Nkhandwe Yofiira - Ichi ndi chimodzi mwazomwe zimayimira zochepa za nyama zodya nyama. Lero amadziwika kuti ndi nyama yomwe ili pangozi. Ndi a banja la canine olanda nyama. Kunja, mmbulu wofiira umasiyana ndi nyama yomwe imadya. Imafanana bwino ndi nkhandwe zofiira, zina mwa nkhandwe. Chodabwitsa cha chilombocho chimakhala mumtundu wodabwitsa wa malaya.
Chiyambi cha mitundu ndi kufotokozera
Chithunzi: Red Wolf
Dziko lakwawo la nthumwi ya banja la canine ndi gawo la Central ndi Southeast Asia. Ndi wachibale wa galu wa fisi. Palibe zenizeni, zodalirika zonena za komwe nyama yoyambitsayo idachokera. Komabe, pali lingaliro loti marten adatumikira monga kholo lakale la nkhandwe yofiira. Pambuyo pake, agalu amphanga adachokera kwa iye, omwe adabereka mitundu yatsopano ya nyama zolusa, kuphatikiza mimbulu yofiira.
Maonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Nyama yofiira
Kutalika kwa thupi la oimira nyama za canine ndikopitilira mita. Poyerekeza ndi mimbulu wamba imvi, thupi limakhala lalitali kwambiri. Kulemera kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu ndi makilogalamu 12 mpaka 22. Amuna ndi akulu kwambiri komanso okulirapo kuposa akazi. Mmbulu wofiira uli ndi thupi lotukuka bwino, lamphamvu, komanso lolimba. Mbali ya mitunduyo ndi mtundu wa malayawo. Alibe kutchulidwa kofiira, koma kofiira kofiira ndi utoto wamkuwa. Mtundu umatha kusiyanasiyana pang'ono kutengera zaka, mitundu ndi dera lomwe akukhalamo.
Kanema: Red Wolf
Mpaka pano, magawo 10 a canine awa adadziwika. Akuluakulu, mimbulu yachinyamata imakhala ndi utoto wowala kwambiri msana. Malo am'mimba ndi miyendo amasiyanitsidwa ndi mthunzi wowala wa malaya. Nsonga ya mchira nthawi zonse imakhala yakuda, pafupifupi yakuda. M'nyengo yozizira, chovalacho chimakhala cholimba komanso chokwera. M'nyengo yotentha, imakhala yayifupi kwambiri, yolimba, komanso yolemera komanso yakuda. Mchira wa nyamayo ndi wokongola kwambiri. Kutalika kwake ndi theka la mita. Ndiwamphumphu.
Pakamwa kamakhala ndi mawonekedwe otambalala, owonda, owonetsa, maso ang'ono. Pamwamba pake pamutu, pali makutu akulu, okwera kumtunda. Mosiyana ndi oimira ena odyetsa a canine, mmbulu wofiira uli ndi ma molars ochepa - awiri pansi ndi awiri pamwamba. Chinthu china chosiyanasiyanachi ndi mitundu yambiri yamabele - zisanu ndi chimodzi, zisanu ndi ziwiri. Miyendo ilinso ndi mawonekedwe ena poyerekeza ndi ena oimira nyama zanyama za canine. Zala zapakati zimalumikizana.
Kodi nkhandwe yofiyira imakhala kuti?
Chithunzi: Red Wolf ku Russia
Masiku ano, chilombocho chimakhala makamaka m'malo a mapaki. Mwachilengedwe, sizimachitika. Malo okondedwa a nyama yodya nyama mwachilengedwe ndi mapiri, mapiri okhala ndi masamba ambiri. Amamva bwino m'mapiri okhala ndi mapiri, mapanga ndi mitsinje. Singapezeke m'mapiri ndi m'zipululu zosalala.
Mkati mwa Russian Federation, imapezeka ochepa. Izi makamaka ndi gawo lakum'mawa kwa Siberia, kum'mawa chakum'mawa.
