Mitundu yoposa 300 - uwu ndi mndandanda womwe umaphatikizapo mbalame zonse za Krasnodar Territory, ndipo wachisanu mwa iwo akuphatikizidwa mu Red Book.
Makhalidwe a zinyama ndi nyengo
Gawo la Krasnodar, lomwe limayambira kumwera chakumadzulo kwa North Caucasus, nthawi zambiri limatchedwa Kuban, pambuyo pa mtsinje waukulu wokhala ndi mitsinje yambiri yakumanzere. Mtsinjewo umagawaniza dera lonselo, lomwe limakhala ndi 75.5 zikwi km thousand, magawo awiri - kumwera (phiri / phiri) ndi kumpoto (chigwa).
Nyanja ya Abrau, yayikulu kwambiri ku North Caucasus, nyanja zazing'ono za karst, komanso nyanja zam'madzi zomwe zimapezeka kunyanja ya Azov ndi Taman Peninsula zimawonjezeredwa m'mitsinje yaying'ono yambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, Nyanja ya Azov imawaza kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa dera, ndi Black Sea kumwera chakumadzulo. Pali mapiri ophulika matope opitilira 30 omwe sanatenthedwe pachilumbachi.
Kutonthozedwa kwa Taman Peninsula kumawerengedwa kuti ndi kovuta chifukwa cha kusinthana kwa madera agombe ndi kumadzulo kwa Greater Caucasus, matope a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, magombe amtsinje ndi nyanja za delta. Mwambiri, zigwa zimatenga pafupifupi 2/3 zachigawochi.
Nyengo pano imakhala yotentha kwambiri, ndipo imasanduka Mediterranean youma pang'ono pagombe kuchokera ku Anapa kupita ku Tuapse, komanso kumadera otentha kwambiri - kumwera kwa Tuapse.
Malo okwezeka kwambiri okhudza nyengo amadziwika m'mapiri. Nyengo imasintha kwambiri chaka chonse: kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kumakhala kofanana, kuphatikiza kosatha, nyengo ndi mwezi. Dera la Krasnodar limadziwika ndi nyengo yozizira komanso yotentha, yomwe imakopa nyama zambiri zokonda kutentha, kuphatikiza mbalame.
Mbalame zamtchire
Nkhalango zimakhudza mahekitala pafupifupi 1.5 miliyoni, omwe ndi ofanana ndi 22.4% amderali. Mitengo yolimba (thundu ndi beech) imakhala mu Kuban - yoposa 85%, pomwe ma conifers amakhala ochepera 5%. Mbalame zam'nkhalango zimakhala m'nkhalango zazitali komanso zamapiri okhala ndi mapiri okhala ndi spruce ndi fir.
Anthu akuda aku Caucasus
Mbalame yamapiri yomwe imakhala mdera lamapiri la Caucasus (mpaka 2.2 km pamwamba pa nyanja) ndipo imakonda chisa m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, mu tchire lolimba kwambiri. Caucasus grouse wakuda ndi wocheperako kuposa grouse wamba: amuna amakhala ndi mdima wakuda, pafupifupi nthenga zakuda zokhala ndi malire oyera pansi pamapiko ndi nthenga za mchira zopindika kumapeto. Akazi ndi owala kuposa amuna, owoneka bwino komanso owala kwambiri.
Mitundu yoteteza imathandizira kubisala kwa adani - grouse yakuda imawuluka monyinyirika, ndikosavuta kuti iye ayembekezere, kubisala pakati pa tchire.
Zakudyazo zimayang'aniridwa ndi zomera:
- singano;
- zipatso za mlombwa;
- mabulosi abulu;
- zonona;
- mabulosi;
- mbewu zosiyanasiyana.
Masingano amakhala chakudya chachikulu m'nyengo yachisanu pamene zomera zina kulibe. Tizilombo timasakidwa ndi mbalame nthawi yachilimwe kuti tidyetse anapiye awo.
Mphungu yagolide
Mbalame yonyada yochokera kubanja la nkhamba, yomwe imasankha nkhalango zowirira ndi miyala ikuluikulu, komwe kumakhala kovuta kuti nyama zolusa zifike. Ziwombankhanga zagolide ndizokhala komanso zimakhala pansi, zimatsatira masamba awo, pomwe zimamanga zisa ndikusaka.
Mphungu yagolide ili ndi nthenga zakuda, zofiirira, koma nthenga zagolide zimawonekera kumbuyo kwa mutu. Achichepere amakhala ndi nthenga zoyera pansi pamchira ndi pansi pa mapiko (utoto umakhala wakuda akamakula). Zowongolera zazikuluzikulu ndizoyenera kuyendetsa / kuyendetsa ndikufikira 2m munthawi yayitali.
