Kufotokozera ndi mawonekedwe
Quokka kapena Settonix ndi mphodza yamphesa ya banja la kangaroo. Ngakhale amafanana ndi kangaroo, ma quokka kunja amafanana kwambiri ndi otters chifukwa cha mchira wawo wawufupi, wowongoka. Mosiyana ndi mamembala ena a banja la kangaroo (kangaroo, wallaby, philander, wallaru, makoswe a kangaroo), quokka sichitha kudalira kapena kuteteza kumchira wake waufupi.
Kukula kwa chinyama ndi chaching'ono: thupi ndi mutu ndizotalika 47-50 cm, kulemera kwake kuchokera pa 2 mpaka 5 kg, mchira wawufupi mpaka masentimita 35. Ziweto zimabadwa zamaliseche, koma kenako zimakutidwa ndi ubweya wakuda wofiirira. Makutu ozungulira, otalikirana amayenda kuchokera muubweya, kupatsa nyama mawonekedwe owoneka bwino. Maso ang'onoang'ono ali pafupi ndi mlatho wa mphuno.
Miyendo yakutsogolo ndi yaifupi komanso yofooka, kapangidwe ka dzanja ndikofanana ndi kamunthu, chifukwa chake nyama imagwira chakudya ndi zala zake. Miyendo yakumbuyo yamphamvu imalola quokka kuthamangira mpaka 50 km / h, ndipo ma tendon Achilles otanuka amagwira ntchito ngati akasupe. Nyama imakwera m'mwamba, ndikudumphira kutalika kwake kangapo.
Imayenda mwachisangalalo, ikutsamira miyendo yofupikitsa yakutsogolo ndipo nthawi yomweyo kuyika miyendo yonse yakumbuyo. Mbali yapadera ya quokka, yomwe idapangitsa nyama kutchuka padziko lonse lapansi, ndikumwetulira. M'malo mwake, uku sikumwetulira, koma kupumula kwa minofu ya nkhope mutatha kudya.
Settonix ndi yowala. Ngakhale mano 32, ilibe mano, kotero ndikofunikira kuluma masamba ndi zimayambira chifukwa champhamvu ya minofu. Pambuyo pofunafuna zomerazo, minofu imapuma, ndikumwetulira kowala kwambiri padziko lapansi kumawonekera pankhope ya nyama. Amamupangitsa kukhala wokoma modabwitsa komanso wolandilidwa.
Quokka, nyama yosowa kwambiri ku Australia
Mitundu
Quokka nyama wapadera: ndiye yekhayo m'banja la kangaroo, mtundu wa Setonix. Wachibale wapafupi kwambiri ndi wallaby kapena kamaro kangaroo, kamene kamakhala pakati pa zowetchera ndi zosakhala zoweta. Chilumba cha Rottnest, chomwe chili pamtunda wa makilomita 18 kuchokera kugombe lakumadzulo kwa Australia, chimadziwika ndi dzina loti Quokkas.
Oyendetsa sitima aku Dutch omwe adafika pachilumbachi mzaka za zana la 18 adawona unyinji wa nyama zosaoneka pamenepo, zofananira ndi kapangidwe ka thupi ndi mchira wa makoswe wamba. Chifukwa chake dzina la chilumbachi lidakonzedwa - Rottnest, lomwe mu Dutch limatanthauza "chisa cha khoswe".
ZOKHUDZAm'bale wamoyo ndi malo okhala
Kwokka nyama chinyama chilibe chitetezo. Ilibe mchira wamphamvu, womwe ungamenyedwe, kapena mano okhwima, kapena zikhadabo. Habitat - nkhalango zobiriwira nthawi zonse za eucalyptus kumwera chakumadzulo kwa Australia ndi zisumbu kumadzulo kwa kontrakitala. Chinyama sichimalekerera kutentha bwino, masana chimayang'ana malo amdima pomwe mungagone ndikugona pang'ono.