Nyamayo imakhala m'malo osiyanasiyana. Ikhoza kukhala nkhalango zowoneka bwino, mapiri a mapiri okhala ndi malo odyetserako nkhalango, mitengo ya mkungudza, ndi zina zambiri. Mkhalidwe waukulu wa moyo wathunthu wa nkhandwe yofiyira ndi kachingwe kakang'ono ka chivundikiro cha chisanu. Magalasi okulirapo a chipale chofewa, matalala akuya kwambiri amasokoneza moyo wa nyama ndikuikakamiza kufunafuna malo ena. Mimbulu yofiira siyakhazikika kwambiri m'dera limodzi. Amakonda kuyenda maulendo ataliatali kukafunafuna chakudya komanso kukonza madera atsopano.
Malo okhala malo okhala pangozi:
- Central Asia;
- Kumwera kwa Asia;
- Mongolia;
- Tibet;
- China;
- Chilumba cha Sumatra;
- Chilumba cha Java;
- India;
- Indonesia;
- Malo a Siberia ndi Far East ku Russia.
M'gawo la Russian Federation ndizosowa kwambiri komanso zosagwirizana. Komanso mulimodzi ku Vietnam, Kazakhstan. Malinga ndi asayansi, palibe anthu opitilira 2000-3000 omwe amakhala m'malo achilengedwe.
Kodi nkhandwe yofiyira imadya chiyani?
Chithunzi: Mmbulu Wofiira kuchokera ku Red Book
Mmbulu wofiira ndi nyama yolusa. Chakudya ndi nyama ya osatulutsa. Nyama izi zimawerengedwa kuti ndi osaka bwino kwambiri. Amasonkhana m'magulu, akusaka limodzi.
Ndani nyama ya mmbulu wofiira:
- nyama zazing'ono - makoswe, mbewa, abuluzi;
- hares;
- ziphuphu;
- ziphuphu;
- ungulates zazikulu - mbawala zamphongo, nswala, mbuzi zam'mapiri;
- nguluwe zakutchire.
Kuphatikiza pa chakudya cha nyama, nyama zolusa zimatha kudya mitundu ina ya zomera. Olusa amapita kukasaka makamaka masana pagulu. Lingaliro labwino kwambiri la kununkhira limathandizira kudziwa komwe wozunzidwayo anali. Pofunafuna nyama, nyama zolusa nthawi zonse zimayang'anitsitsa mphamvu zawo. Amalumphira m'mwamba, amatenga fungo ndi mphuno zawo ndikusintha mayendedwe a mayendedwe.
Pakusaka, mamembala onse a paketiyo amachita mwachangu, mogwirizana komanso momveka bwino. Sichachilendo kwa iwo kuti amugwire wovulalayo pakhosi. Amayambira kumbuyo.
Anthu onse pagulu amabalalika pamzere ndikuponyera nyama zawo panja. Kenako amamuzungulira pang'onopang'ono, ndikuchepetsa mwayi wake wopulumuka. Nthawi zambiri amatha kuyendetsa wodwalayo m'madzi, ngati pali wina pafupi. Ngati mmbulu umasaka nyama yaying'ono, mwachitsanzo, mbalame kapena makoswe, nyamazo nthawi zambiri sizimangokhala pagulu. Amatha kusaka okha.
Ankhandwe ofiira amadziwika kuti ndi okonda magazi komanso owopsa. Amadya nyama yawo popanda kudikirira kuti imwalire. Luso la kusaka mwaluso komanso kuchita mwachangu komanso mwadongosolo limakupatsani mwayi wosaka ngakhale ambiri osasunthika, mwachitsanzo njati, mphalapala, ndi zina zambiri.
China chomwe banja la canine ndichopirira. Iwo sanapatsidwe luso lothamanga, koma kupirira kwakukulu ndi kuleza mtima zimawathandiza kuthamangitsa nyama mpaka italephera mphamvu. Zowononga zimatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali kukafunafuna chakudya. Amatha kuyenda kuchokera kumalo kupita kumalo, kupita mazana ma kilomita.
Makhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe
Chithunzi: Red Wolf
Njira yamoyo, chikhalidwe ndi zizolowezi zamtunduwu zaphunziridwa pang'ono poyerekeza ndi oimira ena amtunduwu. Zimadziwika bwino kuti mimbulu yofiira si nyama zokhazokha. Amasonkhana m'gulu, kusaka limodzi ndi kulera ana. Mamembala a gulu limodzi ndi mamembala. Kwenikweni, gulu lankhosa ndi akulu 6-12. Nthawi zambiri, gulu limodzi limakhala loposa khumi ndi awiri oimira nyama.
Ndimatha kusaka mdima komanso masana. Anthu onse okhwima mwauzimu a gulu amatenga nawo gawo pakupeza chakudya. Malo ozungulira dera lomwe nyama zosaka nyama zimasaka siliposa ma kilomita 45. Zowononga zimakhala ndi njira zingapo zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito posaka. Amatha kukopa omvera ndi mawu ena, ndipo, kupanga mzere, kuwathamangitsa.
Njira ina ndikugawa maudindo. Ena mwa omwe ali pakatimu amathamangitsa nyama, ena amaimitsa nthawi yomwe amathamangitsidwa. Mimbulu imadya nyama yomwe yagwira limodzi. Akadya, nthawi yomweyo amayang'ana komwe angapezeko madzi kuti athetse ludzu lawo.
Kakhalidwe ndi kubereka
Chithunzi: Red Wolf Cub
Mimbulu yofiira imadziwika chifukwa chokhazikika komanso kukhulupirika ku mabanja awo. Amapanga mabanja, momwe amakhalamo moyo wawo wonse. Mwamuna ndi mkazi amalera ndi kudyetsa ana awo pamodzi. Amatha kupereka ana chaka chonse. Komabe, malinga ndi ziwerengero, ana agalu amabadwa nthawi zambiri nthawi yachisanu, kapena koyambirira kwamasika. Atalowa m'banja, mmbulu wake umabala ana pafupifupi miyezi iwiri.
Asanabadwe, amakonza phanga. Ana agalu amabadwa opanda thandizo, akhungu, kuchuluka kwa 5-8. Maonekedwe awo amafanana kwambiri ndi ana a M'busa waku Germany. Masiku 10-14 atabadwa, makanda amayamba kuwona. Amakula ndikulimba m'malo mwake. Mu miyezi 1.5-2 atabadwa, anawo amayamba kuuwa. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, mmbulu wake umayamba kudyetsa ana ake ndi zotsalira za chakudya cha nyama, zomwe amazibwezeretsa atatha kudya.
Nthawi yakukula kwa nkhosayo, gululo silipita patali ndi khola ngakhale mukasaka. Ana akafika miyezi itatu, amasuntha koyamba kunja kwa phanga. Achichepere amadziwa msanga momwe moyo umakhalira ndikutsata zizolowezi za akulu m'banjamo. Komabe, nkhandwe zazikulu zimawateteza kwanthawi yayitali. Ikakwana miyezi isanu ndi iwiri kapena isanu ndi itatu, nyama zazing'ono zimaloledwa kutenga nawo mbali pakusaka. Pafupifupi chaka chimodzi, mwanayo amafika pokhwima pogonana.
Amuna, pamodzi ndi akazi, amachita nawo kulera ana a nkhandwe. Amadziwika kuti ndi abambo achikondi komanso odera nkhawa. Amateteza ana agalu. Sewerani nawo. Nthawi yayitali ya moyo wa nkhandwe yofiira m'malo achilengedwe ndi zaka 7-10. Mu ukapolo, chiyembekezo cha moyo chikuwonjezeka mpaka zaka 15-17.
Adani achilengedwe a nkhandwe yofiira
Chithunzi: Nyama yofiira
Adani achilengedwe omwe adatsogolera kutha kwa mitunduyi ndi abale achiwombankhanga, oimira ena a banja la canine ndi mimbulu imvi, mphalapala. Anaukira mimbulu yofiira kuti apikisane, kuteteza madera awo ndi ufulu wosaka. Mimbulu yakuda imachulukirachulukira kukula, mphamvu, ndi manambala. Pazinyama, adani a mmbulu wofiyira amawerengedwanso kuti kambuku wachisanu ndi mphaka. Amakonda kupha chilombocho kuti apewe mpikisano.
