Stingray yamagetsi amadziwika kwambiri ndi kapangidwe kake ka thupi, lomwe silingasokonezedwe ndi aliyense. Kuphatikiza apo, ili ndi zinthu ziwiri zakupha: mchira wakuthwa womwe ungaboole mdani mosavuta (ndipo mwa mitundu ina ilinso ndi poyizoni), komanso kuthekera kopanga magetsi ofikira ma volts 220.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Stingray yamagetsi
Chiyambi cha kunyezimira ndi nkhani yotsutsanabe. Mwazosiyana kwambiri, ma stingray amachokera ku nsombazi, zina zomwe zasintha moyo wawo wanyimbo kukhala malo ocheperako. Chifukwa cha kusintha kumeneku, mawonekedwe a thupi la nyama komanso magwiridwe antchito amthupi asintha.
Ngati tilingalira mwatsatanetsatane za phylogenetic ya nsomba zam'mimba, ndiye malinga ndi mtundu umodzi, kholo lawo limodzi ndi gulu la nsomba zankhondo. Kuyambira chomaliza, a cartilaginous adagawanika munthawi ya Devonia. Adakula bwino mpaka nthawi ya Permian, amakhala pansi ndi pamadzi, ndikuphatikizanso magulu anayi a nsomba.
Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, nsomba zamathambo zopita patsogolo zinayamba kuwonekera. Pambuyo pakupikisana kangapo, kuchuluka kwa nsomba zamatenda ochepa kunachepa kwambiri, magulu awiri mwa magulu anayi okha adatsala.Mwina, mkati mwa nthawi ya Jurassic, makolo a ma stingray adasiyana ndi gulu limodzi lomwe lidatsalira - shark wowona.
Mabukuwa amatchula dzina la woimira wakale wa cheza - xyphotrigon, yomwe idakhalapo zaka 58 miliyoni zapitazo. Zakale zakufa zimatsimikizira kufanana kwakukulu kwakunja kwa makolo ndi anthu amakono. Anali ndi mawonekedwe ofanana thupi ndipo anali ndi mchira wautali, wosokedwa womwe nyamayo idagunda nyama yake, kapena amadziteteza kwa adani.
Chotsutsana si nkhani yokhayokha, komanso magulu amakono. Asayansi osiyanasiyana amati ma stingray amachokera ku superorder, department, kapena gawo lina. Malinga ndi gulu lomwe limalandiridwa kwambiri, ma stingray amadziwika ngati superorder, omwe amaphatikizapo maulamuliro 4: magetsi, rhombic, sawnose ndi mphira woboola pakati. Mitundu yonse yazamoyo ili pafupifupi 330.
Oimira cheza chamagetsi amatha kufikira mita ziwiri m'moyo, pomwe chizindikiritso chake ndi mita 0.5-1.5. Kulemera kwake kumakhala pafupifupi 100 kg, kulemera kwake ndi 10-20 kg.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Marble Electric Stingray
Thupi limakhala lozungulira, lophwathalala, mchira wawung'ono wokhala ndi mphalapala ndi 1-2 pamwamba. Zipsepse za pectoral zakula limodzi, ndikupatsa nsomba mawonekedwe owoneka bwino ndikupanga zomwe zimatchedwa mapiko. Pamutu, maso otuluka ndi utsi akuwoneka bwino - mabowo opangira kupuma. Nthawi zambiri, masomphenya amakhala opangidwa bwino, komabe, m'mitundu ina amakhala kulibe, ndipo maso amalowetsedwa pansi pa khungu, mwachitsanzo, oyimira mtundu wa magetsi azama nyanja. Kwa anthu oterewa, masomphenya amalowedwa m'malo ndi maelekitiridwe azinthu - mphamvu yakuzindikira mphamvu zamagetsi zochepa zochokera kuzinthu zamoyo, ndi ziwalo zina zomverera.
Kutsegula pakamwa ndi ma gill slits zili pansi pathupi. Popuma, madzi amalowa m'mitsempha kudzera mu squirt ndikutuluka. Njira imeneyi ya kupuma yakhala yosiyana ndi ma stingray onse ndipo imakhudzana mwachindunji ndi moyo wapansi. Ngati, kwinaku akupuma, ameza madzi ndi pakamwa pawo, ngati shaki, ndiye kuti mchenga ndi zinthu zina zadothi zimabwera ndi madzi, kumizimba, kuvulaza ziwalo zosalimba. Chifukwa chake, kumwera kumachitika kumtunda kwa thupi, koma madzi omwe amatulutsidwa m'ming'alu amathandizira kudzaza mchenga posaka nyama.
