Ndi amene amatchedwa kholo la nkhosa zoweta. Mouflon, ngakhale kuti ndi yaying'ono kuposa nkhosa zina zamphiri, koma monga iwo, amakakamizika kunyamula nyanga zazikulu zopindika moyo wake wonse.
Kufotokozera kwa mouflon
Ovis gmelini (aka Ovis ovis) ndi chida chowala chochokera ku mtundu wa nkhosa, womwe ndi gawo la banja la bovid. Malinga ndi m'modzi mwazigawozo, mitunduyi ili ndi magawo asanu: European, Cypriot, Armenian, Isfahan ndi Laristani mouflons.
Maonekedwe
Kuposa ena, ma subspecies atatu a mouflon (European, Transcaucasian and Cypriot), omwe amadziwika ndi dera lawo komanso mawonekedwe ena akunja, aphunziridwa.
Kupro, chifukwa chakupezeka pachilumbachi pachilumbachi, adapeza zachilendo zake: nkhono iyi, yomwe imangokhala m'nkhalango, ndiyocheperako pang'ono poyerekeza ndi abale ochokera kuzinthu zina. Mitunduyi imachokera ku golide wonyezimira mpaka wakuda, koma mimba, ziboda zam'munsi ndi mphuno zoyera.
Pakatikati mwa chilimwe "chishalo" chimawonekera pamsana pa nyama - choyera kapena choyera. Ndi nyengo yozizira, mouflon amapeza mane: ubweya wa pa nape umakhala wochuluka komanso wolimba. Tsatanetsatane wake ndi milozo yakuda yoyambira pamutu, ikuyenda mmbali mwa phirilo ndikumaliza ndi mchira wawufupi.
Zoona. Molting for mouflons amayamba kumapeto kwa February ndikutha Meyi. Kuyambira Meyi mpaka Ogasiti, amavala malaya am'chilimwe, omwe pofika Seputembala amayamba kusinthidwa ndi malaya achisanu omwe amawonekera komaliza pasanafike Disembala.
Mouflon waku Europe amatchedwa nkhosa yamphongo yomaliza ku Europe. Ili ndi chovala chachifupi chofewa (chopindika pachifuwa), chofiirira kumbuyo ndi choyera pamimba. M'nyengo yozizira, mbali yakumtunda kwa gombelo imakhala yofiirira.
Mouflon wa Transcaucasian ndi wokulirapo pang'ono kuposa woweta, wowonda komanso wolimba, ali ndi ubweya wofiira wofiira, wopukutidwa ndi imvi yoyera (ngati chishalo). Chifuwacho nthawi zambiri chimakhala chofiirira, mthunzi womwewo umawonekera kutsogolo kwa miyendo yakutsogolo.
M'nyengo yozizira, chovalacho chimawala pang'ono mpaka kufiyira-kofiirira, chikasu chofiyira komanso chofiyira. Komanso, pofika chisanu, mouflon amakula (pakhosi / pachifuwa) mame ofiira akuda, koma mimba ndi miyendo yakumunsi zimakhalabe zoyera.
Zinyama zazing'ono zimakutidwa ndi ubweya wofewa wa imvi.
Makulidwe a Mouflon
Mbalame yotchedwa Transcaucasian mountain mouflon ili patsogolo pa ma mouflon ena kukula, kukula mpaka 80-95 masentimita pofota ndi kutalika kwa mita 1.5 ndikupeza 80 kg ya misa. Mouflon waku Europe akuwonetsa kukula kocheperako - thupi la mita 1.25 (pomwe masentimita 10 amagwera mchira) mpaka 75 cm ndikufota ndikulemera kwa 40 mpaka 50 kg. Kutalika kwa mouflon wa ku Kupro kumakhala pafupifupi 1.1 mita ndikutalika kwa kufota kwa 65 mpaka 70 cm ndikulemera kopitilira 35 kg.
Moyo
Magulu achilimwe a mouflons amawerengera nyama 5 mpaka 20: monga lamulo, awa ndi akazi angapo okhala ndi ana, omwe nthawi zina amakhala limodzi ndi 1-2 amuna akulu. Otsatirawa, nthawi zambiri amakhala m'magulu osiyana, kulola kukhalapo kwa akazi amodzi pamenepo. Amuna achikulire amakakamizidwa kukhala ngati akapolo, okha.
Kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, gulu laling'ono limasonkhana kukhala gulu limodzi lamphamvu, lomwe limafikira mpaka mitu 150-200, mtsogoleri wawo ndi wamphongo wodziwa bwino. Amatsogolera gulu la ziweto ndipo nthawi yomweyo amakhala ngati mlonda, akukwera thanthwe / hillock ndikuyang'ana patali pomwe ma mouflon akupumula kapena kudyetsa.
Zosangalatsa. Atazindikira zoopsa, mtsogoleriyo aponda phazi lake mokweza ndikuthamanga, ndikupereka chitsanzo pagulu lonse. Kuthamanga kwa mouflon kumakhala kopepuka komanso kwachangu - nthawi zina kumakhala kosatheka kuzindikira momwe ziboda zake zimagwirira pansi.
Ngati ndi kotheka, mphalapala imadumpha mpaka 1.5 mita kapena imadumpha mita 10, mosadumphadumpha ikudumpha tchire ndi miyala yayikulu. Ikudumpha, nkhosa yamphongoyo ikuponya mutu wake ndi nyanga ndikutseka miyendo yake yakutsogolo ndi yakumbuyo, ikufikiratu.
M'madera omwe asankhidwa, ma mouflon amakhala moyo wokhala ndi malo "opumira" opumulira, odyetserako ziweto ndi kuthirira. Powoloka, amathamanga m'njira zomwezo, kupondaponda njira zowonekera zomwe nyama zina zimagwiritsa ntchito nthawi ndi nthawi.
Madzulo a chilimwe chotentha, nkhosa zimapuma pansi pamiyala yamiyala, m'zigwa kapena mumthunzi wa mitengo ikuluikulu. Mabediwo ndi okhazikika ndipo nthawi zina amawoneka ngati maenje, popeza nkhosa zamphongo zimazipondaponda kwambiri, pafupifupi mita imodzi ndi theka. M'nyengo yozizira, ziweto zimadya mpaka madzulo, kubisala m'ming'alu ikamawomba chipale chofewa kapena kugwa kwa chisanu.
Mouflon amalira mofanana ndi nkhosa zoweta, koma mawu ake akumveka mokweza kwambiri. Nyama zimagwiritsa ntchito zizindikilo za mawu kawirikawiri, zimachenjeza za kuwopsa ndi kudina kwa ziweto.
Utali wamoyo
Ma Mouflons, mosasamala kanthu za subspecies, amakhala m'malo achilengedwe pafupifupi zaka 12-15. Ndi anthu ochepa omwe amadziwa kuti nyanga zake zolemera ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti nkhalangozi zikhale ndi moyo wautali. Amakhala ndi mafupa, omwe amatulutsa maselo amwazi. Ndiwo omwe amanyamula mpweya m'thupi lonse, popanda mouflon amatha kubanika m'mapiri, momwe mpweya ndiwowonda kwambiri. Kutukula kukwezeka, pamafunika mafupa ambiri ndipo nyanga zimayenera kulemera kwambiri.
Zoyipa zakugonana
Ndikothekera kusiyanitsa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi mwa kupezeka / kupezeka kapena kukula kwa nyanga, komanso kulemera ndi kutalika kwa nyama. Akazi samangokhala opepuka komanso opepuka kuposa amuna (amalemera theka kapena theka lachitatu), koma nthawi zambiri amakhala opanda nyanga. Nyanga za ma mouflon achikazi zimamera kwambiri, koma ngakhale zili zochepa.
Amuna a European mouflon amadzitama (30-40 khola) ndi nyanga zazitatu mpaka 65 cm kutalika. Ma mouflon a ku Kupro nawonso amavala nyanga zazikulu, zothamangira.