M'nyengo youma, imadumphira m'madambo, momwe mumamera zobiriwira zobiriwira. Ma Quokkas amakhala m'mabanja, motsogozedwa ndi amuna akulu. Amayang'anira malo obisalapo nkhosa kubisalira dzuwa. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kupulumuka kuposa kukhala ndi chakudya, chifukwa kusowa kwa madzi m'thupi kumatha kupha.
Quokkas ndi ochezeka komanso osachita nkhanza. Nyama zina zimadutsa m'malo awo kukamwetsa madzi kapena kufunafuna msipu, eni ake sangakonze mkangano. Tsoka ilo, kukula kwa mizinda, nkhandwe ndi agalu omwe amaperekedwa ku Australia, ngalande zamadambo zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa malo a Settonix.
Sadziwa momwe angadzitetezere, ndipo popanda udzu wamtali sangathe kuyenda pofunafuna chakudya. Nyama imamva kukhala omasuka komanso omasuka pazilumba zopanda anthu, mwachitsanzo, Rottnest kapena Balda. Chilumba cha Rottnest chili ndi anthu pakati pa 8,000 ndi 12,000. Chifukwa chakusowa kwa nkhalango, palibe zolusa zomwe zimawopseza moyo wa quokka, kupatula njoka.
Dera lonse la Rottnest laperekedwa kumalo osungira zachilengedwe, osamalidwa ndi antchito 600-1000. Ku Continental Australia, anthu osapitilira 4,000 amakhala, ogawidwa m'mabanja azinyama 50. Zilumba zina zimakhala ndi nyama 700-800. Chikhalidwe ndi moyo wotsimikiza chikhalidwe cha quokka... Nyama zimadalira kwambiri, siziopa anthu, m'malo osungira zimalumikizana ndi kulumikizana.
Quokka si nyama yankhanza, chifukwa chake zimamuvuta kuti ayimire yekha
Alibe ma incisors ndi ma canine akuthwa, sangathe kuvulaza munthu, ngakhale amatha kuluma. Zikakhala zoopsa, nyamayo imagogoda pansi ndi mawoko ake akutsogolo, omwe amawoneka oseketsa komanso okongola kuchokera mbali. Nyama nthawi zambiri zimakodwa ndi nkhandwe, agalu ndi zilombo zina. Pofuna kuteteza kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi, ma quokkas adalembedwa mu Red Book of Australia.
Pofuna kumuvulaza, alandila chindapusa chachikulu komanso ngakhale kumangidwa. Achichepere awiri Achifalansa anayenera kulipira chindapusa cha $ 4,000 aliyense kaamba ka kuwopseza quokka mwa kulondolera utsi kuchokera m’chitini cha aerosol pa chowunikira chowala. Iwo adazijambula ndi kuziyika pa intaneti.
A French anaweruzidwa ndi milandu ku khothi la Australia, poyamba adalangizidwa $ 50,000 ndi zaka 5 m'ndende. Koma bwaloli lidaganiziranso za kulapa komanso kuti nyamayo sinavulazidwe.
Zakudya zabwino
Quokka amakhala m'nkhalango zolimba (sclerophilous). Zakudyazo zimaphatikizira mphukira zazing'ono za bulugamu, masamba a araucaria Budvilla, mizu ndi masamba a epiphyte, pandanasi, masamba a mtengo wawung'ono, mphukira za mtengo wa Curry, mbewu, zitsamba. Amakhala ndi ulusi wolimba, motero kutafuna kumatenga nthawi yayitali.
Quokka amapera chakudya chifukwa chakumangika kwa minofu ya nkhope, pomwe nyamayo imakhwimitsa mokongola. Kuwona momwe amadyera ndichikondi chimodzi. Chakudyacho chimamezedwa nthawi yomweyo, kenako nkuphulika mu mawonekedwe osakanikirana ndikutsata ngati chingamu. Chakudyacho chimatha ndikumwetulira kowoneka bwino komwe kumawonekera chifukwa chakusangalala kwa minofu ya nkhope.
