Otter - woimira mustachioed wa banja la weasel. Ichi si chinyama chonyezimira komanso chowoneka bwino, komanso wosambira wosatopa, kusambira, wolusa mwanzeru, komanso wankhondo weniweni, wokonzeka kumenya nkhondo ndi wopanda nzeru. Madzi ndiye gawo la otter, ndi mvula yamabingu ya nsomba, nkhanu ndi mamazelo. Pamalo ochezera pa intaneti, otter ndiwotchuka kwambiri, izi sizinafotokozedwe kokha ndi mawonekedwe ake owoneka bwino, komanso ndimasewera ake osewerera.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Otter
Otter ndi nyama yodya nyama ya m'banja la marten. Ponseponse, pali mitundu 12 yosiyanasiyana yamtundu wa otters, ngakhale imadziwika 13. Mitundu yaku Japan yazinyama zosangalatsa izi yasowa kwathunthu padziko lathuli.
Pali mitundu yambiri, koma yotchuka kwambiri ndi iyi:
- otter yamtsinje (wamba);
- Otter waku Brazil (chimphona);
- nyanja otter (sea otter);
- Sumatran otter;
- Asia otter (yopanda zingwe).
Otter ya mumtsinje ndi yofala kwambiri, tidzamvetsetsa mbali zake pambuyo pake, koma tidzaphunzira zina mwazinthu zamtundu uliwonse zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa. Mbalame yotchedwa otter yomwe inakhazikika m'chigwa cha Amazon, imangokonda kotentha. Pamodzi ndi mchira, kukula kwake kuli kofanana ndi mita ziwiri, ndipo chilombo chotere chimalemera makilogalamu 20. Zimathamangitsa zimakhala ndi ubweya wamphamvu, wamiyala, wakuda. Chifukwa cha iye, kuchuluka kwa otters kwatsika kwambiri.
Otters a m'nyanja, kapena otters a m'nyanja, amatchedwanso beavers a m'nyanja. Ma otter am'nyanja amakhala ku Kamchatka, North America, ndi zilumba za Aleutian. Iwo ndi aakulu kwambiri, amuna amalemera makilogalamu 35. Nyama izi ndizanzeru komanso zanzeru. Amayika chakudya chomwe adachipeza m'thumba lapadera lomwe lili pansi pa dzanja lamanzere lamanzere. Pofuna kudya molluscs, amagawa zipolopolo zawo ndi miyala. Otters a m'nyanja nawonso amatetezedwa, tsopano kuchuluka kwawo kwawonjezeka pang'ono, koma kuwasaka kumakhalabe koletsedwa.
Kanema: Otter
Sumatran otter ndi nzika yakumwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia. Amakhala m'nkhalango za mango, madambo, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje yamapiri. Chosiyanitsa ndi otter iyi ndi mphuno yake, chimakhala chofewa mofanana ndi thupi lake lonse. Kupanda kutero, zimawoneka ngati otter wamba. Makulidwe ake ndi pafupifupi. Kulemera pafupifupi 7 kg, dina - kupitirira mita imodzi.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti: otter waku Asia amakhala ku Indonesia ndi Indochina. Amakonda kupezeka m'minda yampunga yodzaza madzi. Zimasiyana ndi mitundu ina yaying'ono. Imakula mpaka masentimita 45 okha.
Zikhadabo za m'manja mwake sizinapangidwe bwino, ndizochepa kwambiri ndipo nembanemba sizimapangidwa. Kusiyanitsa kwamitundu yamitundumitundu kumatengera chilengedwe chomwe akukhalamo. Ngakhale pali kusiyana, komabe, ma otter onse ali ndi kufanana kwina m'magawo ambiri, omwe tilingalire kugwiritsa ntchito otter river river monga chitsanzo.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Animal otter
Thupi la otter la mumtsinje ndilotalika ndipo limakhala ndi mawonekedwe owongoka. Kutalika kopanda mchira kumasiyana pakati pa theka la mita mpaka mita. Mchira womwewo ukhoza kukhala wochokera pa masentimita 25 mpaka 50. Kulemera kwake ndi 6 - 13 kg. Choseketsa choterechi chimakhala chophwanyaphwanya pang'ono, chachikulu, chothimbirira. Makutu ndi maso ndizazing'ono komanso kuzungulira. Miyendo ya otter, monga ya osambira odziwika, ndi yamphamvu, yayifupi komanso imakhala ndi zikhadabo ndi nembanemba zazitali. Mchira ndi wautali, womata. Zonsezi ndizofunikira kuti iye azisambira. Chilombocho chimakhala chokoma komanso chosinthasintha.
