Nyani zazing'ono zomwe zimakhazikika ku Africa kokha, komwe makolo awo (akale galago) ma lemurs amakono adatsika.
Kufotokozera kwa galago
Galago ndi amodzi mwamagulu asanu am'banja la Galagonidae, omwe amaphatikizapo mitundu 25 ya anyani am'masana oyenda usiku. Amayandikana kwambiri ndi a loris ndipo m'mbuyomu amawerengedwa kuti ndi amodzi mwa mabanja awo.
Maonekedwe
Nyama imadziwika mosavuta chifukwa cha nkhope yake yoseketsa ndi maso a saucer ndi makutu a locator, komanso mchira wautali kwambiri komanso wolimba, ngati kangaroo, miyendo. Pakati pa zowunikira, osanena zakugundidwa, pali mzere wowala, ndipo maso awo adafotokozedwa mumdima, omwe amawapangitsa kuzama komanso kukulira.
Makutu akulu opanda kanthu, owoloka mitsinje inayi yopingasa, amayenda mosadukizana, kutembenukira mbali zosiyanasiyana. Chofufumitsa (chofanana ndi lilime lowonjezera) chimakhala pansi pa lilime lalikulu ndipo chimagwira ntchito yoyeretsa ubweyawo pamodzi ndi mano akumaso. Chinsalu chokula chala chachiwiri chakumapazi chakumbuyo chimathandizanso kutulutsa ubweya.
Ma Galagos atalikirana, ndi misomali mosalala, zala zokhala ndi mapadi akuda pamalangizo awo, omwe amathandiza kugwiritsitsa nthambi zowongoka komanso malo owoneka bwino.
Mapazi amatambasulidwa mwamphamvu, monganso miyendo yakumbuyo yokha, yomwe imafanana ndi nyama zambiri zolumpha. Mchira wautali kwambiri wa galago umakhala wofewetsa pang'ono (ndikukula kwa tsitsi kuchokera kumunsi mpaka kunsonga yakuda).
Chovala mthupi chimakhala chachitali, chopindika pang'ono, chofewa komanso cholimba. Chovala chamitundu yambiri chimakhala chakuda ngati siliva, imvi kapena imvi, pomwe mimba imakhala yopepuka kuposa msana, ndipo mbali ndi ziwalo zimatulutsa zachikasu.
Makulidwe a Galago
Nyani zazing'ono ndi zazikulu zokhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi kuchokera pa 11 (Demidov's galago) mpaka masentimita 40. Mchirawo ndiwotalika pafupifupi 1.2 kuposa thupi ndipo ndi wofanana ndi masentimita 15 mpaka 44. Akuluakulu amalemera pakati pa 50 g mpaka 1.5 kg.
Moyo
Galago amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono motsogozedwa ndi mtsogoleri, wamwamuna wamphamvu. Amathamangitsa amuna onse achikulire mdera lake, koma amavomereza oyandikana nawo amuna komanso amasamalira akazi ndi ana. Amuna achichepere, othamangitsidwa kuchokera mbali zonse, nthawi zambiri amasochera m'makampani a bachelor.
Zolemba za kununkhiza zimakhala ngati malire (ndipo nthawi yomweyo, zodziwika bwino za munthu) - galago amapaka zikhato / mapazi ake ndi mkodzo, ndikusiya kununkhira kosalekeza kulikonse komwe akuthawira. Amaloledwa kudutsa malire a magawo m'nyengo yamvula.
Galago ndi nyama zodyera komanso zogona usiku, kupumula masana m'maenje, zisa zakale za mbalame, kapena pakati pa nthambi zowona. Galago yodzutsidwa mwadzidzidzi imachedwetsa komanso masana masana, koma usiku imawonekera mwamphamvu kwambiri komanso mwamphamvu.
Galago imatha kulumpha modabwitsa mpaka mamitala 3-5 komanso kuthekera kolunjika mpaka 1.5-2 mita.