Menyu ya ziwombankhanga zagolide sizimangokhala ndi masewera atsopano (makoswe ang'onoang'ono, abakha ndi nkhuku), komanso nyama zakufa.
Chiwombankhanga chachingerezi chimadziwika kuti ndi nyama yayikulu kwambiri yomwe ilibe mdani kuthengo. Nyama zina zodya nyama sizisaka mbalame zazikulu, ndipo zisa za ziwombankhanga zagolidi zimabisidwa pamwamba komanso mosatekeseka.
Mphungu yamphongo
Ili ndi mutu wosatchulidwa wa chiwombankhanga chaching'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi, chokula pang'ono kuposa mphamba ndi kulemera kwa 1-1.3 kg, ndipo amunawo ndi akuluakulu kuposa akazi. Zisa zake zimakhala m'nkhalango zowirira komanso m'nkhalango zowirira, pomwe, chifukwa chakuwunjikana kwake, imayenda mosavuta pakati pa nthambi. Kutengera mtundu wa nthenga (wowala kapena wakuda), wagawika mitundu iwiri.
Chiwombankhanga chokhala ndi miyendo yolimba chimakhala ndi miyendo yolimba, yokwera nthenga yokhala ndi zikhadabo zopindika komanso mlomo wolimba, mothandizidwa ndi masewerawo. Chakudya cha adaniwo chimaphatikizapo nyama, mbalame ndi zokwawa:
- hares ndi gophers;
- makoswe ang'onoang'ono;
- lark ndi nyenyezi;
- mbalame zakuda ndi mpheta;
- kamba ndi njerwa;
- anapiye ndi mazira a mbalame;
- abuluzi ndi njoka;
- tizilombo, monga chiswe (kwa nyengo yozizira).
Kulowera njoka yapoizoni, chiwombankhanga chimachipha ndi kumenyetsa pamutu pake ndi mlomo wake, koma nthawi zina chimafa chokha chifukwa cha kuluma kapena kusawona.
Mbalame za steppe
Phiri la Krasnodar Territory limafikira kumapiri a Greater Caucasus ndi Nyanja Yakuda, yomwe ili kumwera kwa Anapa. Mbalame zambiri zamalo otseguka zimaphatikizidwa mu Red Book of the Kuban.
Wopanda
Yemwe akuyimira banja la bustard amakhala mosavuta kumayiko osalankhula, mapiri ndi zipululu, osavutika kwambiri ndi chinyezi panthawi yachilala. Bustard wamng'onoyo ndi wamkulu ngati nkhuku wamba, koma ndi wowoneka bwino kwambiri, makamaka zikafika kwa yamphongo nthawi yoswana - mapiko amtundu wofiirira (pamwamba), chifuwa chofiyira / pansi ndi khosi lolumikizidwa lokongoletsedwa ndi "mikanda" yakuda ndi yoyera.
M'dera la Nyanja Yakuda ma bustard amawoneka pakatikati pa Epulo ndikupanga awiriawiri, akuikira mazira 3-4, pomwe anapiye amaswa patatha milungu itatu.
Zosangalatsa. Galu wamkulu wachikazi nthawi zambiri amafera pansi pama mawilo a mathirakitala ndipo amaphatikiza, chifukwa amakhala modzipereka pa clutch, kuteteza ana.
Zomwe amakonda zakudya zazing'ono zimangokhala tizilombo ndi zomera (mphukira, mbewu ndi mizu). Kutuluka kwa mbalame m'nyengo yozizira kumayamba kumapeto kwa Seputembala, kutha pakati pa Novembala.
Njoka
Amadziwikanso kuti chiwombankhanga cha njoka. Amasamalira anthu ochenjera kwambiri, amantha komanso osakhulupirira. Kum'mwera, imakhazikika m'nkhalango komanso m'malo ouma opanda mitengo, pomwe pali mitengo yakeyake yoyenera kuwikirako zisa. Kukula kwa omwe amadya njoka sikuposa 0.7 m wokhala ndi mapiko a 1.6-1.9 mita. Amuna ndi akazi amitundu imodzimodzi, koma zoyambayo nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazing'ono kuposa zotsalazo.
Dzinalo la mtunduwo limafotokoza za nyama yomwe amawakonda, koma pamodzi ndi njoka, chombocho chimasaka zokwawa zina ndi zamoyo zina, komanso nyama zazing'ono ndi mbalame zakuthengo.
Sizovuta kuti njoka idyetse ana. Mwana wankhuku yemweyo amakoka njoka yomwe yatsala pang'ono kumezedwa ndi kholo ndi mchira kukhosi kwake. Kutalika kwa njirayi kumadalira kutalika kwa njokayo. Nyama ikatambasulidwa, kumeza kumayamba (kuyambira pamutu), zomwe zimatenga theka la ola kapena kupitilira apo.