Nyanga zamphongo zamphongo za Transcaucasian mouflon zimasiyanasiyana pakatalika komanso kutalika kwake, komanso m'chiuno mwake m'munsi - kuyambira masentimita 21 mpaka 30. Nyanga zazimayi ndizazing'ono, zopindika pang'ono komanso zofewa, zokhala ndi makwinya ambiri opingasa, koma nthawi zambiri zimakhalabe zikusowa.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Mouflon amapezeka kuchokera ku Transcaucasia ndi madera akumwera a Tajikistan / Turkmenistan mpaka kunyanja ya Mediterranean komanso kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa India. Mouflon waku Europe amakhala kuzilumba za Sardinia ndi Corsica, komanso kumwera kwa kontinenti ku Europe, komwe adayambitsidwa bwino.
Kugwa kwa 2018, mouflon idapezeka kumadzulo kwa Kazakhstan (Ustyurt Plateau). Mouflon wa Transcaucasian amadyetsa kumapiri a Azerbaijan ndi Armenia (kuphatikiza mapiri aku Armenia), mpaka kukafika kumapiri a Zagros ku Iran, Iraq ndi Turkey.
Kuphatikiza apo, mitunduyi yakhala ikulowetsedwa m'malo osakira a United States. Nyama zinabweretsedwa ku North ndi South America kuti zisakidwe.
Pali gulu laling'ono la mouflons kuzilumba za Kerguelen mdera lakumwera kwa Indian Ocean. Mtundu winawake wa nkhono za ku Cyprus, umakhala ku Cyprus. Malo okhalamo ali ndi mapiri otsetsereka a mitengo. Nkhosa zamphongo (mosiyana ndi mbuzi) sizimakonda mapiri amiyala, posankha kupumula kotseguka ndi nsonga zazitali, mapiri ndi malo otsetsereka.
Kuti akhale chete, ma mouflon samangofunikira malo odyetserako ziweto owoneka bwino, komanso kuyandikira kwa dzenje lothirira. Kusuntha kwakanthawi ndi kwachilendo kwa oimira mitunduyo ndipo kumachitika kawirikawiri, koma mayendedwe owoneka bwino a anthu amadziwika.
M'nyengo yotentha, nkhosa zimakwera kumapiri, kumene kumakhala masamba obiriwira obiriwira komanso mpweya wabwino. M'nyengo yozizira, anyamawa amapita kumapiri otsika kwambiri, kumene kumatentha kwambiri. M'zaka zowuma, gulu limakonda kuyendayenda kufunafuna chakudya ndi chinyezi.
Zakudya za mouflon
M'nyengo yotentha, nyama zimapita kumalo odyetserako ziweto kutentha kukangotha, ndipo zimangozisiya kumadzulo. Mouflon, mofanana ndi nkhosa zina zamphongo, ndi ya nyama zodyetserako ziweto, chifukwa udzu ndi mbewu zimakonda kudya. Akuyenda m'minda yaulimi, gulu la moufflons wamtchire amasangalala kudya tirigu (ndi tirigu wina), kuwononga mbewu pa mpesa.
Chakudya cha mouflon chilimwe chimaphatikizaponso zomera zina:
- sedge ndi nthenga udzu;
- zipatso ndi bowa;
- moss ndi ndere;
- fescue ndi udzu wa tirigu.
M'nyengo yozizira, nkhosa zamphongo zimayesera kudyetsa m'malo opanda chipale chofewa, komwe kumakhala kosavuta kupeza udzu wouma, kapena ziboda zimachokera pansi pa chipale chofewa ndi ayezi. Sakonda kwenikweni phunziro lomaliza, chifukwa chake ma mouflon amakhala ofunitsitsa kusinthana ndi nthambi zoonda kapena kudziluma makungwa.
Amapita kumalo okuthiririra dzuwa likamalowa komanso ngakhale kutagwa, kenako amapuma, ndipo ndi kuwala koyamba kwa dzuwa amamwa kachiwiri ndikukwera mapiri. Ma mouflon amadziwika kuti amatha kuthetsa ludzu lawo ndi madzi abwino komanso amchere.
Kubereka ndi ana
Akazi ambiri amayamba kuyenda kumapeto kwa Okutobala. Pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, chimfine chachikulu cha mouflon chimayamba, kuyambira Novembala mpaka theka loyamba la Disembala.