Zikatsikira pansi, nyama zimadumpha ngati kangaroo (pa miyendo yawo yakumbuyo) kapena zimayenda pamapazi onse anayi. Mchira uli ndi ntchito ziwiri - chosunga ndi chowerengera.
Zolankhula komanso kulumikizana
Galagos, monga nyama zocheza, ali ndi zida zambiri zolumikizirana, kuphatikiza mawu, nkhope ndi kumva.
Zizindikiro zomveka
Mtundu uliwonse wa galago uli ndi mawu ake omwe amapangidwa, omveka mosiyanasiyana, omwe ntchito yake ndi kukopa abwenzi panthawi yamantha, kuwopseza ofunsira ena, kukhazika khanda ana kapena kuwachenjeza kuti awaopseze.
Mwachitsanzo, ma galago a ku Senegal amalumikizana kudzera m'mawu 20, omwe amaphatikizapo kulira, kung'ung'udza, kuchita chibwibwi, kulira, kuyetsemula, kulira, kukuwa, kukuwa, kulira, ndi kutsokomola. Pochenjeza achibale awo za kuopsa kumeneku, milalang'amba ija imangolira mwamantha, kenako nayamba kuthawa.
Ma Galagos amagwiritsanso ntchito kulira kwapafupipafupi kulumikizana, komwe sikutha kuwona khutu la munthu.
Kulira kwa wamwamuna ndi wamkazi nthawi yachisoni ndikofanana ndi kulira kwa ana, ndichifukwa chake galago nthawi zina amatchedwa "mwana wakhanda". Anawo amapempha mayiyo ndi mawu akuti "tsic", pomwe amayankha ndikumvekeretsa.
Kumva
Ma Galagos ali ndi makutu obisika modabwitsa, motero amamva tizilombo tomwe tikuuluka ngakhale mumdima wandiweyani kuseri kwa katani lolimba lamasamba. Chifukwa cha mphatso iyi, anyani amayenera kuthokoza chilengedwe, chomwe chawapatsa makutu osamvera. Makutu a gutta-percha a galago amatha kugubuduza kuchokera nsonga mpaka pansi, kutembenukira kapena kubwerera mmbuyo. Nyamazo zimateteza makutu awo osalimba popinda ndi kugogoda kumutu zikafuna kudutsa m'tchire laminga.
Maonekedwe akumaso ndi mawonekedwe ake
Popereka moni kwa mnzake, ma galago nthawi zambiri amakhudza mphuno zawo, pambuyo pake amwazikana, kusewera kapena kupukuta ubweya wina ndi mnzake. Zowopsa zimaphatikizaponso kuyang'ana mdani, makutu atagona kumbuyo, nsidze zotseguka, pakamwa pakatseguka ndi mano otsekeka, ndi kulumpha zingapo.
Utali wamoyo
Kutalika kwa moyo wa mlalang'amba kumayesedwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Zina mwazinthu sizimapatsa zaka zopitilira 3-5 m'chilengedwe komanso zowirikiza kawiri m'malo osungira nyama. Ena amatchula ziwerengero zochititsa chidwi: zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zakutchire ndi zaka 20 mu ukapolo, ngati nyama zisamalidwa bwino ndikudyetsedwa.
Zoyipa zakugonana
Kusiyanitsa pakati pa amuna ndi akazi kumawonekera makamaka kukula kwawo. Amuna, monga lamulo, amakhala olemera ndi 10% kuposa akazi, kuphatikiza apo, omaliza ali ndi awiriawiri a ma gland a mammary.