Quokka pachithunzichi - nyama yodula kwambiri padziko lapansi. Nyama imapeza chakudya usiku, ikuyenda mu udzu wamtali. Gwero lalikulu la chakudya ndi zomera zapadziko lapansi, koma nthawi zina quokka imathyola timitengo tating'onoting'ono, ndikukwera mpaka kutalika kwa 1.5 mita.
Mabakiteriya omwe amapezeka m'mimba mwa Settonix ndi ofanana ndi mabakiteriya omwe ali m'mimba mwa nkhosa. M'nyengo yadzuwa, nyama zimasaka malo obiriwira obiriwira kupita kumadera ena. Amafunikiranso madzi akumwa nthawi zonse.
Kukachitika chilala, kwakanthawi kaye ma quokkas amatulutsa madzi kuchokera kuzakudya zomwe zimatha kudzikundikira madzi ndikukhala ndi zamkati zamadzi. Mosiyana ndi abale apafupi kwambiri a wallaby, Settonix ali bwino polekerera kutentha ndikukhala ndi thanzi labwino kutentha kwa mpweya mpaka 440KUCHOKERA.
Chakudya chokoma kwambiri cha Quokka ndi masamba a mitengo
Kubereka ndi kutalika kwa moyo
Quokkas, ngakhale amakhala m'mabanja, amakhala moyo wosakhazikika. Amuna ndi akazi amalankhulana nthawi yokhwima yokha, pamene akazi akutentha. Nthawi yotsala amakhala paokha. Banja limayang'aniridwa ndi mwamuna wamwamuna wapamwamba, yemwe amateteza malo okhala amthunzi kuti asawonongedwe ndi alendo.
Ndiye bambo wa ana ambiri abanja, amuna ena onse amakhala okhutira ndi zochepa. Palibe nkhondo zolimbana pakati pa amuna, koma akangobwera chifukwa cha ukalamba kapena thanzi lamwamuna wamkulu sataya kuyang'anira gulu lankhosa, amatenga njira ya quokka yolimba. Chilichonse chimachitika modekha komanso mwamtendere, popanda chimphepo chamkuntho.
Settonix ndi m'kalasi la nyama zoyamwitsa, marsupials, chifukwa chake mwana amabadwa mosatukuka ndipo "amakula" m'thumba pamimba pamayi. Kumtchire, estrus yake imatha kuyambira Ogasiti mpaka Januware. Kuyambira pomwe estrus adayamba, mkazi amakhala ndi mwayi wokhala ndi pakati pasanathe masiku 28.
Pambuyo pokwatirana, patatha masiku 26-28, mwana wamwamuna wolemera magalamu 25 amabadwa, omwe malinga ndi kukula kwake amakhala ngati mwana wosabadwa. Potsatira chibadwa, amamatira ku ubweya wa amayi ake ndi mawoko ake ndikukwawa muthumba, momwe "umakhwima" kwa miyezi 5 yotsatira mpaka kulemera kwa magalamu 450. Pali mkaka wathanzi kwa iye, ndipo mwanayo amapeza zonse zomwe amafunikira.
Kwokka, monga kangaroo, amavala ana ake m'thumba
Chilengedwe chimasamalira kuteteza zamoyozi m'njira yoti zikafa kapena kuchotsedwa m'thumba la mwana, mluza wachiwiri umatuluka patatha mwezi umodzi. Kuphatikiza apo, mkazi sayenera kukwatirana ndi yamphongo: kamwana kameneka komwe sikukukula bwino kali mthupi la mayi ngati njira "yosungira".
Ngati mluza woyamba walowa bwino mchikwamacho, chachiwiri chimayamba kukula. "Amadikira" kuti mwana woyamba akhale wodziyimira payekha ndikusiya thumba la amayi, ndipo atatha masiku 24-27 amapitanso komweko. Kuphatikiza apo, mwana woyamba amapitilizabe kudya mkaka wa mkazi kwa miyezi 3-4.