Mwa njira, chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa maso ndi pakamwa, kunyezimira sikuwona zomwe akudya.
Gawo lakumtunda limakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kutengera mtundu wakomweko. Zimathandiza nsomba kubisa ndi kubisala adani. Mitunduyi imakhala yamdima, pafupifupi yakuda, ngati magetsi akuda akuda, kupita ku kuwala, mtundu wa beige, monga mitundu ina ya daffodils.
Zitsanzo zakumtunda ndizosiyana kwambiri:
- malo owoneka bwino komanso owala, ngati cheza chamagetsi;
- mabwalo ang'onoang'ono akuda ngati daffodil wamawangamawanga;
- madontho ofiira osiyanasiyana, ngati miyala yamiyala;
- malo osalongosoka, akuda akuda komanso owala, monga a Cape Narc;
- zitsanzo zokongola, monga za mtundu wa Diplobatis;
- mdima, pafupifupi zolemba zakuda, monga daffodil;
- mtundu wa monochromatic, monga ma gnus achidule kapena stingray yakuda;
- mbali yakumunsi yamtundu wamitundu yambiri ndiyopepuka kuposa yakumtunda.
Kodi magetsi a magetsi amakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Nsomba zamagetsi zamagetsi
Chifukwa cha mitundu yoteteza, anthu adziwa bwino gawo lakumapeto kwa nyanja ndi nyanja zonse. Mwachigawo, ili ndi gulu lokhazikika. Kusintha kwakanthawi kotalika kuchokera ku +2 mpaka +30 madigiri Celsius, cheza chamagetsi chalola kuti pakhale matupi amchere amchere padziko lonse lapansi, posankha madera ofunda ndi otentha. Amakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana opumula, ndipo pafupifupi anthu onse amadziwika ndi kuyenda kotsika.
Ena amagwiritsitsa pansi pamchenga kapena matope am'mbali mwa nyanja, pomwe, panthawi yogona kapena kuyembekezera nyama, amabowolera mumchenga, ndikungoona maso ndi gologolo yemwe wakwera pamwamba pamutu pake. Ena adakhazikitsa miyala yamiyala yamiyala yamiyala ndi madera oyandikana nayo, otetezedwa ndi mitundu yawo. Kutalika kwa malo okhala kumasiyananso. Anthu atha kukhala m'madzi osaya komanso kuzama kopitilira mita 1000. Mbali ina ya oimira nyanja yayikulu ndikuchepetsa kwa ziwalo zamasomphenya, mwachitsanzo, Morsby stingray kapena yotha yakuya.
Momwemonso, anthu ena ali ndi malo owala pankhope ya thupi kuti akope nyama mumdima.Mitengo yocheperako yamadzi yomwe ili m'mbali mwa nyanja imatha kukumana ndi anthu posaka chakudya kapena kusamuka ndikuwonetsa mphamvu zawo zamagetsi zodzitchinjiriza.
Kodi stingray yamagetsi imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Skat
Chakudya cha kunyezimira kwamagetsi chimaphatikizapo plankton, annelids, cephalopods ndi bivalve molluscs, crustaceans, nsomba, ndi nyama zowola zosiyanasiyana. Kuti agwire nyama yonyamula, ma stingray amagwiritsa ntchito magetsi omwe amapangidwa m'matumba awiri m'munsi mwa zipsepse za pectoral. Mbalameyi imapachikika pamiyalayo ndipo ngati kuti imayikumbatira ndi mapiko ake, panthawiyi imatulutsa mphamvu yamagetsi, ndikudabwitsa nyamayo.
Nthawi zina, kutulutsa kamodzi sikokwanira, motero malo otsetsereka amatha kupanga zotulutsa makumi khumi, zomwe mphamvu zake zimachepa pang'onopang'ono. Kutha kupanga, kusunga ndi kumasula magetsi kumayendetsedwa ndi dongosolo lamanjenje, chifukwa chake ma stingray amayang'anira njirayi ndikuonetsetsa kuti osagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zonse, kusiya zopanda chitetezo.
