Ng'ona yophatikizana idadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa zitunda m'dera la eyeballs. Amakulitsa kukula ndi kuchuluka ndi ukalamba. Ng'ona yosakanizidwa kapena yamchere wamchere ndi imodzi mwazinyama zakale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe ake ndizodabwitsa kwambiri ndipo zimabweretsa mantha achilengedwe. Ndi imodzi mwazirombo zamphamvu kwambiri komanso zazikulu kwambiri, kuposa ngakhale chimbalangondo chakumtunda kukula ndi mphamvu.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Ng'ona yamchere
Ng'ona zosekedwa ndi zokwawa ndipo zikuyimira dongosolo la ng'ona, banja ndi mtundu wa ng'ona zowona, zopatsidwa mawonekedwe a ng'ona zosekedwa. Mtundu wa chokwawa ichi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zakale kwambiri padziko lapansi. Malinga ndi asayansi, iwo adachokera kwa osakwatira a crocodilmorphous.
Zamoyo izi zimakhala m'madzi pafupi ndi dziko la Gondwana pafupifupi zaka 100 miliyoni zapitazo. Chodabwitsa, adakwanitsa kupulumuka pakutha kwa Cretaceous-Paleogene. Zotsalira za chokwawa chakale zapezeka m'chigawo chakumadzulo cha Queensland. Malinga ndi mbiriyakale, panali dera lina m'mbali imeneyi. Mafupa a mafupawo akusonyeza kuti zokwawa zam'madzi za nthawi imeneyo zinkatha kusinthana koopsa.
Asayansi sangatchule nthawi yapadera yomwe ing'onoting'ono yotuluka, ngati mtundu wina. Zotsalira zoyambirira za ng'ona zazaka pafupifupi 4.5 - 5 miliyoni. Kunja, ng'ona zokazinga zimafanana kwambiri ndi ng'ona zaku Philippines, New Guinea kapena Australia. Koma kuyerekezera kwa majini kumawonetsa kufanana ndi mitundu ya zokwawa zaku Asia.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Mamba ofiira a ng'ona yamchere
Maonekedwe a chokwawa chowopsa komanso champhamvu ndi chochititsa chidwi komanso chochititsa mantha. Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu kumafika mamita sikisi. Kulemera kwa thupi 750 - 900 kilogalamu.
Zosangalatsa! Kulemera kwa mutu umodzi mwa amuna akulu akulu kumafika matani awiri! Zokwawa zimawonetsa mawonekedwe azakugonana. Akazi ndi ochepa kwambiri komanso opepuka kuposa amuna. Kulemera kwa akazi kumakhala pafupifupi theka, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi sikupitilira mita zitatu.
Thupi limakhala lathyathyathya komanso lowoneka bwino, loyenda mchira waukulu. Kutalika kwake kumapitilira theka la kutalika kwa thupi. Thupi lolemera kwambiri limathandizidwa ndi miyendo yayifupi, yamphamvu. Chifukwa cha izi, ng'ona zokhazokha zakhala za ma alligator kwanthawi yayitali kwambiri. Komabe, atafufuza adasamutsidwa kupita kubanja ndi mitundu ya ng'ona zenizeni.
Kanema: ng'ona yosekedwa
Ng'ona zili ndi mphuno yayitali ndi nsagwada zazikulu, zamphamvu. Amphamvu mwamphamvu ndipo ali ndi mano akuthwa 64-68. Palibe amene angathe kumasula nsagwada zotseka. Mutuwu uli ndi maso ang'onoang'ono, okwera kwambiri ndi mizere iwiri ya zitunda zomwe zimayambira kumaso mpaka kumapeto kwa mphuno.
Mbali yakumbuyo ndi pamimba ili ndi masikelo, omwe samatha msinkhu, monga oimira mitundu ina. Mtundu wa khungu ndi bulauni kapena wobiriwira wobiriwira wokhala ndi utoto wa azitona. Mtundu uwu umakuthandizani kuti musadziwike mukamabisalira mukamasaka. Achinyamata ndi opepuka, achikasu ndi mikwingwirima yakuda komanso mawanga pathupi lonse.