Mitundu ya Galago
Mtundu wa Galago umaphatikizapo mitundu yochepera iwiri:
- Galago alleni (galago Allen);
- Galago cameronensis;
- Demidoff ya Galago (galago Demidova);
- Galago gabonensis (galago waku Gabon);
- Galago gallarum (galago waku Somalia);
- Galago granti (Galago Grant);
- Galago kumbirensis (galago wachichepere waku Angola);
- Galago matschiei (kum'mawa chakum'mawa);
- Galago moholi (kummwera galago);
- Galago nyasae;
- Galago orinus (phiri galago);
- Galago rondoensis (Rondo galago);
- Galago senegalensis (Senegalse galago);
- Galago thomasi;
- Galago zanzibaricus (Zanzibar galago);
- Galago cocos;
- Galago makandensis.
Mitundu yotsirizayi (chifukwa chakusowa kwake komanso kusaphunzira) imadziwika kuti ndi yodabwitsa kwambiri, ndipo yotchulidwa kwambiri komanso yotchuka yotchedwa Galago senegalensis.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Ma Galago amadziwika kuti ndi anyani ambiri ku Africa, chifukwa amapezeka pafupifupi m'nkhalango zonse za ku Africa, madera ake ndi zitsamba zomwe zimakula m'mbali mwa mitsinje ikuluikulu. Mitundu yonse yamagalala imasinthidwa kukhala kumadera ouma, komanso kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, ndikupirira modekha kuyambira 6 ° mpaka kuphatikiza 41 ° Celsius.
Zakudya za Galago
Nyamazo ndizopatsa chidwi, ngakhale mitundu ina imawonetsa chidwi chambiri chakudya cha tizilombo. Zakudya zoyenera za Galago zimakhala ndi zigawo zazomera ndi nyama:
- tizilombo, monga ziwala;
- maluwa ndi zipatso;
- mphukira zazing'ono ndi mbewu;
- zosawerengeka;
- zazing'ono zazing'ono kuphatikizapo mbalame, anapiye, ndi mazira;
- chingamu.
Tizilombo timapezeka ndikumveka, nthawi yayitali asanafike kumalo awo owonera. Tizilombo tomwe timadutsa m'mbuyomu timagwiridwa ndi zikoko zakutsogolo, zikumamatira panthambi ndi miyendo yawo yakumbuyo. Pogwira kachilombo, nyamayo imadya nthawi yomweyo, ikuphwanya, kapena kumata nyama ndi zala zake ndikupitiriza kusaka.
Chakudya chotsika mtengo kwambiri, chimakhala ndi malo ambiri pazakudya, zomwe zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi nyengo. M'nyengo yamvula, milalang'amba imadya tizilombo tambiri, ndikusinthira kuzitsamba zamitengo ndikayamba chilala.
Kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni azinyama m'zakudya kumachepa, anyani amawoneka ochepa, chifukwa chingamu sichimalola kubweza ndalama zambiri zamagetsi. Komabe, milalang'amba yambiri imamangiriridwa kumalo enaake, komwe kumapezeka mitengo "yofunikira" ndipo tizilombo timapezeka, omwe mphutsi zake zimawakhomera, ndikuwakakamiza kuti apange utomoni wopatsa thanzi.
Kubereka ndi ana
Pafupifupi milalang'amba yonse imabereka kawiri pachaka: mu Novembala, nyengo yamvula ikayamba, ndi Okutobala. Mu ukapolo, kuluma kumachitika nthawi iliyonse, koma mkazi amabweretsanso ana osapitilira kawiri pachaka.
Zosangalatsa. Ma Galago ndi amitala, ndipo amuna samaphimba imodzi, koma akazi ambiri, ndipo masewera okondana ndi mnzake amatha ndi zochitika zingapo zogonana. Abambo amadzichotsa pakulera ana amtsogolo.
Zazimayi zimabereka ana kwa masiku 110-140 ndipo zimaberekera mu chisa chomangirako masamba. Nthawi zambiri mwana wakhanda amabadwa akulemera pafupifupi 12-15 g, osachepera - mapasa, ngakhale kangapo - katatu. Mayi amawadyetsa mkaka kwa masiku 70-100, koma pakutha sabata lachitatu amabweretsa chakudya chotafuna, ndikuphatikiza ndi kuyamwitsa mkaka.
