Nyama yomwe ili ndi dzina loseketsa "dormouse dormouse" yakhala yoyandikana nafe kwazaka zambiri, koma chifukwa chamoyo wake wamadzulo, sichimapezeka kawirikawiri. Ndipo izi ndizabwino - sizokayikitsa kuti m'modzi wokhala mchilimwe angathokoze mbewa chifukwa chowononga zokolola zake. Chowoneka chokongola ichi chikuwonetsedwanso chonyamula encephalitis.
Kufotokozera kwa dormouse yamaluwa
Amawoneka ngati mbewa yokongola, yemwe adasintha chovala chake chaimvi kukhala toni iwiri (pansipa - yoyera, pamwambapa - imvi-bulauni) ndikuwonetsa maso ake ndi kapangidwe kake kakang'ono ka ayezi. China chomwe chimasiyanitsa nyumba yogona ndi chimbudzi ndi mchira wa fluffy tricolor.
Maonekedwe
M'banja la dormice, lopangidwa ndi mitundu 28, dormouse yam'munda amawerengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwazinthu zokongola kwambiri... Ndikosavuta kukana chithumwa cha nkhope yokongolayi ndi maso owala bwino, makutu ozungulira komanso ma vibrissae ataliatali.
Garden dormouse imakula mpaka masentimita 11-16 ndi masentimita 60-140 g ndi mchira waukulu masentimita 9 mpaka 14. Kutsogolo kwake ndi zala zinayi ndi kofupikirapo poyerekeza ndi kwa mbawala zamphongo, ndipo mapazi akumbuyo ndi opapatiza komanso otambasula. Miyendo yakutsogolo imathera ndi zala zinayi zokulirapo, pomwe chachitatu ndi chachinayi chimakhala chotalikirapo kuposa choyamba ndi chachiwiri. Pa miyendo yakumbuyo, chala chachinayi chokha ndichachikulu.
The rodent ali awiriawiri 4 tiziwalo timene timatulutsa mammary ndi tsitsi lalifupi ndi mtundu variable: kumbuyo, amapita ku imvi-bulauni kuti kwambiri bulauni, pamimba akhoza kukhala oyera kapena zonona. Tsitsi limaphimba mchira kwathunthu, likuchulukira pamene likuyandikira nsonga, pomwe limasandulika burashi yayitali pafupifupi.
Garden dormouse, okhala kumadera akumwera kwa malondawo, ndi owala kwambiri kuposa abale awo akumpoto, ndipo ndi otsika poyerekeza ndi omaliza.
Moyo
Zochita zamtundu zimangokhala miyezi 4.5 pachaka ndipo imagwera nyengo yotentha. Njira yowuka kwambiri imatsegulidwa madzulo ndi usiku, pomwe nyumba yogona ikufufuza gawolo posaka chakudya choyenera. Nyamayo imakhala yokwera m'mitengo ndipo imathamanga pansi chimodzimodzi, komabe, mayendedwe ake sapezeka kawirikawiri.
Ndizosangalatsa! Monga ma tulo onse ogona, mbewa zam'munda nthawi zambiri zimadumpha, nthawi zina zimatenga gawo. Ndi njira yachiwiri yosunthira, miyendo yakumbuyo idakwezedwa pang'ono panjirayo kuchokera kutsogolo.
Garden dormouse imakonda kusungulumwa, kokha nthawi zina imamatira ku mtundu wawo nthawi yachisanu. Zisa zimamangidwa m'malo okhala osakwanira, mwachitsanzo:
- m'mapanga a mitengo, nthawi zambiri amawotcha (oak, linden ndi aspen);
- mkati mwa ziphuphu zakale;
- pansi pa mitengo ikuluikulu;
- m'mabowo mobisa;
- m'malo osungira mbalame;
- mu zisa zopangira.
Nthawi zambiri zisa zakale za jay, magpie kapena thrush zimakhala chimango chogona.... Makoswe amawawonjezera ndi nthambi zatsopano, kuzungulira mawonekedwe a chisa ndikukonzekeretsa malo ake kumunsi.
