Mkango wa m'nyanja ndi imodzi mwa mitundu isanu ndi umodzi ya zisindikizo zowuluka, zomwe zimapezeka makamaka m'madzi a Pacific Ocean. Mikango yam'nyanja imadziwika ndi chovala chachifupi, chowotcha chomwe sichikhala ndi malaya amkati. Kupatula mkango wam'nyanja waku California (Zalophus californianus), amuna amakhala ndi mane ngati mkango ndipo amalira nthawi zonse kuti ateteze azimayi awo.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Sea Lion
Mkango wam'nyanja waku California, womwe umapezeka m'mphepete mwa gombe lakumadzulo kwa North America, ndi chisindikizo chofala, chosiyana pang'ono kukula ndi khutu. Mosiyana ndi zisindikizo zenizeni, mikango yam'nyanja ndi zisindikizo zina zamakona zimatha kuzungulira mapiko awo akumbuyo, pogwiritsa ntchito miyendo yonse inayi kuti ifike kumtunda. Mikango yam'nyanja imakhalanso ndi mapiko ataliatali kuposa zisindikizo zowona.
Nyama zili ndi maso akulu, utoto wa utoto kuyambira utoto mpaka bulauni wakuda. Wamphongo amafika kutalika kwa pafupifupi 2.5 mita ndikulemera mpaka 400 kg. Mkazi amakula mpaka 1.8 mita ndi 90 kg. Mu ukapolo, chinyama chimatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka zopitilira 30, kuthengo, zochepa.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Momwe mkango wam'madzi umawonekera
Mikoko yakutsogolo ya mikango yam'nyanja ndiyolimba mokwanira kuti inyamule nyama pamtunda. Amathandizanso kuwongolera kutentha kwa thupi kwa mkango wam'nyanja. Pakazizira, mitsempha yamagazi yopangidwa mwapadera m'mapiko a zipsepse zogwirizana kuti iteteze kutentha. Pakatentha, magazi amapita kumadera amtundu wa thupi kumawonjezeka kuti chiweto chizizire mwachangu.
M'madzi aku California, nthawi zambiri mumatha kuwona gulu lodabwitsa la "zipsepse" zakuda litatuluka m'madzi - awa ndi mikango yam'nyanja yomwe ikuyesera kuziziritsa matupi awo.
Thupi losalala la mkango wa m'nyanja ndiloyenera kulowa m'madzi mpaka 180 mita kufunafuna nsomba zokoma ndi nyamayi. Popeza mikango yam'nyanja ndi nyama ndipo amayenera kupuma mpweya, sangakhale pansi pamadzi nthawi yayitali. Ndi mphuno zomwe zimatseka zokha zikamizidwa, mkango wam'nyanja nthawi zambiri umakhala m'madzi kwa mphindi 20. Mikango ili ndi zotchinga m'makutu zomwe zimatha kuzungulira mozungulira kuti madzi asamve m'makutu awo posambira kapena pamadzi.
Kanema: Nyanja Mkango
Kakhungu kowonekera kumbuyo kwa diso kumachita ngati kalilole, kounikira kuwala kwakung'ono komwe amapeza m'nyanja. Izi zimawathandiza kuwona pansi pamadzi pomwe pangakhale kuwala pang'ono. Mikango yam'nyanja imatha kumva komanso kumva kununkhira. Nyamazo ndizosambira bwino, zimathamanga 29 km / h. Izi zimawathandiza kuthawa adani.
Kungakhale mdima wakuya kwambiri m'nyanja, koma mikango yam'nyanja imadutsa ndi ndevu zawo. Chingwe chilichonse chachitali, chotchedwa vibrissa, chimamangiriridwa kumtunda kwa mkango wam'nyanja. Mcherewo umazungulira kuchokera kumadzi apansi pamadzi, ndikulola mkango wam'madzi "kumva" chakudya chilichonse chosambira chapafupi.
Kodi mkango wam'madzi umakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Mkango wanyanja
Mikango yam'nyanja, zisindikizo, ndi ma walrus zonse zili mgulu lazasayansi lazinyama zotchedwa pinnipeds. Mikango yam'madzi ndi zisindikizo ndizinyama zam'madzi zomwe zimakhala nthawi yayitali munyanja kufunafuna chakudya.