Poyamba, yaikazi imanyamula ana ake m'mano, kuwasiya kanthawi kochepa muboola / chisa kuti akadye nawo nkhomaliro. Ngati china chake chikumudetsa nkhawa, amasintha komwe amakhala - amamanga chisa chatsopano ndikukokera ana kumeneko.
Pafupifupi milungu iwiri yakubadwa, makanda amayamba kuwonetsa kuyima pawokha, akuyesera kuti atuluke mchisacho, ndipo pakatha milungu itatu akukwera nthambi. Nyani wa miyezi itatu amabwerera ku chisa chawo kukagona masana basi. Ntchito zobereka mu nyama zazing'ono sizidziwika kale kuposa chaka chimodzi.
Adani achilengedwe
Chifukwa chokhala usiku, milalang'amba imapewa kudya nyama zambiri masana, osangoyang'ana. Komabe, achikulire ndi nyama zazing'ono nthawi zambiri zimakhala nyama:
- mbalame, makamaka akadzidzi;
- njoka zazikulu ndi abuluzi;
- agalu agalu ndi amphaka.
Zaka zingapo zapitazo, zidapezeka kuti adani achilengedwe a galago ndi ... chimpanzi akukhala ku savannah yaku Senegal. Izi zidapangidwa ndi Mngelezi Paco Bertolani ndi American Jill Prutz, omwe adawona kuti anyani amagwiritsa ntchito zida 26 zantchito ndi kusaka.
Chida chimodzi (mkondo wa 0,6 m kutalika) chidawakomera - ili ndi nthambi yomwe yamasulidwa ku makungwa / masamba okhala ndi nsonga yosongoka. Ndili ndi mkondo uwu womwe anyani amaboola galago (Galago senegalensis), ndikupweteka mobwerezabwereza, kenako kunyambita / kununkhiza mkondo kuti awone ngati kufikako kwafika pachimake.
Zotsatira zake, anyani amayenera kupita kokasaka ndi mikondo chifukwa chakusowa kwa njoka yofiira (nyama yomwe amawakonda) kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Senegal.
Mapeto achiwiri omwe asayansi adatipangitsa kuti tiziwona mosiyana pakusintha kwaumunthu. Prutz ndi Bertolani adazindikira kuti anyani achichepere, makamaka azimayi, anali ndi mikondo, pambuyo pake amapatsira maluso omwe ana awo adapeza. Malinga ndi akatswiri a zoo, izi zikutanthauza kuti azimayi atenga gawo lalikulu pakupanga zida ndi ukadaulo kuposa momwe zimaganiziridwapo kale.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Magalagi ambiri ali pa IUCN Red List koma amadziwika kuti LC (Wosasamala). Choopseza chachikulu chimawerengedwa kuti ndi kutayika kwa malo okhala, kuphatikiza kufalikira kwa malo odyetserako ziweto, nyumba zokhalamo ndi chitukuko cha malonda. Gulu la LC (monga 2019) limaphatikizapo:
- Galago alleni;
- Kuchotsedwa kwa Galago;
- Galago gallarum;
- Galago granti;
- Galago matschiei;
- Galago moholi;
- Galago zanzibaricus;
- Galago thomasi.
Mitundu yotsirizayi, yomwe imapezeka m'malo angapo otetezedwa, adalembedwanso mu CITES Zakumapeto II. Galago senegalensis imadziwikanso ndi chidule cha LC, koma ili ndi tanthauzo lake - nyama zimagulitsidwa ngati ziweto.
Ndipo ndi mtundu umodzi wokha, Galago rondoensis, womwe pano umadziwika kuti uli pachiwopsezo chachikulu (CR). Chifukwa chodula zidutswa zomaliza za nkhalango, kuchuluka kwa mitunduyi kukuwonetsedwa kuti ikuchepa.