Limbani ndi akazi
Ma Mouflons sali okonda mwazi, ndipo ngakhale kumenyera mtima wa dona, samabweretsa nkhaniyi kupha kapena kuvulaza koopsa, kudzichepetsera kuwonetseredwa kopambana. Chokhacho chomwe chimaopseza omenyera nkhondo, omwe amataya chidwi chawo chobadwa mchikondi, ndikugwera m'manja mwa chilombo kapena kukhala chikho chosaka nyama.
Munthawi yamakedzana, ma mouflon amakhala m'magulu angapo a mitu 10-15, pomwe pali amuna angapo okhwima ogonana, pakati pawo kumamenyanako komweko. Amphongo amwazikana pafupifupi 20 mita, kenako amathamangira kunzake, akugundana ndi nyanga zopota kotero kuti echo kuchokera pakukhudzidwa ifalikira kwa 2-3 km.
Zosangalatsa. Mouflon nthawi ndi nthawi amalumikizana ndi nyanga zake, amakhala kwa nthawi yayitali ndipo nthawi zina amagwa, kutulutsa kulira. Atatopa, amuna amasiya kumenya nkhondo, ndikuyambiranso pambuyo pakupuma.
Koma, mosasamala kanthu za zotsatira za mpikisanowu, nkhosa zamphongo zonse zili ndi ufulu wokutira zazikazi potentha, zonse zomwe zagonjetsedwa (zomwe palibe amene amatulutsa kunja kwa ziweto) ndi zomwe zapambana. Amayi nthawi yayitali amakhala odekha ndipo modekha amayang'ana kufotokoza kwa ubale pakati pa amuna.
Mnzakeyo adavomereza kuti thupi limachita ngati nkhosa yamphongo iliyonse - ndikulira mwakachetechete, amatsata wamkazi mosalekeza, akusisita khosi lake m'mbali mwa mnzake ndikuyesera kumuphimba. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala m'gulu la ziweto kumapeto kwa nyengo yokhwima, kutsagana ndi akazi awo mpaka masika.
Kubereka ndi kubereka
Mouflon wamkazi (monga nkhosa yoweta) amabala ana pafupifupi miyezi isanu. Ana a nkhosa oyamba kubadwa amabadwa kumapeto kwa Marichi, koma ana ambiri amabadwa theka lachiwiri la Epulo kapena theka loyamba la Meyi.
Atatsala pang'ono kubereka mwana wamkazi, wamkazi amachoka pagululo, ndikupeza malo obisika obadwira m'miyala kapena m'zigwa. Nkhosa imabereka ana ankhosa awiri, osakhala mmodzi, atatu, kapena anayi. Poyamba, ana ankhosa alibe chochita, sangathe kutsatira amayi awo, ndipo pakagwa zoopsa samathawa, koma amabisala.
Patatha sabata ndi theka atabadwa, amapeza mphamvu kuti apite ndi amayi awo kukapanga ziweto kapena kupanga china chatsopano. Amayitana amayi awo, amalira ngati ana ankhosa oweta. Mkazi amawadyetsa mkaka mpaka Seputembara / Okutobala, pang'onopang'ono (kuyambira mwezi umodzi) kuwaphunzitsa kutsina udzu watsopano.
Kulemera kwa mouflon wazaka chimodzi ndikofanana ndi 30% ya unyinji wa munthu wamkulu, ndipo kutalika kwake ndikocheperako 2/3 pakukula kwa mbewuyo. Kukula kwachinyamata kumafika pakukula kwathunthu zaka 4-5, koma kumakulabe m'litali ndikulemera mpaka zaka 7.
Ntchito zachonde m'mamouflon sizimadzuka kale kuposa zaka 2-4, koma anyamata achichepere samayesa kupikisana ndi anzawo achikulire, chifukwa chake satenga nawo gawo pakasaka kwazaka zitatu.
Adani achilengedwe
Mouflon ndiwovuta kwambiri chifukwa chakumva bwino, kuwona bwino komanso kununkhiza bwino (kununkhira kwamtunduwu kumapangidwa bwino kuposa mphamvu zina). Oopsa kwambiri komanso osamala ndi akazi okhala ndi ana.
Zosangalatsa. Ntchito yolondera pagulu imachitika osati ndi mtsogoleri yekha, komanso ndi amuna ena achikulire, nthawi ndi nthawi m'malo mwa wina ndi mnzake.