Onse ali ndi zipsepse kumapeto kwa miyendo yawo kuwathandiza kusambira. Monga nyama zonse zam'madzi, zimakhala ndi mafuta ochepa kuti zizizizira m'nyanja yozizira.
Mikango yam'nyanja imakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja zonse ndi zilumba za Pacific. Ngakhale mikango yambiri yam'madzi kuzilumba za Galapagos imakhazikika m'madzi oyandikira Zilumba za Galapagos, pomwe anthu akhazikitsa koloni yokhazikika pagombe la Ecuador.
Kodi mkango umadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Mkango wanyanja kuthengo
Mikango yonse yam'nyanja imadya nyama, nsomba, nyamayi, nkhanu kapena nkhono. Mikango yam'nyanja imatha kudya chisindikizo. Zinyama sizidya mosungidwa, monga, zimbalangondo zofiirira, koma zimadya tsiku lililonse. Mikango yam'nyanja ilibe vuto kupeza chakudya chatsopano.
Zokoma zomwe ndimakonda:
- hering'i;
- pollock;
- capelin;
- nsomba yam'nyanja yamchere;
- gobies;
- fulonda.
Chakudya chambiri chimamezedwa chokwanira. Nyamazo zimaponya nsombazo m'mwamba ndi kuzimeza. Nyama zimadyanso ma bivalve molluscs ndi crustaceans.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nsomba zam'nyanja
Mkango wam'nyanja ndi nyama yakunyanja yomwe nthawi zambiri imadumphira m'madzi posambira. Wosambira mwachangu komanso wosambira mosiyanasiyana, koma ma dive amatha mphindi 9. Nyama siziopa kutalika ndipo zimatha kudumphira m'madzi motsetsereka pamtunda wa 20-30 mita kutalika.
Kukula kwakuya pamadzi ndikumamita 274, koma izi si guwa lansembe. Mikango yam'nyanja imakonda kusonkhana pazinyumba zopangidwa ndi anthu.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Baby Sea Lion
Zimapezeka m'magulu akulu, amuna amatulutsa azimayi azimayi kuyambira 3 mpaka 20. Agalu a Brown amabadwa pambuyo pa miyezi 12 ya bere. Amuna samadya konse panthawi yoswana. Amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuteteza madera awo ndikuonetsetsa kuti zazikazi zawo sizithawa ndi champhongo china. Ngakhale kuti mikango ya m'nyanja imasinthasintha chifukwa cha moyo wa m'madzi, adakali omangirizidwa pansi kuti aswane.
Nthawi zambiri, amuna, otchedwa ng'ombe, amakhala oyamba kusiya madzi kuti agonjetse gawo lawo pa ayezi kapena miyala. Ng'ombe zamphongo zimakonzekera nyengo iliyonse yoswana pogwiritsa ntchito chakudya china kuti apange mafuta ochepa kwambiri. Izi zimamupatsa mwayi wokhala kwamasabata opanda chakudya, chifukwa amateteza gawo lawo ndi akazi. M'nthawi yoswana, ng'ombe zimalira kwambiri komanso mosalekeza kuti ziteteze madera awo. Ng'ombe zimapukusa mitu yawo moopseza kapena kumenya mdani aliyense.
Pali ng'ombe zochulukirapo kangapo kuposa zazikazi zazikulu, zomwe zimatchedwa ng'ombe. Pakati pa nyengo yoswana, ng'ombe yayikulu iliyonse imayesetsa kusonkhanitsa ng'ombe zochuluka momwe zingathere kuti ipange "harem" yake. Ma lion lion, kapena magulu am'banja, amatha kukhala ndi ng'ombe zopitilira 15 ndi ana awo. Ng'ombe yamphongo imayang'anira gulu la akazi ake, kuti itetezeke ku ngozi. Gulu lalikulu lanyama lomwe lasonkhana pamtunda kapena pa ayezi loyenda limatchedwa gulu. Mukamabereka mwana, malowa amadziwika kuti malo odyera.
