverine kawirikawiri, kuyesera kuti adutse. Zimangokhudza fungo lake lenileni, lomwe amapereka osati kungolemba gawo, kuti akope amuna kapena akazi anzawo, komanso kuti awopsyeze anthu omwe akufuna zoipa. Chinsinsi chonunkhira ichi chimapatsa nyamazo nyonga ndi kulimba mtima kwakuti mmbulu amatha kubera mwankhanza nkhandwe ngakhalenso mphalapala popanda kuzengereza. Nthawi zina ngakhale chimbalangondo chimavutika ndi antics opanda nzeru a chilombo.
Lnxx safuna kuukira wolverine, kunyansitsa fungo lake lonyansa, chifukwa iye mwini ndi waukhondo. Amayesetsa kubisala mwachangu kwa mkazi wopanda nzeru ngati ameneyu kuti asadzasokonezenso naye. Mimbulu ikuluikulu yamphongo yokha siidana nayo kuukira nkhandwe, imamva mphamvu ndi mphamvu komanso imakhala ndi nsagwada zamphamvu ndi mano akuthwa. Ngati zifukwa ziwiri zoyambirira zalephera, chida cha fetid chimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mkwiyo ndi nkhanza za wolverine nthawi zina zimangokhala zochepa, kotero ngakhale chimbalangondo chimayesetsa kutalikirana naye.
Mmbuluwu umazunza anthu kawirikawiri, nthawi zovuta kwambiri, pomwe ulibe kopita, pomwe umatulutsa khungwa la nkhandwe. Ngakhale ilibe mantha komanso mphamvu, wolverine sadzaukira popanda chifukwa, amasamala kwambiri pankhaniyi. Kuopsa kwakukulu kwa chirombo ichi ndi munthu, chifukwa ubweya wa wolverine ndiwofunika kwambiri, chifukwa chake nyama zambiri zimawonongedwa ndi ozembetsa. Kuphatikiza apo, kusakhala bwino kwachilengedwe kumakhudzanso kuchuluka kwa nyama, kumachepetsa. Mmodzi mwa adani owopsa kwambiri a wolverine ndi njala; nyama zambiri zazing'ono zimamwalira.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Wolverine
Chiwerengero cha wolverine, mwatsoka, chikuchepa, nyama zodabwitsa izi zimakhalabe zochepa. Chifukwa cha ichi sichinthu chimodzi, koma kuphatikiza kwawo.
Choyamba, ndikusaka. Mtengo wa khungu la nyama ndiwokwera kwambiri, umawononga ndalama zambiri kuposa khola. Zipewa zabwino, ma kolala, maffe ndi zovala zina amasokedwa pamenepo. Ngakhale pachisanu chozizira kwambiri, zikopa za wolverine siziphimbidwa ndi chisanu. Poyamba, sizinali zophweka kugwira chilombocho, chifukwa chimatha kudutsa pomwe anthu sangathe, tsopano, chifukwa cha oyendetsa matalala, ndizosavuta kuchita izi, chifukwa chake opha nyama mosadziwa nthawi zambiri sadziwa muyeso.
Kachiwiri, kusakhala bwino kwachilengedwe, kuchuluka kwa zigawo zamatawuni kumachepetsa kwambiri gawo lanyama, zomwe zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa chiwerengero chake.
Chachitatu, matenda osiyanasiyana azanyama (makamaka chiwewe) amawononga wolverine pamlingo waukulu. Musaiwale kuti nthawi zambiri amadya nyama zovunda ndi zowola, chifukwa chake chiopsezo chake chotenga matenda ndichokwera kwambiri.
Wolverine amadziwika kuti ndi nyama yosatetezeka m'malo ambiri omwe amakhala; anthu ena a nyamayi amaopsezedwa kuti atha. Kumpoto kwa America kokha ndi komwe nkhalango za wolverine ndizokhazikika komanso sizoyambitsa nkhawa.
Wolverine woyang'anira
Chithunzi: Wolverine Red Book
Wolverine adatchulidwa osati mu International Red Book kokha, komanso amapezekanso m'mabuku a Red Data Books akumadera ena mdziko lathu monga:
- Republic of Karelia;
- Dera la Murmansk;
- Leningrad dera.
Tiyenera kudziwa kuti sikuti ubweya wa wolverine wokha ndiwokwera mtengo kwambiri, koma wolverine wamoyo yemwe wagwidwa ndiwokwera mtengo kwambiri, choncho nyamayo imagwidwa yamoyo. Izi zimachitika chifukwa malo osungira nyama ambiri amafuna kuti atolere nyama yachilendo. Wolverine samazika mizu pamenepo, chifukwa sakonda phokoso, zopanda pake komanso alendo. Tiyeneradi kulingalira za kutetezedwa kwa nyama zokongolazi osati zokongola zokha komanso zosangalatsa zachilengedwe za m'nkhalango.
Mwachidule, ndikufuna kuwonjezera kuti wolverine ndiwanzeru kwambiri, wamphamvu, wolimba modabwitsa, wopanda mantha, koma nthawi yomweyo ali waudongo kwambiri, amakhala tcheru nthawi zonse. Kubisala kwa aliyense, amatsogolera moyo wawo wodziyimira pawokha, wopanda nkhawa, wodzaza ndi mayendedwe osatha pofunafuna chakudya.
Wolverine kulemekezedwa ndi anthu ambiri, mwachitsanzo, Amwenye aku America adawona chirombo ichi kukhala munthu wanzeru, wochenjera kwambiri komanso wosamala kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, munthu sayenera kuiwala zaudindo wake monga nkhalango mwadongosolo, zomwe zimabweretsa zabwino izi kwa onse okhala m'nkhalango, komanso kwa anthu. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuganizira funso ili: "Tingapindule ndi chiyani kwa wolverine?"
Tsiku lofalitsa: 10.02.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 16.09.2019 pa 14:58