Mdani wina wowopsa wa nkhandwe yofiyira, yomwe idathandizira kuwonongedwa kwake, ndi munthu ndi ntchito zake. M'mayiko ambiri, anthu anazindikira kuti canine ndi mpikisano ndipo anangomupatsa poizoni. Kusaka nyama kunkachitika pamlingo waukulu. Khungu ndi ubweya wa nyama, komanso nyama, zinali zofunikira kwambiri. Kuwonongedwa kwa malo okhala nyama yodyedwa ndi munthu, kukula kwa malo achilengedwe ochulukirachulukira kudapangitsa kufa kwa nyama. Kuwombera gwero la chakudya - ungulates akukhala m'nkhalango, ndiye chifukwa chakutha kwa mitunduyo.
Matenda monga miliri ndi chiwewe ndi chifukwa china chakupha chilombocho. Matendawa amapita patsogolo mwachangu ndipo amapatsira anthu ena athanzi, ndikupha anthu ambiri.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Chithunzi: Red Wolf ku Russia
Masiku ano, nkhandwe yofiira imadziwika kuti ndi nyama yomwe ili pangozi. M'dera la Russian Federation, zawonongedwa. Unyinji waukulu wa oimira banja la chilombo cha canine wadzaza ku India.
M'dziko lino, amaloledwa ngakhale kusaka nyama ndi kugula laisensi. Zonsezi, magawo khumi a mmbulu wofiira adadziwika. Awiri mwa khumi awonongedwa kwathunthu - East Asia ndi West Asia. Kashmir, Lhasa, Kumaon, Nepal, Bhutan nawonso amapezeka kwambiri.
Mwachilengedwe, palibe anthu opitilira 2.5-3 zikwi omwe amakhala lero. Ambiri mwa iwo adakhazikika ku India ndi Mongolia.
Wifi wolf guard
Chithunzi: Red Red Wolf Book
Pofuna kuteteza mitunduyo, nyamayo idalembedwa mu Red Book of the Russian Federation komanso Red Book of IUCN. Nyama iyi yapatsidwa udindo wokhala ngati nyama yomwe ili pangozi. Kumusaka ndikoletsedwa kwathunthu ndipo kuphwanya lamuloli ndi mlandu. Kupatula kwawo ndi malo osungira nyama ku India, komwe mutha kusaka chilombo chodabwitsa mwa kugula layisensi.
Njira zotetezera nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha:
- kulowa mu IUCN Red List;
- Kuphatikizidwa mu Zowonjezera Na. 2 pamsonkhano wapadziko lonse wama Sites ngati mtundu wosowa, wapadera komanso wowopsa;
- kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo osungira nyama ku India, momwe mkati mwake nkhandwe yofiyira imaweta ndikupanganso;
- kafukufuku ndikuzindikira malo okhala nyama yodya yapadera kuti apange zikhalidwe zotetezera ndikukula kwa zamoyozo. Mitunduyi ikuphatikizapo kuteteza madera, kuletsa chitukuko cha anthu, komanso kuwonjezeka kwa anthu osatulutsidwa m'deralo.
Nkhandwe Yofiira ndi nyama yokongola kwambiri, yodabwitsa. Mwachilengedwe ndi msaki wabwino kwambiri, wokhoza kupanga njira zosiyanasiyana pakupezera chakudya. Tsoka ilo, anthu ambiri sadziwa nkomwe za kukhalapo kwa nyamayi chifukwa chakuti yawonongedwa. Pankhaniyi, mdera lachilengedwe la omwe akuyimira mitunduyo, chidwi chachikulu chimaperekedwa kuti tigwire ntchito ndi anthu ndikufotokozera zakufunika koteteza ndi kusunga mtundu uwu.
Tsiku lofalitsa: 27.01.2019
Tsiku losinthidwa: 17.09.2019 pa 9:11