Kupatula pa khalidweli ndi ng'ombe yamphongo yam'madzi yaku Australia, siyimasweka kapena kupanga gulu la akazi. M'malo mwake, ng'ombe zamphongo zimamenyera mkazi aliyense yemwe alipo. Amuna amamveka mitundu yonse: kukuwa, kulira, malipenga kapena kubangula. Mkango waung'ono, wotchedwa mwana wagalu, umatha kupeza amayi ake kuchokera mazana atasonkhana pagombe lamiyala ndikamvekedwe kake. Patatha masiku ochepa kapena milungu ingapo ng'ombe zija zakhazikika pagombe ndi pamiyala, zazikazi zimabwera kumtunda kuti zizilumikizane nazo.
Mwamuna aliyense amayesera kuyendetsa akazi ochuluka omwe amakhala ndi zisa momwe angathere. Azimayi omwe anatenga chaka chapitacho ndi omaliza kufika, akusonkhana pamtunda kuti abereke mwana wagalu.
Zazimayi zimabereka mwana wagalu pachaka. Ana agalu amabadwa ndi maso otseguka ndipo amadya mkaka wa amayi kuyambira masiku oyamba amoyo. Mkaka uli ndi mafuta ambiri, omwe amathandiza mwana wagalu kuti apange msangamsanga mafuta osanjikiza kuti azitha kutentha. Ana agalu amabadwa ndi tsitsi lalitali, lakuda lotchedwa lanugo, lomwe limawathandiza kukhala ofunda mpaka atakhala ndi mafuta amthupi. Amayi amakhala tcheru kwambiri ndi mwana wawo wagalu m'masiku awiri mpaka awiri oyamba amoyo, akuwapopera ndikuwakoka ndi khosi. Ana agalu amatha kusambira movutikira pobadwa, amatha kuyenda pang'ono.
Adani achilengedwe a mikango yam'nyanja
Chithunzi: Momwe mkango wam'madzi umawonekera
Mikango ya m'nyanja ili ndi adani atatu akuluakulu komanso owopsa. Izi ndi anamgumi akupha, nsombazi ndi anthu. Anthu ndiwowopsa kwambiri kwa iwo, m'madzi ndi pamtunda, kuposa mitundu ina yonse yodya nyama. Ngakhale palibe amene akudziwa bwino kwambiri za momwe mikango imagwirira ntchito ndi anamgumi kapena nyama zakutchire zodya nyama, iwo amadziwiratu zolumikizana ndi anthu.
Akatswiri ambiri ofufuza amakhulupirira kuti mkango wa m'nyanja umatha kusambira mofulumira kwambiri kuposa anangumi ndi nsomba zazikulu kwambiri. Koma mikango nthawi zambiri imagwira adaniwo. Achinyamata kapena odwala sangathe kuyenda mwachangu mokwanira, chifukwa chake ndiosavuta kuwapeza.
Mikango yam'nyanja nthawi zambiri imazindikira nthawi yomwe anamgumi kapena shaki akupha ali pafupi. Chitetezo chawo chachikulu kwa adani ndi kufika pamphepete mwa madzi ndi kumtunda komwe mikango ili kutali ndi nyama zolusa zam'madzi. Nthawi zina nsombazi zimatha kulumpha m'madzi ndikunyamula nyama kumtunda, ngati mkango sunasunthire kwenikweni kuchokera m'mphepete mwa madzi.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Mkango wanyanja
Mitundu isanu yamikango yam'nyanja, pamodzi ndi chidindo cha ubweya ndi zisindikizo zakumpoto zaubweya, zimapanga banja la Otariidae (zisindikizo zamakutu). Zisindikizo zonse ndi mikango yam'nyanja, komanso ma walrus, amagawika ngati mapini.
Pali mitundu isanu ndi umodzi yamikango yam'nyanja:
Mkango wakumpoto panyanja.
Ichi ndi chinyama chachikulu kwambiri. Wamphongo wamkulu nthawi zambiri amakhala wokulirapo kuwirikiza katatu kukula kwa zazikazi ndipo amakhala ndi khosi lakuda, lalubweya lofanana ndi mane wa mkango. Mitundu imachokera ku bulauni wonyezimira mpaka bulauni.