Pofika zaka 6-10, mtundu wa zokwawa umakhala ndi mdima wandiweyani. Ndi zaka, mawanga ndi mikwingwirima zimayamba kuchepa komanso zowala, koma sizimatha konse. M'munsi mwa mimba ndi ziwalo zimakhala zowala kwambiri, pafupifupi zachikasu. Mbali yamkati ya mchira ndi yotuwa ndi mikwingwirima yakuda.
Zokwawa zili ndi maso abwino. Amatha kuwona bwino kwambiri m'madzi komanso pamtunda, patali kwambiri. Mukakhala m'madzi, maso amaphimbidwa ndi kanema wapadera woteteza. Ng'ona zamchere zimapatsidwa kumva kwakukuru, chifukwa cha zomwe zimachita pakamveka phokoso kakang'ono, kosamveka. Thupi la ing'onoli limakhala ndi tiziwalo timene timatulutsa mchere wambiri. Chifukwa cha ichi, sichingakhale chamoyo chokha, komanso m'madzi amchere amchere.
Kodi Ng'ona Yotayika Imakhala Kuti?
Chithunzi: Ng'ona yayikulu
Masiku ano, malo okhala ng'ona zokhala ndi anthu ochepa zatsika kwambiri.
Malo okhala ng'ona zamchere:
- Indonesia;
- Vietnam;
- Madera akum'mawa kwa India;
- New Guinea;
- Australia;
- Philippines;
- Kumwera cha Kum'mawa kwa Asia;
- Japan (osakwatira).
Zowononga zambiri zimakhazikika m'madzi a Indian, Pacific Ocean, kumpoto kwa Australia. Ng'ona yamtunduwu imasiyanitsidwa ndi luso lake losambira bwino ndikuyenda maulendo ataliatali. Chifukwa cha kuthekera uku, amatha kusambira mpaka kunyanja ndikukhala komweko kwa mwezi umodzi kapena kupitilira apo. Amuna amakonda kuyenda mtunda wa makilomita zikwi zambiri; akazi amatha kusambira theka lanji. Amatha kukhala omasuka m'madzi ang'onoang'ono. Amatha kuzolowera kukhala m'madamu okhala ndi madzi abwino komanso amchere.
Malo opanda phokoso, odekha komanso amadzi akuya, zipululu, malo athyathyathya okhala ndi udzu wapamwamba, komanso mitsinje ya mitsinje ndi gombe la nyanja zimawerengedwa ngati malo abwino. Zokwawa zikapezeka m'madzi a m'nyanja kapena m'nyanja, zimakonda kusambira ndi kuyenda m'malo mosuntha.
Zambiri mwaziwombankhanga zamphamvu komanso zowononga nyama zimakonda nyengo yotentha, ndi magwero ang'onoang'ono amadzi - madambo, milomo yamitsinje. Chilala chitayamba, amapita mpaka kumlomo ndi mitsinje.
Kodi ng'ona zophika zimadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Ng'ona yamchere
Ng'ona zamchere zamchere ndi nyama zamphamvu kwambiri, zochenjera komanso zowopsa. Mu unyolo wazakudya, ndiye gawo lalikulu kwambiri. Chakudyacho ndi nyama, yomwe nyama yamphamvu komanso yayikulu imasowa mochuluka. Nyama imangodya nyama yatsopano. Sadzagwiritsanso ntchito mtembo, pokhapokha atakhala wofooka. Achinyamata ndi akazi amatha kudya tizilombo tating'onoting'ono komanso tating'onoting'ono. Yaikulu, yaimuna yamphongo imafuna nyama zokulirapo zokulirapo.
Maziko a ng'ona yosakaniza ndi awa:
- nyumbu;
- Njati za ku Africa;
- akamba;
- nguluwe zakutchire;
- nsombazi ndi nsomba zazikulu kwambiri;
- mbawala;
- matepi;
- kangaroo;
- akambuku;
- Zimbalangondo;
- mimbulu.