Powopsezedwa, mlondayo amamveka ngati "cue ... k". China ngati "toh-toh" chimamveka nkhosa zamphongo, motsogozedwa ndi mtsogoleriyo, zikuthawa ngozi. Zazikazi zomwe zili ndi ana ankhosa zimathamangira pambuyo pake, ndipo zazimuna zakale zimatseka gululo, zomwe nthawi zina zimaima ndikuyang'ana pozungulira.
Nyama zakutchire zimadziwika ngati adani achilengedwe a mouflon:
- nkhandwe;
- lynx;
- wolira;
- kambuku;
- nkhandwe (makamaka nyama zazing'ono).
Owona ndi maso akuti munthu sangathe kuyandikira mouflon pafupi ndi masitepe 300 kuchokera mbali yotsetsereka. Ngakhale osawona anthu, chilombocho chimanunkhiza pamasitepe 300-400. Poyendetsedwa ndi chidwi, mouflon nthawi zina amalola munthu kutenga masitepe 200, ngati sakuwonetsa nkhanza ndikuchita modekha.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Mouflon nthawi zonse wakhala chinthu chamtengo wapatali kwa alenje (makamaka opha nyama) chifukwa cha nyama yake yokoma, ngakhale nyama yowuma, khungu lakuda, ubweya wokongola wachisanu komanso, nyanga zamphamvu zopindika. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, zinali nyanga zomwe zidakhala chifukwa chachikulu chowonongera 30% ya nyama zonse.
Imodzi mwama subspecies a mouflon Ovis orientalis (European mouflon) adaphatikizidwa ndi IUCN Red List. Chiwerengero cha anthu padziko lonse lapansi chikuchepa, ndikupangitsa Ovis orientalis kukhala pachiwopsezo. Zinthu zomwe zimasokoneza chisamaliro cha nkhono za mouflon:
- kuwononga malo;
- chilala ndi chisanu choopsa;
- mpikisano ndi ziweto zodyetsa / madzi;
- mikangano yankhondo m'malo okhala;
- kupha nyama.
Ovis orientalis adalembedwa mu CITES Zowonjezera I (pansi pa mayina O. orientalis ophion ndi O. vignei vignei) mu Zowonjezera II (zotchedwa Ovis vignei).
Ku Afghanistan, Ovis orientalis imaphatikizidwa mndandanda woyamba (wopangidwa mu 2009) mndandanda wazinthu zotetezedwa ndi boma, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kusaka ndi kugulitsa ma mouflon mdzikolo ndizoletsedwa.
Masiku ano, mouflon wamapiri a Transcaucasian watetezedwa ku Ordubad National Park (Azerbaijan) komanso ku Khosrov Nature Reserve (Armenia). Subpecies imaphatikizidwa ndi Red Data Books za Azerbaijan ndi Armenia. Kuphatikiza apo, malo okonzera kuswana nkhosa za Transcaucasian akhazikitsidwa ku Armenia, ndipo aletsedwa kuzisaka kuyambira 1936.
Komanso Zoological Institute of Armenia yakhazikitsa pulogalamu yosungira ukapolo. Asayansi apanga mfundo zingapo:
- mu nthawi yochepa, kudziwa mtundu wa mitundu (ndi mawerengedwe zolondola ziweto);
- kukulitsa malo osungira Khosrov polipirira madera omwe adapatsidwa kale nkhosa;
- kupatsa Ordubad malo osungira kufunikira;
- kuchepetsa / kuthana ndi zoyesayesa zakupha;
- onetsetsani ziweto.
Ku Iran, Ovis orientalis gmelinii (Armenian mouflon) akuyang'aniridwa ndi boma. Oimira subspecies amakhala m'malo 10 otetezedwa, malo osungira nyama zamtchire atatu, komanso Nyanja ya Urmia National Park.
Kuphatikiza apo, anthu osakanikirana a mouflon aku Armenia amapezeka m'malo osungira nyama, m'malo otetezedwa komanso m'malo amodzi. M'malire a madera otetezedwa, kudyetsa ziweto kumayang'aniridwa mosamala, ndipo kusaka ma mouflon (kunja kwa maderawa) kumaloledwa kuyambira Seputembala mpaka February ndipo ndi chilolezo chokha.