Ubweya wa otter ndi wokongola, ndichifukwa chake nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi alenje. Mtundu wakumbuyo ndi bulauni, ndipo pamimba pamakhala powalira kwambiri ndipo ndimakhala wonyezimira. Kuchokera pamwambapa, malaya aubweyawo ndi okhazikika, ndipo pansi pake pali chovala chofewa, chodzaza kwambiri komanso chofunda chomwe sichimalola kuti madzi adutse kuthupi la otter, nthawi zonse amalitenthetsa. Otters ndi aukhondo komanso okonda kukondana, nthawi zonse amasamalira momwe malaya awo amboya amakhalira, amawatsuka mosamala kuti ubweyawo ukhale wofewa komanso wofewa, izi zimakuthandizani kuti musazizire kuzizira, chifukwa otter minofu alibe mafuta mthupi lawo. Amawomba mu nthawi yachilimwe ndi chilimwe.
Amuna ndi akazi mu otters ali ofanana kwambiri, kukula kwawo kokha kumawasiyanitsa. Wamphongo ndi wokulirapo pang'ono kuposa wamkazi. Ndi diso lamaliseche, nthawi yomweyo ndizosatheka kudziwa yemwe ali patsogolo panu - wamwamuna kapena wamkazi? Chosangalatsa ndichinyama ichi ndi kupezeka kwa mavavu apadera m'makutu ndi mphuno, zomwe zimalepheretsa kulowa kwamadzi posambira. Maso a otter ndiabwino kwambiri, ngakhale pansi pamadzi amawoneka bwino. Mwambiri, zolusa izi zimamva bwino, m'madzi komanso pamtunda.
Kodi otter amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: River otter
Otter amapezeka kumayiko ena onse kupatula Australia. Ndi nyama zam'madzi zam'madzi, chifukwa chake zimakonda kukhazikika pafupi ndi nyanja, mitsinje, madambo. Matupi amadzi amatha kukhala osiyana, koma chikhalidwe chimodzi sichisintha - uku ndiye kuyera kwa madzi ndi kuyenda kwake. Otter sadzakhala m'madzi akuda. M'dziko lathu, otter amapezeka paliponse, amakhala ngakhale ku Far North, Chukotka.
Gawo lokhala ndi otter limatha kupitilira ma kilomita angapo (mpaka 20). Malo ang'onoang'ono kwambiri amakhala m'mbali mwa mitsinje ndipo amakhala pafupifupi makilomita awiri. Madera ambiri ali pafupi ndi mitsinje yamapiri. Mwa amuna, amakhala otalikirapo kuposa akazi, ndipo mphambano yawo imawonekera nthawi zambiri.
Chosangalatsa: Otter yemweyo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi nyumba zingapo kudera lawo komwe amakhala nthawi. Zowononga izi sizimanga nyumba zawo. Otters amakhala m'malo angapo pakati pamiyala, pansi pamiyala yazomera m'mbali mwa dziwe.
Nyumba izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zotuluka zingapo zachitetezo. Komanso otter nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito nyumba zomwe zatsalira ndi beavers, momwe amakhala mosatekeseka. Otter ndiwanzeru kwambiri ndipo amakhala ndi malo okhala nthawi zonse. Idzagwira ntchito ngati malo ake okhala ali m'dera lamadzi osefukira.