Panyama, ng'ona zokazinga zimawerengedwa kuti ndi nyama zowopsa. Amadya chilichonse, osanyoza ngakhale anthu ndi ng'ona zina, kuphatikiza oyimira mitundu yawo, ang'onoang'ono ndi ang'onoang'ono okha. Alibe ofanana ndi luso losaka. Ng'ona zimatha kudikirira kwa nthawi yayitali m'madzi kapena m'nkhalango za zomera.
Nyamayo ikakhala kuti ili pafupi, nyamayo ili ndi mphezi imathamangira pa iyo ndipo imatseka nsagwada zake ndi chifanizo. Sachita nawo kupha, koma kumugwira wovulalayo kuti azungulire mozungulira matupi awo ndikung'amba zidutswa. Ng'ona imatha kumeza chidutswa mwakamodzi, chomwe chimafanana ndi theka la kulemera kwake.
Poyamba, ng'ona zimawoneka ngati nyama yosakhazikika komanso yosakhazikika. Komabe, uku ndikulingalira molakwika. Amagonjetsa mosavuta zopinga, pomwe akusaka amatha kukwera phiri lalitali, lamiyala komanso miyala yoterera. Pakusaka nyama m'madzi, imakula msanga mpaka 35 km / h.
Chakudya chochuluka chomwe chimadyedwa chimakonzedwa kukhala minofu ya adipose. Zimathandiza chiwombankhanga kupirira mosavuta kusapezeka kwa chakudya. Ndi minofu yokwanira ya adipose, anthu ena amatha kukhala opanda chakudya miyezi ingapo mpaka chaka. Zowononga zili ndi miyala m'mimba mwawo zomwe zimathandiza kugaya zidutswa za nyama zomwe zimameza zonse.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Ng'ona yosekedwa yochokera ku Red Book
Ng'ona zamchere zamchere ndi nyama zowopsa kwambiri, zochenjera komanso zanzeru. Mwa mphamvu, mphamvu ndi machenjera, alibe opikisana nawo mwachilengedwe. Itha kupezeka m'madzi amchere komanso amchere. Pofunafuna chakudya ndikusaka, amatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali, kupita kunyanja kukakhala komweko kwa nthawi yayitali. Mchira wautali wamphamvu, womwe umagwira ntchito ngati chiwongolero, umathandiza kuyenda m'madzi.
Pa mitsinje, kwa nthawi yayitali komanso yambiri, zokwawa sizimasuntha. Zowononga sizikhala ndi ziweto. Amatha kukhala pagulu, koma nthawi zambiri amasankha kukhala payekha.
Ng'ona zamchere sizimalola kutentha kwambiri. Amakonda kumiza m'madzi ndikudikirira kutentha kwakukulu kumeneko. Kutentha kozungulira kumatsika, zokwawa zimayang'ana malo ofunda, miyala ndi miyala, malo otenthedwa ndi dzuwa. Adyera olakwika amaonedwa kuti ndi anzeru kwambiri komanso adongosolo. Amakonda kulumikizana kudzera pamawu ena. Pakati paukwati, komanso polimbana ndi gawo, atha kukhala ankhanza kwambiri kwa ena omwe akuimira mitundu yawo. Matendawa ndi owopsa ndipo nthawi zambiri amapha.
Gulu lililonse kapena laling'ono lili ndi gawo lake, lomwe limatetezedwa ku kuwukira kwa anthu ena. Akazi amakhala m'dera pafupifupi kilomita imodzi ndipo amawatchinjiriza kuzilombo zina. Amunawa amakhala ndi malo akuluakulu, omwe amaphatikizapo akazi angapo ndi malo amadzi abwino oswana. Amuna amakwiya kwambiri kwa amuna anzawo, koma othandizira akazi. Amakhala okonzeka kugawana nawo zomwe agwidwa.