Njira ina yosakira ndi kukankhira nyama pansi ndi kupitiriza kudya. Umu ndi momwe nsomba zimachitira ndi anthu omwe amakhala pansi omwe sangathe kusambira msanga kapena kukwawa. Pakamwa pa zamoyo zambiri, mano akuthwa amakhala odzaza kwambiri kotero kuti amapanga mawonekedwe ofanana ndi grater. Umu ndi momwe amasiyana ndi abale awo apamtima kwambiri - nsombazi. Amagaya nyama zolimba ndi mano awo.
Mitundu yofanana ndi nkhono zazifupi zimatha kutambasula pakamwa, chifukwa zimasaka ndikudya nyama yayikulu yomwe imafika theka la kutalika kwa thupi lake, ndipo nthawi zina kuposa pamenepo. Ngakhale moyo wawo inert, stingray ali ndi njala kwambiri.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe stingray imawonekera
Stingray onse amakhala ndi moyo payekha. Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, amakonda kukhala masana mwakachetechete, atagona pansi kapena akudziika mumchenga. Akapuma, amayang'ana malo oyandikana nawo pogwiritsa ntchito maelekitiridwe azinthu, kuti adziwe omwe angakodwe kapena mdani. Momwemonso, amatha kulumikizana, kutumiza ndikunyamula zikwangwani zamagetsi ngati mileme.
Kuthekera uku kumapangidwa bwino mu kunyezimira konse. Kusaka nsomba ndikusambira mwakhama usiku, ndipamene nthawi zambiri amadalira malingaliro amagetsi, popeza ngakhale mwa iwo omwe masomphenya awo sanachepe, sizimveka bwino ndipo sangathe kufotokoza bwino chilengedwe chonse, makamaka mumdima ...
M'mbali yamadzi, ma stingray amayenda bwino, ngati kuti akukwera m'madzi, safunika, mosiyana ndi nsomba, kuti athamangire mwachangu kuti apume. Kusunthaku kumachitika chifukwa chofananira kwa zipsepse zam'mimba, kapena mapiko otchedwa. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe awo osalala, safunika kuyesetsa kwambiri kuti apezeke pagulu lamadzi. Ngakhale aulesi, ma stingray amatha kusambira mwachangu, makamaka munthawi yosamuka kuchoka kwa mdani.
Mitundu ina, zipsepse za pectoral ndizochepa ndipo nsomba zimayenda chifukwa cha mchira wamphamvu. Njira ina yosunthira ndikutuluka kwakuthwa kwamadzi kuchokera m'mphuno zomwe zili pamimba, zomwe zimalola kutsetsereka kozungulira mozungulira pamadzi. Pogwira ntchito yotere, amawopseza omwe angathe kuwononga nyama, koma ngati atamuyandikira, magetsi amatetezedwa.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Nsomba za Stingray
Ma stingray ndi nsomba za dioecious cartilaginous. Ziwalo zoberekera zimakhala zovuta kwambiri.
Pali njira zitatu zomwe mluza umakulira:
- Kwa ena, kubadwa ndi moyo kumakhala kofunikira, pomwe magawo onse amakulidwe amthupi la mayi ndipo anthu obadwa kwathunthu amabadwa. Ndi njirayi, cheza chaching'ono chimakula ndikubadwa chopotozedwa kulowa mu chubu, njira yokhayo yomwe ingakwanirane ndi chiberekero, makamaka ikakhala yambiri. Kwa cheza chamagetsi, mazira a m'mimba omwe amakhala m'mimba mwa amayi omwe amakhala m'mimba ndi omwe amadziwika chifukwa cha kutuluka kwapadera, kofanana ndi villi, komwe zakudya zimaperekedwa kuchokera mthupi la mayi kupita m'mimba.
- Mitundu ina imagwiritsa ntchito ovoviviparity, pamene mazira omwe atsekeredwa m'matumba akuluakulu ali m'chiberekero. Mazirawa amakhala ndi zofunikira pakukula kwa mluza. Kukhwima kumachitika m'mazira omwe wamkazi wa mbalamezi amabala, mpaka pomwe ana amaswa.
- Njira ina ndikupanga mazira, pomwe mkazi amayikira mazira achilendo okhala ndi michere yambiri, kuwakhazikitsa pazinthu zothandizidwa ndi zingwe zapadera.