Kodi otter amadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Otter Wamng'ono
Gwero lalikulu la chakudya cha otter, ndithudi, ndi nsomba. Zinyama zomwe zimayenera kuphimbidwa ndi manozi zimakonda nkhono zam'madzi, mitundu yonse ya nkhanu. Otter samanyoza mazira a mbalame, mbalame zazing'ono, amasakanso makoswe ang'onoang'ono. Ngakhale muskrat ndi beter beter amatha kudya mosangalala ngati ali ndi mwayi wowagwira. Otter amatha kudya mbalame zam'madzi, nthawi zambiri kuvulala.
Nthawi yayitali yamoyo imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi otter kuti azipeza chakudya chawo. Ndi msaki wosakhazikika, yemwe m'madzi amatha kuthamangitsa nyama yake mwachangu, ndikupambana mpaka mita 300. Atasambira, otter imatha kukhala opanda mpweya kwa mphindi ziwiri. Otter ikadzaza, imapitilizabe kusaka, ndipo ndi nsomba yomwe yagwidwa imangosewera ndikusangalala.
M'malo osodza, ntchito za otters ndizofunika kwambiri, chifukwa amadya nsomba zosagulitsa ngati chakudya, chomwe chimatha kudya mazira komanso mwachangu nsomba zamalonda. Otter amadya pafupifupi kilogalamu ya nsomba patsiku. Ndizosangalatsa kuti amadya nsomba zing'onozing'ono m'madzi, kuziyika pamimba pake, ngati patebulo, ndikukoka nsomba yayikulu kugombe, komwe amadya mosangalala.
Popeza wokonda nsombazi amakhala waukhondo kwambiri, akamwe zoziziritsa kukhosi, amalowa m'madzi, kutsuka ubweya wake kuchokera ku zotsalira za nsomba. Nthawi yozizira ikafika kumapeto, nthawi zambiri mpweya umakhala pakati pa madzi oundana ndi madzi, ndipo otter amaigwiritsa ntchito, ndikuyenda bwino pansi pa ayezi ndikusaka nsomba kuti idye nkhomaliro.
Ndikoyenera kudziwa kuti kuchepa kwa thupi kwa otters kungakhale kosilira. Amakhala wopupuluma kotero kuti chimbudzi ndi kuyamwa kwa chakudya chodyedwa kumachitika mwachangu kwambiri, ntchito yonse imatenga ola limodzi lokha. Izi ndichifukwa chakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yayikulu ya nyama, yomwe imasaka kwa nthawi yayitali ndikuigwiritsa ntchito m'madzi ozizira (nthawi zambiri ayezi), pomwe kutentha sikukhala mthupi la nyama nthawi yayitali.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Otter
Moyo wam'madzi wam'madzi wam'mimba umasintha kwambiri moyo wake komanso mawonekedwe ake. Otter amakhala tcheru kwambiri ndikusamala. Ali ndi kumva modabwitsa, kununkhiza komanso kuwona bwino. Mtundu uliwonse wa otter umakhala munjira yake. Oterter river otter amakonda njira yokhayokha, nyama yolusa yamtunduwu imakonda kukhala yokha, kukhala m'gawo lake, komwe imatha kuyendetsa bwino.
Nyama izi ndizokangalika komanso zimasewera, zimasambira mosalekeza, zimatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali wapansi, komanso zimasaka munjira yoyenda. Ngakhale anali wochenjera, otter ali ndi chisangalalo chachikulu, ali ndi chidwi komanso chisangalalo. M'chilimwe, atasambira, samachita mantha kutenthetsa mafupa awo padzuwa, kugwira mitsinje ya cheza chofunda. Ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, siachilendo kwa ana ambiri monga kusayenda pansi pa phirilo. Otters amakonda kupuma motere, kusiya njira yayitali panja pachipale chofewa.