Mutha kumvetsetsa kuti dormouse yakhazikika mchisa / nyumba ya mbalame ndi fungo linalake, kupezeka kwa ndowe pansi / padenga ndi zotsalira za chakudya chodziwika bwino (zikopa za zikopa, ubweya, nthenga za mbalame ndi chitin tizilombo).
Kubisala
Ndiwo okhawo ogona "akumpoto" okha omwe amagweramo: kumwera kwa mtunda, hibernation ndiyokhazikika komanso yayifupi. Makoswe omaliza omaliza amawonedwa kumapeto kwa Seputembala: panthawiyi akukhala onenepa kwambiri, kawiri mpaka zolemera. Anthu ogona amakhala opanda zinthu zozizira, koma nthawi zina amakokera zidutswa zawo m'mabowo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Nthawi yozizira yamagulu imachitika kwa achinyamata, nthawi zambiri amalowa m'malo obisalamo, pomwe dormouse imazizira mpaka kufa kapena kugwidwa ndi agalu ndi nkhandwe.
Udindo wanyumba zachisanu nthawi zambiri umakhala:
- manda a makoswe ena;
- ming'alu pansi pa miyala / mizu;
- ming'oma ya njuchi;
- Ziphuphu zovunda;
- sheds ndi attics;
- nkhokwe ndi masheya.
Atasankha nyumba, dormouse imamanga mpira (pafupifupi 20 cm m'mimba mwake), ndikuphimba ndi masamba / ubweya kuchokera kunja, ndikuuphatika ndi moss, udzu, nthenga ndi timitengo tating'ono kuchokera mkati.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Malo ogona ogona m'munda asankha nkhalango zomwe zili m'mapiri apakati komanso m'chigwa cha North Africa, Europe ndi Mediterranean.
M'dziko lathu, amapezeka kumadzulo, kum'mawa ndi kumpoto. Sonya adawonedwa mdera la Leningrad, Novgorod, Pskov, ku South Urals komanso kudera la Lower Kama.
Amakonda nkhalango zotambalala ndi nkhalango zosakanikirana, pomwe thundu, nkhwangwa, chitumbuwa cha mbalame, mapulo, linden, phulusa lamapiri ndi maluwa agalu amakula... Nthawi zambiri amasankha malo pafupi ndi munthu - kuyeretsa, minda, m'mphepete mwa nkhalango ndi nyumba zakale pafupi ndi nkhalango.
Adani achilengedwe
Malo okhala dormouse amasakidwa ndi:
- kadzidzi (wamakutu ataliatali, kadzidzi ndi chithaphwi);
- agalu ndi amphaka;
- nkhanga ndi akadzidzi a chiwombankhanga;
- marten (marten, polecat ndi ermine);
- nkhandwe.
Pakulimbana ndi chakudya, dormouse ikuwonongeka mosayembekezereka kwa omwe akupikisana nawo - makoswe otuwa.
Zakudya, dormouse yam'munda wazakudya
Nthondiyi, chifukwa chofunitsitsa kudya, sidzafa ndi njala, chifukwa imasintha mosavuta kuchokera ku zomera kupita ku chakudya cha nyama, posankha chakumapeto.
Nyumbayi imagona pansi mosatopa ndikufunafuna chakudya, kutola mtedza wa hazel ndi beech, acorn, elm, linden ndi nthanga za coniferous. M'nyumba zazing'ono za chilimwe, imadya mapeyala, yamatcheri, maapulo, mphesa, mapichesi ndipo samadya (mosiyana ndi masamba ena ogona).
Amasankha nyama zopanda mafupa, kuphatikizapo tizilombo, kuchokera kunkhalango... Orthoptera amakoma kuchokera kumutu, koma samadya mapiko ndi miyendo. Zimayamwa ma mollusk popanga chibowo. Amamwa zomwe zili m'mazira a mbalame chimodzimodzi. Osachita mantha kuwukira nyama zazing'ono ndi mbalame.
Ndizosangalatsa! Garden dormouse imachepetsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mbalame zazing'ono. Kuwonongeka kwakukulu kumachitika kwa iwo omwe amakhala m'mabowo. Amadziwika kuti dzenje amatha kuthana ndi nyenyezi yofanana yolemera.