Pakakhala kusowa kwa chakudya kapena zoopsa zina, mkazi amabereka mwana m'modzi yekha, ndipo kamwana kameneka kanayamba kuleka ndikudziwononga. Ma Quokkas amakhala ndi moyo zaka 7-10, chifukwa chake amakula msanga msanga. Azimayi amayamba kukwatirana tsiku la 252 la moyo, amuna tsiku 389.
Kusamalira kunyumba ndi kukonza
Quokka ndi yokongola kwambiri kotero kuti imapereka chithunzi cha nyama yokongola komanso yodekha yomwe mukufuna kuwona kunyumba, kusewera nayo ndikuiphulitsa. Koma ichi ndi nyama yakutchire, yosasinthidwa kuti ikhale ndi moyo ndi anthu.
Ndizotheka kuti mutha kusintha momwe zinthu zilili, koma kuti musinthe quokka kunyumba kwa moyo wa munthu ndizosatheka. Zina mwazovuta zomwe zimachitika pakusintha Settonix kuti izikhala kunyumba ndi izi:
1. Nyamayo imangokhala m'malo otentha kapena otentha. Ndi thermophilic ngakhale amakonda ma blackout. Nthawi yomweyo, quokka sangakhale m'nyumba, amafunikira malo obiriwira, udzu wamtali ndi mphukira zatsopano zobiriwira. Nyama imakonda kupanga makonde obiriwira kuchokera ku udzu wamtali, imamanga nyumba zomwe zimabisala ndi cheza cha dzuwa.
M'deralo mwachilengedwe, nyamayo imakumana ndi zovuta ndipo imadwala. M'munda, mutha kuyambiranso zikhalidwe za savanna mothandizidwa ndi zitsamba ndi mitengo yotsika, koma izi zimafunikira malo akulu ndikulima kwamaluso nthawi zonse;
2. Quokka yatchulidwa mu Red Book, chifukwa chake, kutumiza kunja kuchokera ku Australia ndikoletsedwa. Mutha kugula nyama mosaloledwa, koma m'malo otentha, nthawi yokhala ndi moyo ichepetsedwa kawiri. Kupereka ndalama zambiri kwa chiweto pachokha ndi chisamaliro chake ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu.
Nyamayo imatha kukhala ndi moyo wazaka zoposa 7, ndipo ili m'malo osungira zachilengedwe pomwe malo ake achilengedwe amasungidwa. Settonix amakhala kumalo osungira nyama kwa zaka 5-6. Kunyumba, ngakhale abwino kwambiri, chiyembekezo cha moyo chimachepetsedwa kukhala zaka 2-4;
3. Quokka siyigwirizana ndi amphaka ndi agalu. Kuyankhulana pakati pa nyama kumatha ndi zoopsa komanso kupsinjika kwanthawi zonse kwa nzika zaku Australia. Agalu amakwiya ndi nyama zosowa, amphaka sakonda malo awa;
4. Settonix ndiusiku. Masana amagona, ndipo munthuyo amafuna kusewera ndi cholembachi. Kuphwanya tulo ndi kudzuka kumadzala ndi kuchepa kwa chitetezo chokwanira. Kuyenda usiku kuzungulira nyumbayi kulinso anthu ochepa omwe angafune. Monga nyama zina zakutchire, ma ferrets, ma raccoon, ma chinchillas, okhala ndi quokka mnyumba yamzinda kapena nyumba yabwinobwino, mavuto amabuka.