Amatsalira m'mimba mwawo, omwe amawagwiritsa ntchito ngati ayezi. Amakwera mapiri ataliatali m'nyengo yotentha, atatha kuchita zosangalatsa zonse, akumathamangira m'madzi. Mukakwera pamahatchi oterewa, otters amalira ndi mluzu moseketsa. Pali lingaliro loti samachita izi kuti azisangalala, komanso kuyeretsa malaya awo aubweya. Nsomba zochuluka, madzi oyera komanso oyenda, malo osadutsika - ichi ndiye chitsimikizo cha malo okhalitsa a otter aliyense.
Ngati pali chakudya chokwanira mdera lomwe lasankhidwa la otter, ndiye kuti limatha kukhala komweko kwa nthawi yayitali. Nyama imakonda kuyenda m'njira zomwezo. Otter samangirizidwa mwamphamvu ndi malo ena omwe amatumizidwa. Ngati chakudya chikuchepa, ndiye kuti chinyama chimapita kukapeza malo abwino okhalamo, komwe sipadzakhala mavuto ndi chakudya. Chifukwa chake, otter amatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali. Ngakhale kupitilira kwa madzi oundana komanso chipale chofewa, zimatha kusintha kupita ku 18 - 20 km patsiku.
Tiyenera kuwonjezeranso kuti otter nthawi zambiri amapita kukasaka usiku, koma osati nthawi zonse. Ngati otter akumva kukhala wotetezeka kwathunthu, samawona zoopseza zilizonse, ndiye kuti ndiwothandiza komanso wolimba pafupifupi usana ndi usiku - uwu ndi gwero lamphamvu komanso lamphamvu, lamphamvu!
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Animal otter
Kulumikizana ndi kulumikizana kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya otter ili ndi mawonekedwe awo ndi kusiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, otters am'nyanja amakhala m'magulu momwe amuna ndi akazi amapezeka. Ndipo otter waku Canada amakonda kupanga magulu amphongo okha, magulu azigawo zonse, kuyambira nyama 10 mpaka 12.
Zosangalatsa: Otsatsa mitsinje amakhala okha. Zazimayi, pamodzi ndi ana awo, zimakhala m'dera lomwelo, koma mkazi aliyense amayesetsa kudzipatula. M'manja mwa yamphongo, pali madera akukulira kwambiri, komwe amakhala mosungulumwa kwathunthu kufikira nthawi yokhwima itayamba.
Amapanga awiriawiri kwakanthawi kochepa, kenako wamwamuna amabwerera kumoyo wake wamtendere, osatenga nawo gawo polumikizana ndi ana awo. Nthawi yoswana nthawi zambiri imachitika masika ndi koyambirira kwa chilimwe. Amuna amaweruza kufunitsitsa kwa mkazi kuyandikira, malinga ndi zonunkhira zake zomwe zatsalira. Thupi la otters limakhala lokonzeka kuberekana ndi awiri (mwa akazi), atatu (mwa amuna) zaka za moyo. Kuti apambane dona wamtima, ma otters obisala nthawi zambiri amalimbana mosatopa.
Mkazi amabereka ana kwa miyezi iwiri. Pafupifupi ana anayi amatha kubadwa, koma nthawi zambiri amakhala awiri okha. Amayi a Otter amasamala kwambiri ndipo amalera ana awo mpaka chaka chimodzi. Ana amabadwa kale atavala ubweya waubweya, koma sawona chilichonse, amalemera pafupifupi 100 g.Mmasabata awiri amawona maso awo ndikuyamba kwawo kuyamba.
Pafupifupi miyezi iwiri, ayamba kale maphunziro osambira. Nthawi yomweyo, mano awo amakula, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amayamba kudya chakudya chawo. Komabe, akadali ocheperako ndipo amakhala pachiwopsezo chilichonse, ngakhale atakhala miyezi isanu ndi umodzi amakhala pafupi ndi amayi awo. Amayi amaphunzitsa ana awo kuwedza, chifukwa moyo wawo umadalira. Pokhapokha ana atakwanitsa chaka chimodzi amakhala olimba komanso achikulire, okonzeka kusambira mwaulere.
Adani achilengedwe a otter
Chithunzi: River otter
Otters amakhala moyo wachinsinsi kwambiri, kuyesera kukhazikika m'malo obisika osayandikira anthu. Komabe, nyamazi zili ndi adani okwanira.