Ili ndiye mkango waukulu kwambiri pazisindikizo zamakutu. Amuna mpaka 3.3 mita kutalika ndi kulemera 1 ton, ndipo akazi pafupifupi 2.5 mita ndipo amalemera ochepera 300 kg. Chifukwa chakukula kwawo kwakukulu komanso mwamakani, samasungidwa kawirikawiri.
Amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Bering komanso mbali zonse ziwiri za North Pacific Ocean.
Malo:
- Gombe laku Central California;
- Pazilumba za Aleutian;
- Pamphepete mwa nyanja kum'mawa kwa Russia;
- Gombe lakumwera kwa South Korea, komanso Japan.
Mkango wanyanja waku California.
Nyama yofiirira imapezeka m'mphepete mwa Japan ndi Korea, kumadzulo kwa North America kuchokera kumwera kwa Canada mpaka pakati pa Mexico komanso kuzilumba za Galapagos. Ndi nyama zanzeru kwambiri zomwe ndizosavuta kuziphunzitsa, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amakhala mu ukapolo.
Mkango wanyanja wa Galapagos.
Ocheperako pang'ono kuposa aku California, amakhala kuzilumba za Galapagos, komanso kufupi ndi gombe la Ecuador.
Mkango wakumwera kapena waku South America.
Mtundu uwu uli ndi chimbudzi chachifupi komanso chokulirapo. Mitundu yakumwera imakhala ndi thupi lakuda ndi mdima wachikasu wakuda. Amapezeka m'mphepete mwa kumadzulo ndi kum'maŵa kwa South America ndi zilumba za Falkland.
Mkango waku Australia.
Amuna akuluakulu amakhala ndi mane wachikaso pathupi lakuda. Chiwerengero cha anthu chimagawidwa m'mphepete mwa kumadzulo ndi kumwera kwa Australia. Zimapezeka pagombe lakumwera kwa Western Australia kupita ku South Australia. Amuna achikulire ndi kutalika kwa mita 2.0-2.5 ndipo amalemera mpaka 300 kg, akazi ndi 1.5 mita ndipo amalemera ochepera 100 kg.
Mkango wanyanja wa Hooker, kapena New Zealand.
Ndi yakuda kapena yakuda kwambiri. Kukula ndikocheperako kuposa Australia. Amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya New Zealand. Mkango wanyanja waku New Zealand uli pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Amuna ndi kutalika kwa mita 2.0-2.5, akazi kutalika kwa mita 1.5-2.0. Kulemera kwake kuli kocheperako poyerekeza ndi mikango yam'nyanja yaku Australia.
Kulondera mikango yam'nyanja
Chithunzi: Sea Lion
Mikango yam'nyanja imasakidwa, ngakhale pang'ono, ndipo amayamikiridwa chifukwa cha nyama, zikopa ndi mafuta. Pamene mphamvu za alenje zinkayamba kupita patsogolo, ziwetozo zinavutika kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, mikango idaphedwa osati chifukwa cha khungu kapena mafuta, koma chifukwa chokomera kapena kuwaletsa kuti asadyedwe ndi nsomba m'madzi. Nyama zitha kuwononga maukonde, ndiye chifukwa chowonongera.
M'madera ena, kusaka mikango yam'nyanja nkoletsedwa kotheratu. M'madera ena, kuwombera nyama kumakhala kochepa komanso kocheperako. Kulinganiza kwachilengedwe kumaphatikizanso muyeso woyenera wa anthu komanso nyama. Umunthu uli ndi udindo wowonetsetsa kuti chilengedwechi sichisokonezedwa. Mkango wanyanja ngakhale zoletsedwa zonse, ndikuwonongedwa mopanda chifundo ndi anthu osaka nyama, zomwe zimapweteketsa kwambiri, kusokoneza chilengedwe komanso kuchepa kwachilengedwe kwa dziko lapansi.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 30.01.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 16.09.2019 pa 22:13