Poyendetsedwa ndi chibadwa chachilengedwe, nyamazo zimakhoma m'misasa kuchokera pafupi - manyuzipepala, mipando, zovala, nsapato. Kumusiya yekha kwa maola angapo, mwiniwake akhoza kudabwa ndi "kukonzanso" kwa nyumbayo mpaka kukoma kwa quokka;
5. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nyamazi zimakhala m'mabanja. Ndipo kuti chachikazi chimafunikira chachimuna, ndipo chachimuna chimafuna chachikazi, kamodzi pachaka. Ngati izi sizingachitike, quokka imasokonezeka ndimatenda. Kulinganiza kwachilengedwe kumasokonezeka, komwe kumadzala ndi matenda komanso kufa kwa nyama yosauka;
6. Musaiwale kuti iyi ndi kangaroo yomwe imayenda mwanjira yapadera kwambiri. Ayenera kulumpha, ndipo izi zimafuna malo. Zimakhala zovuta kudumpha m'nyumba;
7. Mimba ya Quokka ili ndi mitundu 15 ya mabakiteriya omwe amachititsa kuti chimbudzi chigwere. Ndipo palibe chimodzi mwazomwe sizimasinthidwa kukhala chimbudzi cha chakudya chomwe munthu amadya. Ngakhale keke yodyedwa mwangozi imayambitsa kutsegula m'mimba ndi kutaya madzi m'thupi;
8. Settonix ili ndi kufunika kosungira madzi moyenera. Ngakhale kuti nyama imamwa pang'ono, chakudya chomera ndiye gwero lalikulu la madzi m'thupi. Nyama zimagwiritsa ntchito zomera zomwe zimamera mdera lomwe mvula imagwa pafupifupi 600 mm pachaka. Anthu ambiri amafuna kuwona tsiku lililonse momwe angachitire quokka akumwetulira, koma tiyenera kukumbukira kuti tili ndi udindo kwa iwo omwe tidawalamulira.
Mtengo
Ku Russia ndi mayiko a CIS mtengo wa quokka zimasiyana ma ruble 250,000 mpaka 500,000. Komabe, ndizosatheka kupeza nyama pamsika waulere.
Zosangalatsa
- Mu 2015, tsoka lidachitika: mumzinda wa Northcliffe, womwe uli pagombe lakumadzulo kwa Australia, panali moto womwe udawononga 90% ya anthu a quokk (anthu 500).
- Mu Ogasiti-Seputembala, madzi apansi pachilumba cha Rottnest amachepetsa, ndipo nyengo yachilala imayamba. Pansi pazikhalidwezi, ogwira ntchito m'nkhalangoyi amatenga njira zapadera zotetezera zikhalidwe za quokk.
- Quokkas ali ndi chidwi, saopa anthu ndipo amawalankhula momasuka pachilumba cha Rottnest. Ngakhale amawoneka ochezeka, kusita sikuvomerezeka. Milandu yolumwa kwa anthu, makamaka ana aang'ono, imalembedwa chaka chilichonse. Chinyama sichingavulaze kwambiri, koma ndizotheka kuwopsa ndikusiya zipsera pakhungu.
- Quokka pachilumba cha Rottnest iyenera kuchitidwa mosamala; kuphwanya kulikonse kwamalamulo oyankhulana kumalipira chindapusa. Chaching'ono kwambiri ndi chilango chodyetsa anthu chakudya. Chifukwa chake, pakhuku kapena switi yotambasulidwa nyama, $ 300 akuyenera, pakudula - mpaka $ 50,000, pakupha - zaka 5 mndende yaku Australia.
- Settonix imawoneka m'malo osungira nyama a Petra, Adelaide, Sydney, koma zidadziwika kuti nyama imabisala m'maso mwa anthu. Pachifukwa ichi, nyamazo zimasungidwa kumbuyo kwa galasi, ndikuletsa mwamphamvu kulumikizana kulikonse kuchokera kwa alendo opita kumalo osungira nyama.
- Galu wa dingo, yemwe adawonekera pachilumbachi zaka 3,500 zapitazo, ndi nkhandwe zofiira zomwe zidayambitsidwa ndi azungu mu 1870, zidawononga kwambiri anthu a quokk. Malo okhawo omwe adaniwa sanalowemo ndi Chilumba cha Rottnest. Lero, mdani wamkulu wa quokka pachilumbachi ndi munthu, makamaka, matenda ndi ma virus omwe adabweretsa.