Kutengera mtundu wa nyama ndi dera lomwe akukhalamo, izi zitha kukhala:
- ng'ona;
- nyamazi;
- zofunda;
- mimbulu;
- agalu osochera;
- mbalame zazikulu zodya nyama;
- Zimbalangondo;
- munthu.
Kawirikawiri anthu osafunafunawa amaukira nyama zazing'ono komanso zosazindikira. Ngakhale nkhandwe imatha kubweretsa mavuto kwa otter, ngakhale, nthawi zambiri, imayang'ana kwa otter ovulala kapena otsekereka. Mbalameyi imatha kudziteteza molimba mtima, makamaka ngati ana ake ali pangozi. Pali milandu pomwe adalowa kunkhondo ndi alligator ndikutuluka bwino. Otter wokwiya ndi wamphamvu kwambiri, wolimba mtima, wosachedwa kupsa mtima komanso wochenjera.
Komabe, anthu ndi omwe amawopsa kwambiri. Ndipo mfundoyi sikuti imangosaka komanso kufunafuna ubweya wokongola, komanso zochitika za anthu. Pogwira nsomba zochuluka, akuwononga chilengedwe, potero amathetsa otter, yomwe ili pachiwopsezo chotha.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Animal otter
Si chinsinsi kuti kuchuluka kwa otters kwatsika kwambiri, kuchuluka kwawo kukuwopsezedwa. Ngakhale nyamazi zimakhala pafupifupi m'makontinenti onse kupatula Australia, kulikonse otter imasungidwa bwino ndipo imalembedwa mu Red Book. Amadziwika kuti mitundu yaku Japan ya nyama zodabwitsa izi idasowanso pankhope ya Earth mu 2012. Chifukwa chachikulu chokomera anthuwa ndi anthu. Ntchito zake zosaka komanso zachuma zimaika pachiwopsezo adani awa. Zikopa zawo zamtengo wapatali zimakopa osaka, omwe atsogolera kuwonongeka kwa nyama zambiri. Makamaka m'nyengo yozizira, anthu opha nyama mosayenera amakhala oopsa.
Mavuto azachilengedwe amakhudzanso otters. Ngati matupi amadzi awonongeka, ndiye kuti nsombayo imasowa, ndipo otter amasowa chakudya, zomwe zimabweretsa ziwetozo kuimfa. Otter ambiri amakodwa ndi maukonde ophera nsomba ndikufa, atakodwa. M'zaka zaposachedwa, asodzi awononga nkhalwe chifukwa chodya nsomba. M'mayiko ambiri, otter wamba tsopano sapezeka, ngakhale kale anali wofala. Izi zikuphatikiza Belgium, Netherlands ndi Switzerland.
Chitetezo cha Otter
Chithunzi: Otter m'nyengo yozizira
Mitundu yonse ya otters ili mu Red Book yapadziko lonse. M'madera ena, kuchuluka kwa anthu kumawonjezeka pang'ono (sea otter), koma zinthuzi zimakhalabe zokhumudwitsa. Kusaka, sichinachitike monga kale, koma malo ambiri osungira, omwe otter ankakhala kale, aipitsidwa kwambiri.
Kutchuka kwa otter, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake okongola komanso mawonekedwe oseketsa, kumapangitsa anthu ambiri kulingalira mozama za kuwopseza komwe munthu amachita ndi nyama yosangalatsayi. Mwinanso patapita kanthawi, zinthu zidzasintha kukhala zabwino, ndipo kuchuluka kwa otters kumayamba kukula pang'onopang'ono.
Otter Sikuti amangotiimba mlandu ndi chidwi komanso chidwi, komanso amakwaniritsa ntchito yofunikira kwambiri yoyeretsa matupi amadzi, ndikuchita mwadongosolo, chifukwa choyambirira, amadya nsomba zodwala komanso zofooka.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 05.02.2019
Idasinthidwa: 16.09.2019 pa 16:38