Nsomba zazing'ono, zobadwa kumene kapena zoswedwa kale zimatha kupanga magetsi. Chifukwa chakuti mwana amabadwa bwino kuti azitha kukhala ndi moyo, kuchuluka kwa mazira amitundu yosiyanasiyana kumasiyana, koma pafupifupi sikadutsa anthu 10. Ma Stingray ndi azakugonana. Kukula msinkhu kumachitika pamene cheza chikufika pamlingo winawake, mwachitsanzo, mu mankhwala osokoneza bongo aku Japan, akazi amatha kubereka mozungulira thupi pafupifupi 35 cm, ndi amuna, kutalika kwa 20 mpaka 40 cm.
Adani achilengedwe a cheza chamagetsi
Chithunzi: Stingray yamagetsi
Ma stingray onse, kuphatikiza amagetsi, amasakidwa ndi nsomba zikuluzikulu zolusa. Nthawi zambiri, izi ndi nsomba za mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Makamaka chifukwa chakupezeka kwa adani ambiri achilengedwe, kubisa mitundu, moyo wapansi, zochitika usiku ndi chitetezo chamagetsi zimawalola kukhalabe ndi ziwerengero zawo.
Mdani wina wa flatfish ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya parasitic flatworms. Ma stingray amawatengera nawo pakudyetsa, ndikukhala olandila kwawo kwanthawi yayitali kapena kwakanthawi. Izi sizosadabwitsa, chifukwa ma stingray amadya chilichonse chomwe angapeze, osapatula nyama zakufa zomwe zitha kukhala zonyamula kapena nyongolotsi.
Kuphatikiza pa nsomba zowononga ndi majeremusi, kwa kunyezimira kwamagetsi kuli ngozi yakuwedza mitundu ina ya nsomba, zomwe zimakhudza anthu kukula kwake.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Marble Electric Stingray
Magetsi a magetsi afalikira padziko lonse lapansi, makamaka zigawo za m'mphepete mwa nyanja zam'nyanja zosiyanasiyana.
Amayimilidwa ndi mitundu 69, yolumikizidwa m'mabanja otsatirawa:
- chomwa mankhwalawa;
- gnus;
- mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Mitundu yonse imatha kupanga ndikumasula pakadali pano pamlingo wina. Mitundu yambiri yamtunduwu yapatsidwa mwayi wokhala ndi "chiopsezo chochepa"; palibe mitundu ya Red Data Book pakati pamawala amagetsi. Magetsi a magetsi samasodzedwa kawirikawiri pamalonda chifukwa ndi zopanda phindu.
Kuopsa kwa nyamazi kumayimiriridwa ndi kugulitsa nsomba zochuluka, zomwe mwangozi zimangodutsa mwadzidzidzi. Komanso maukonde a gill omwe amapangidwira mitundu ina ya nsomba ndi misampha ya squid amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutchera ma stingray. Akagwidwa ndi nsomba zambirimbiri zomwe zagwidwa, ma stingray ambiri amafa, izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa mitundu yakuya yakunyanja yomwe ilibe mbale zoteteza kumtunda. Mwambiri, kuthekera kopulumukira ma stingray otere kumachepetsedwa. Ma stingray okhala ndi zipolopolo zolimba amatha kupulumuka.
Atakodwa muukonde wa gill kapena misampha ya squid, amakhala nyama yosavuta ya nsomba zazikulu ndi zazing'ono zomwe zimadya nyama, chifukwa sizingasambire, komanso kuchuluka kwa chitetezo pakadali pano ndi chochepa. Amakhala pachiwopsezo kwa anthu ngati angakumane nawo. Kutulutsa komwe kumachitika sikupha, koma koopsa chifukwa kumatha kubweretsa kusokonezeka ndipo, nthawi zina, kutaya chidziwitso. Misonkhano yotere imatha kuchitika pagombe lililonse komwe kumakhala ma stingray. Amakhala ovuta kuwawona masana, chifukwa chake ayenera kutsatira malamulo osambira m'malo otere.
Zolengedwa zodabwitsa zachilengedwe zaphunzira kukhala ndi moyo pafupi ndi kupulumuka, zitapanga zinthu zodziyimira payokha komanso zothandiza pakukula kwa mamiliyoni a zaka, m'thupi ndi machitidwe. Zosankhidwa otsetsereka magetsi machenjererowo adatsimikizira kukhala opambana, monga umboni wa kufanana kwakukulu ndi mitundu yamakolo, yomwe sinasinthe pazaka mamiliyoni ambiri zosintha.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 29.01.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 18.09.2019 pa 21:26