Steppe kestrel
Wamng'ono, wamkulu ngati nkhunda wolanda banja la nkhandwe. Ikuwoneka ngati kestrel wamba, koma ndiyotsika poyerekeza ndi kukula kwake, imasiyana pamapangidwe a mapiko, mawonekedwe a mchira ndi tsatanetsatane wa maula.
M'madera opangira zisa, steppe kestrel ndiwopanda phokoso: khalidweli limakula nthawi zambiri nthawi yakumasirana ndipo anapiyewo atachoka. Menyu ya mbalame imaphatikizaponso nyama zosiyanasiyana (zomwe zimakonda kukhala ndi tizilombo ta orthoptera):
- dzombe ndi agulugufe;
- ziwala ndi njenjete;
- zimbalangondo ndi kafadala;
- centipedes ndi zinkhanira;
- makoswe ang'onoang'ono (mu kasupe);
- zokwawa zazing'ono;
- chiswe, nyongolotsi zaku Africa (nyengo yachisanu).
Nthawi zambiri imasaka mapaketi, kuwuluka kutsika. Amagwira dzombe ndi ziwala, zothamanga pansi. Nthawi zina kukhuta kumasandulika kususuka, pomwe kuchuluka kwamameza kumalepheretsa kuchoka msanga.
Mbalame zam'mbali
Gulu ili la mbalame lidakhazikika m'mbali mwa Kuban ndi mitsinje yake yakumanzere (Laba, Urup, Belaya ndi ena), pagombe la Krasnodar, komanso ku Black Sea ndi m'mphepete mwa Azov (ndi mitsinje yawo yaying'ono). Mitundu ina yakhala m'mbali mwa nyanja m'mphepete mwa nyanja, karst nyanja ndi pafupifupi. Abrau.
Spoonbill
Mbalame yosamuka ya banja la ibis, pang'ono ngati mphalapala, koma yokoma mtima kwambiri. Chodziwikiratu ndi mulomo wopingasa, wotambasuka mpaka kumapeto. Spoonbill imakutidwa ndi nthenga zoyera, kumbuyo komwe miyendo yakuda yakuda ndi mlomo wakuda zimawonekera. Pofika nthawi yokwatirana, mbalame zimakhala ndi mphonje: mwa akazi ndi ofupikitsa kuposa amuna.
Spoonbill imadya ma annelids, mbozi za tizilombo, crustaceans, achule, nsomba mwachangu, nthawi zina zimasinthira kuzomera zam'madzi. Amasankha zitsamba zamabango pafupi ndi nyanja kuti azikhalamo, nthawi zambiri samakhala minda ya msondodzi. Zimakhala m'matumba, nthawi zambiri pafupi ndi mitundu ina, mwachitsanzo, ibis kapena heron.
Mkate
Ndi a banja la ibis. Amakonda kusambira pafupi ndi malo okhala mwatsopano komanso amchere pang'ono, mitsinje ndi madambo, komanso m'madzi osaya komanso malo osefukira. Mkatewo umakhala m'magulu akuluakulu okhala ndi mbalame monga nkhanu, zikho ndi zitsamba. Amagona m'mitengo usiku wonse.
Ndi kambalame kakulidwe kakang'ono kokhala ndi nthenga zowoneka bwino zofiirira, zochotsedwa ndi ubweya wobiriwira / wofiirira kumchira ndi mapiko. Amuna ndi akulu kuposa akazi ndipo amavala korona wowoneka bwino.
Mkatewo ukufuna nyama zam'madzi zopanda magazi (leeches, tizilombo ndi nyongolotsi), nthawi ndi nthawi kudya nsomba zazing'ono ndi amphibiya. Zisa za mbuzi zimawonongedwa ndi zotchinga zam'madzi ndi akhwangwala otsekedwa, ndodo zambiri zimawonongedwa ndi kusefukira kwa madzi, mphepo yamphamvu komanso pomwe bango / bango zimawotchedwa.
Osprey
Ndi gawo limodzi laling'ono ngati la hawk ndipo limapezeka m'ma hemispheres awiri a Dziko Lapansi. Amadyetsa nsomba (99% yazakudya), ndichifukwa chake amakhala pafupi ndi malo osungira, madambo, mitsinje ndi nyanja. Amakhazikika m'malo ovuta kufikako odyetsa nthaka - pazilumba zazing'ono, pamwamba pamadzi, pamitengo youma, ma buoys - kulikonse komwe zingapangidwe chisa chachikulu mpaka 1 mita m'mimba mwake ndi 0.7 m kutalika.