Anthu samachita mantha ndi zokwawa. Iwo samawaukira kawirikawiri monga nyama. Zodabwitsazi ndizofala kumadera komwe nyama zambiri zimadyetsa chakudya. Komanso, kuukira anthu kumachitika ngati munthu wasanyalanyaza kapena akuwopseza ng'ona zazing'ono kapena kuyikira mazira.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Ng'ona yayikulu
Nyengo yokwanira ya zokwawa zolusa imatenga kuyambira Novembala mpaka kumapeto kwa Marichi. Munthawi imeneyi, pali chikhumbo choyandikira pafupi ndi madzi abwino. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala kulimbana pakati pa amuna pafupi ndi malo osungira. Amuna amakonda kupanga zomwe zimatchedwa "harems", zomwe zimaposa akazi khumi.
Kupanga ndi kukonza chisa ndi chisamaliro chomwe chimagwera kwathunthu pamapewa azimayi. Amapanga zisa zazikulu zotalika mamita 7-8 ndi kupitirira mita imodzi ndikuziyika paphiri kuti mvula isawononge. Ikakwerana, yaikazi imaikira mazira pachisa. Chiwerengero cha mazira chimatha kukhala chosiyana komanso kuyambira 25 mpaka 95 zidutswa.
Akayikira mazirawo, amasenda mosamala mazirawo ndi masamba komanso masamba obiriwira. Patatha pafupifupi miyezi itatu, chiphokoso chofewa komanso chosamveka chimamveka kuchokera pachisa. Chifukwa chake, ng'ona zazing'ono zimaitana amayi awo kuti awathandize, kuti athe kuwathandiza kuchotsa nkhono. Munthawi yonseyi, mkazi amakhala pafupi ndi chisa chake ndikuchisamalira mosamala.
Ng'ona zazing'ono zimabadwa zazing'ono kwambiri. Kukula kwa thupi la ana obadwa ndi masentimita 20-30. Unyinji si upambana magalamu zana. Komabe, ng'ona zimakula msanga kwambiri, zimakhala zamphamvu ndikukula thupi. Mkazi amasamalira ana ake kwa miyezi 6-7. Ngakhale chisamaliro ndi chitetezo, kupulumuka sikungodutse gawo limodzi. Gawo la mkango wamwanawo limawonongeka pomenya nkhondo ndi achikulire komanso olimba, komanso nawonso amakhudzidwa ndi ng'ona zodya anzawo.
Akatswiri a Zoologist akuwona kuti ngati kutentha kwapakati pa chisa kumakhala madigiri 31.5, ndiye kuti amuna ambiri amaswa kuchokera m'mazira. Kutentha kumeneku kumasamalidwa ndi zomera zowola zomwe zinali m'chisa. Ngati nyengo ya kutentha imasinthasintha motsata njira yocheperako kapena yochulukirapo, ndiye kuti akazi amakhala pakati pa ana obadwa. Amayi amakwanitsa kufikira zaka 10-12, amuna azaka 15, 16 zokha.
Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti akazi omwe kutalika kwa thupi lawo limapitilira mita 2.2 ndipo amuna omwe kutalika kwawo kumatalika mamita 3.2 amakhala okonzeka kukwatira. Nthawi yayitali ya ng'ona yosakaniza ndi zaka 65-75. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala anthu azaka zana limodzi omwe amakhala zaka 100 kapena kupitilira apo.
Adani achilengedwe a ng'ona yosekedwa
Chithunzi: Ng'ona yamchere
Mwachilengedwe, ng'ona zokazinga zilibe mdani. Nthawi zina, amatha kugwidwa ndi nsombazi. Mdani wamkulu wa munthu ndi munthu. Chifukwa cha zomwe amachita poaching, mtundu wa reptile uyu anali atatsala pang'ono kutha. Achinyamata, komanso mazira a ng'ona zosekedwa, amaonedwa kuti ndi omwe ali pachiwopsezo cha nyama zosiyanasiyana.
Zowononga zomwe zingawononge zisa kapena kuwukira ana:
- Onetsetsani abuluzi;
- Akamba akulu;
- Zitsamba;
- Nkhwangwa;
- Hawks;
- Felines;
- Nsomba zikuluzikulu zolusa.