Kulowera komwe kumakhala anthu, mbewa zimasokoneza chakudya - zipatso zouma, zipatso, chimanga ndi nsomba zouma.
Kubereka ndi ana
Atadzuka ku tulo, mitu yogona imayamba kuberekana, kuyiwala za kupumula masana. Nyama zimathamanga kwambiri, kusiya zilembo paziphuphu, mizu ndi miyala. Kuberekana kumayambira Meyi mpaka Okutobala: panthawiyi, mkazi amabweretsa zinyalala imodzi, osapitilira kawiri.
Mkazi wokhwima amatcha wamwamuna ndi mluzu... Otsutsawo amayankha ndikumveka kofanana ndi madzi otentha mu ketulo, osayiwala kuyendetsa ndikuluma anzawo. Awiriwo amapangidwa kwa masiku angapo, pambuyo pake mnzakeyo amavumbula kapena kusiya wamwamuna, ndikusiya yekha.
Kubala kumatenga pang'ono pamwezi (masiku 22-28) ndipo kumatha ndikuwoneka kwa ana akhungu 2-7 akhungu, amaliseche ndi ogontha, omwe amatha kuwona kumapeto kwa sabata lachitatu. Pofika mwezi umodzi, amakhala kuti amadyetsa okha komanso amayenda mozungulira pambuyo pa amayi awo, atamatira ubweya wawo komanso wina ndi mnzake.
Patatha miyezi iwiri mwana wabereka, mayi amasiya anawo, omwe amakhala limodzi kwakanthawi. Pambuyo pa nyengo yozizira yoyamba, chipinda chogona chaching'ono chakhala chokhonzeka kukhala makolo iwowo. Kutalika kwa moyo wa mbewa kukuyerekeza pafupifupi zaka 5.
Kusunga nyumba yogona kunyumba
Rentent iyi imafuna bwalo lalikulu (osati lalitali kwambiri, koma lotambalala) lokhala ndi chingwe, chidutswa cha thunthu lopanda pake, nthambi zazikulu ndi gudumu loyenda. Moss ndi turf zimayikidwa pansi, nyumba ya mbalame (makamaka awiri) yokhala ndi chivindikiro chosunthika imayikidwa pakhoma.
Zofunika! Nyumba yachiwiri ya mbalame imakhala ngati malo osamutsira, pomwe yoyamba ikuyeretsa ndikuyeretsanso ndowe, zotsalira za chakudya ndi zinyalala zina. Ndipo nyumba zodyetsera mbalame nthawi zambiri zimayenera kutsukidwa chifukwa chazakudya zodyeramo nyama zomwe zimakonda kuvunda msanga.
Dormouse mu ukapolo tichipeza:
- zipatso ndi zipatso (kuphatikizapo zouma);
- mtedza ndi mbewu za mpendadzuwa;
- mavwende (mavwende, vwende ndi dzungu);
- zomera zakutchire, makungwa ndi masamba;
- ananyamuka m'chiuno, phulusa lamapiri ndi viburnum;
- mphemvu ndi njoka;
- nyongolotsi ndi ziphuphu za gulugufe;
- mazira, mkaka ndi nyama yaiwisi.
Kutentha kuchokera ku 0 mpaka +5 madigiri, ziweto zimabisala... Kuti achite izi, adzafunika bokosi losiyana, pansi pake pali nsanza, udzu ndi masamba owuma. Mutha kuyika mbewu ndi mtedza pafupi.
Kuchuluka kwa mitundu ya zamoyo
Kwa zaka makumi awiri kapena zitatu zapitazi, kuchuluka kwa makoswewa (makamaka kumadera akumadzulo kwa malowa) kwatsika kwambiri, ndipo m'malo ena dormouse yamunda yasowa kwathunthu. Izi zikufotokozera mtundu wa zamoyo zomwe zili pachiwopsezo pa IUCN Red List. Komabe, pambuyo pake nyamazo zinaikidwa mgulu lowopsa, lotchedwa "pafupi ndi omwe ali pachiwopsezo", poganizira kusowa kwa ziwerengero zenizeni zakuchepa kwa anthu.