Osprey amatha kusodza mkondo. Ili ndi nthawi yayitali (motsutsana ndi mbalame zina zodya nyama), yomwe ili ndi zikhola zosakhazikika komanso zikhotakhota. Chala chakunja chimatembenuzidwira kumbuyo kuti chithandizire kutchera nsomba poterera, ndipo mavavu amphuno amalepheretsa madzi kulowa m'madzi.
Mbalame zam'madzi
Malo okhala mbalamezi amagwirizana ndi malo okhala mbalame za m'mphepete mwa nyanja - iyi yonse ndi mitsinje, nyanja, nyanja ndi madamu a Krasnodar Territory. Madzi okhawo kwa iwo ndi chinthu chofunikira komanso choyandikira.
Chegrava, PA
Mbalame yayikulu yochokera kubanja lakuthwa mpaka 0.6 m m'litali yolemera mpaka 700 g ndi mapiko otalika mpaka mamita 1.4. Zosiyanitsa ndi mulomo wofiyira wolimba, nthenga zoyera, miyendo yakuda kwambiri ndi mchira wa mphanda pang'ono. Amuna ndi akazi amitundu imodzimodzi. Nthawi yoswana, beret wakuda amakongoletsa mutu.
Zoona. Kuikira mazira kamodzi pachaka. Zowalamulira (mazira 2-3) aswedwa ndi makolo onse mosiyanasiyana.
Ma gegrav amapanga madera pazilumba ndi m'mphepete mwa nyanja zamchenga, ndipo akamauluka amapeputsa mapiko awo pang'onopang'ono (osati ngati ma tern ena). Chakudya chabwino kwambiri ndi nsomba, koma nthawi zina goggle amadya tizilombo, makoswe ang'onoang'ono, anapiye / mazira a mbalame zina.
Chomga
Iye ndi chopondera chachikulu. Mbalameyi ndi kukula kwa bakha, ndi khosi lokongola ndi mlomo wowongoka, wojambulidwa mu mitundu itatu - yoyera, yofiira ndi yakuda. Chovala chaukwati cha Greyhound chikuwonjezeredwa ndi "mkanda" wofiira komanso zikopa zamtundu wakuda pamutu.
Great Crested Grebe amamanga zisa zoyandama (kuchokera ku mabango ndi ma cattails) mpaka 0,6 m m'mimba mwake ndi 0.8 m kutalika, komwe akazi amaikira mazira 3-4. Kusiya chisa, Greyhound saiwala kuphimba zowalamulira ndi zomera zam'madzi, kuziteteza ku dzuwa ndi alendo owopsa.
Amayi amanyamula anapiye kumbuyo kwa masabata awiri, nthawi zina amapita nawo kumadzi. Grebe wamkulu amatera ndikusambira mwangwiro, kupeza chakudya chachikulu - nkhono ndi nsomba. Imawuluka bwino komanso mwachangu, komabe, pokhapokha pakafunika kutero.
Mbalame za Red Book
Bukhu Loyamba la Red Data la Krasnodar Territory lidasindikizidwa mu 1994, koma adalandilidwa patangopita zaka 7. Kope laposachedwa la Red Data Book likuwunika momwe ziweto za RF zilili, zoopseza (zenizeni ndi zonenedweratu) mosiyanasiyana, makamaka mitundu yomwe ikukhala ku Kuban.
Zofunika. Tsopano mu Red Book la Krasnodar Territory pali mitundu yoposa 450 ya zomera / zinyama zakomweko, kuphatikiza mitundu 56 ya mbalame zosowa komanso zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha.
Mndandanda wa zotetezedwa umakhala ndi mphalapala lakuda lakuda, kanyama kokhotakhota, kanyama kena, kanyama kakang'ono, kapusi, mbalame zonyezimira, adokowe oyera ndi akuda, tsekwe zofiira, red bakha, steppe harrier, mphungu yamphongo, bakha wamaso oyera, chiwombankhanga, osprey, mphungu yoyera chiwombankhanga chowoneka, chiwombankhanga, chiwombankhanga chagolide, chiwombankhanga chakuda, chiwombankhanga, chiwombankhanga, ndevu ya peregrine, chiwombankhanga, chipale chofewa cha ku Caucasus, grey crane, grouse wakuda wa ku Caucasus, grouse wa ku Siberia, belladonna, bustard, avdotka, bustard yaying'ono, plover, , dambo ndi steppe tirkushki, nkhono yakuda, mutu wakuda, gull, gull-billed ndi tern yaying'ono, kadzidzi wa chiwombankhanga, khungwa lamtengo wapatali ndi khungwa lamanyanga, shrike imvi, mutu wofiira wofiirira, wokwera pamakoma, mphodza yayikulu, kuseka kopyapyala, chakudya cham'miyendo yaying'ono yamiyendo yakuda.