Akuluakulu, amuna olimba nthawi zambiri amadya achichepere komanso ofooka. Mkati mwa nyanja, nsombazi ndizoopsa kwambiri kwa ana.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Ng'ona yosekedwa mwachilengedwe
Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 80, kuchuluka kwa ng'ona zotsalira kudatsika mpaka kufika povuta kwambiri. Zokwawa zinawonongeka mochuluka chifukwa cha kufunika kwa khungu komanso kuthekera kopanga zinthu zodula. Ng'ona wamtunduwu adatchulidwa mu Red Book pomwe ali ndi "chiopsezo". M'madera omwe amakhalamo, kuwononga nyama zang'ona kosaloledwa ndikololedwa ndi lamulo ndikulangidwa ndi lamulo. M'mayiko momwe ng'ona zimakhala m'malo achilengedwe, khungu lake limayamikiridwa kwambiri, ndipo mbale zanyama zokwawa zimawoneka ngati chakudya chapadera.
Kuwonongeka kwa malo omwe anthu amakhala akuzolowera kunayambitsanso kuchepa kwakukulu kwa anthu. M'mayiko ambiri, momwe nyama zolusa kale zimawonedwa ngati nyama zodziwika bwino, tsopano zawonongedweratu. Chitsanzo chotere ndi Sri Lanka ndi Thailand, m'modzi yekha adatsalira ku Japan. Kudera lakumwera kwa Vietnam, zokwawa zomwe zimakonda kukhala zikwizikwi. Pambuyo pake, anthu mazana angapo adawonongedwa. Masiku ano, malinga ndi akatswiri a zoo, chiwerengero cha zokwawa zazikuluzi chikuposa anthu 200,000. Masiku ano, ng'ona yosekedwa imawerengedwa kuti ndi mitundu yosawerengeka, koma osati pangozi.
Chitetezo cha ng'ona
Chithunzi: Mamba ofiira a ng'ona yamchere
Pofuna kuteteza nyama zokwawa ngati zamoyo, komanso kuti zisawonongeke, ng'ona yosakanizidwayo yalembedwa m'buku lofiira lapadziko lonse lapansi. Ikutchulidwanso mu Zowonjezera 1 za msonkhano wamizinda, kupatula New Guinea, Australia, Indonesia. Njira zomwe zatengedwa m'gawo la mayiko ambiri kusunga ndikuwonjezera mitunduyo sizinaphule kanthu.
Ku India, pulogalamu yapadera yodzitetezera mdani wokhetsa magazi yakhazikitsidwa ndikukhazikitsidwa. Pachifukwa ichi, imapangidwa m'malo opangira malo a Bkhitarkinak National Reserve. Chifukwa cha zochitika za pakiyi ndi anthu ogwira ntchito, pafupifupi anthu chikwi ndi theka adamasulidwa kuzikhalidwe. Mwa awa, pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa atatu adapulumuka.
Pafupifupi anthu chikwi amakhala ku India, ndipo anthuwa amadziwika kuti ndi okhazikika.
Australia imawerengedwa kuti ikutsogolera pa ziweto zambiri zokwawa. Akuluakulu aboma ali ndi chidwi chophunzitsa anthu komanso kuwadziwitsa zakufunika kosunga ndikuwonjezera mitundu ya ziweto, komanso za njira zopalamula pakuwononga nyama. M'dzikoli pali minda yogwira ntchito, malo osungirako zachilengedwe, m'dera lomwe ng'ona zimaswana.
Ng'ona yophatikizana amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwanyama zoopsa kwambiri, zoopsa komanso zodabwitsa padziko lapansi.N'zochititsa chidwi kuti iye ndi nyama yakale kwambiri, yomwe sinakhalepo ndi kusintha kwina kulikonse kuyambira nthawi zakale. Izi ndichifukwa chokhala m'madzi. Ndi madzi omwe amadziwika ndi kutentha kosalekeza. Ng'ona ndiopanda mantha komanso osaka mochenjera omwe ali ndi mphamvu ndi mphamvu zosadziwika zomwe sizimapezeka munyama ina iliyonse padziko lapansi.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 06.02.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 09/18/2019 pa 10:33
