Sargan ndi nsomba yokhala ndi mawonekedwe achilendo komanso achilendo. Ma Sargans alinso ndi chinthu china chowapangitsa kukhala apadera kwambiri. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mafupa a mafupa awo sali oyera, koma obiriwira. Ndipo chifukwa cha zazitali komanso zopyapyala, nsagwada zolimba kwambiri, garfish adapeza dzina lachiwiri - arrow arrow.
Kufotokozera kwa Sargan
Mitundu yonse ya garfish ndi ya banja la garfish, lomwe lili mgulu la garfish, lomwe limaphatikizapo nsomba zachilendo zouluka zomwe zimakhala m'madzi otentha ndi madera otentha, komanso saury wamba, chakudya chazitini chomwe chitha kuwoneka pa shelufu ya golosale iliyonse.
Maonekedwe
Kwa zaka mazana awiri kapena mazana atatu zapitazo, ndi nsomba zingati zomwe zilipo padziko lapansi, zasintha pang'ono kunja.
Thupi la nsombayi ndi lalitali komanso lopapatiza, lathyathyathya kuchokera mbali, zomwe zimawoneka ngati eel kapena njoka yam'nyanja. Mambawo ndi apakatikati, ndipo amatchedwa pearlescent luster.
Nsagwada za nsomba zam'mphepete zimatambasulidwa mwanjira yapadera, nkhosweyo ikungofika kumtunda kwenikweni, mofanana ndi "mlomo" wa nsomba. Ofufuza ena apeza kuti garfish, chifukwa cha mawonekedwe akunjawa, ndi ofanana ndi abuluzi akale akuuluka, pterodactyls, omwe, sangathe kukhala achibale.
Zosangalatsa! Kufanana kwakunja ndi zokwawa zomwe zatha kumalimbikitsidwa ndikuti nsagwada za garfish zochokera mkatimo zili ndi mano ang'onoang'ono, akuthwa, mawonekedwe a zinyama zouluka zakale.
Zipsepse zam'mimba, zam'mbali ndi zam'mbuyo zili kumbuyo kwa thupi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nsombazo zizisinthasintha. Chopondacho chimatha kukhala ndi cheza cha 11-43; kumapeto kwa caudal kumakhala kocheperako komanso kopingasa. Mzere wotsatira wa nsomba muvi umasunthira pansi, pafupi ndi mimba, umayamba m'chigawo cha zipsepse zam'mimba ndikupita kumchira.
Pali mitundu itatu yayikulu pamiyeso. Kumbuyo kwakumtunda kwa garfish kumakhala mdima, wobiriwira wabuluu. Mbalizo zimapakidwa utoto wonyezimira. Ndipo mimba ndi yopepuka kwambiri, yoyera siliva.
Mutu wa arrowfish ndi wokulirapo pansi, koma umagundika kwathunthu kumapeto kwa nsagwada. Chifukwa chakunja, garfish poyambirira idatchedwa ku Europe singano ya singano. Komabe, pambuyo pake, dzinali linaperekedwa kwa nsomba kuchokera kubanja la singano. Ndipo garfish adalandira dzina lina losadziwika: adayamba kuutcha kuti arrow arrow.
Kukula kwa nsomba
Kutalika kwa thupi kumatha kutalika kuchokera ku 0.6-1 mita, ndipo kulemera kwake kumafika kilogalamu 1.3. Kutalika kwa thupi la garfish sikupitilira masentimita 10.
Khalidwe la Sargan
Ma Sargans ndi nsomba zam'madzi zapamadzi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti amakonda kukhala pamadzi ndi pamtunda, kwinaku akupewa kuzama kwakukulu komanso kugombe kwa nyanja.
Maonekedwe achilengedwe a thupi lalitali, lathyathyathya kuchokera mbali, amathandizira kuti nsombayi isunthike mwanjira yapadera: kupanga mayendedwe ofanana ndi mafunde ndi thupi lonse, monga momwe njoka zamadzi zimayendera kapena ma eel. Pogwiritsa ntchito njirayi, nsomba zamtundu wa garfish zimatha kukhala ndi liwiro la makilomita 60 pa ola limodzi m'madzi.
A Sargans sali okha, amakonda kukhala munyanja pagulu lalikulu, kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe atha kufikira zikwi zingapo. Chifukwa cha moyo wakusukulu, nsomba zimasaka mochita bwino, ndipo izi zimawonjezera chitetezo chake pakagwidwa ndi adani.
Zofunika! Ma Sargans amadziwika ndi kusamuka kwakanthawi: masika, nthawi yoswana, amasunthira kufupi ndi gombe, ndipo nthawi yozizira amabwerera kunyanja.
Mwa iwo okha, nsombazi sizimadziwika chifukwa chaukali wawo, koma pamakhala milandu pomwe garfish idavulaza anthu. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika pamene nsomba muvi, mantha kapena khungu ndi kuwala, kudumpha kuchokera m'madzi, pozindikira chopinga mu mawonekedwe a munthu, ndi mphamvu zake zonse kugwera mu izo ndi lakuthwa nsagwada zake.
Ngati garfish imagwidwa ikumazungulira, ndiye kuti nsomba iyi imakana mwamphamvu: kugundana ngati njoka, kuyesera kuti isatuluke, ndipo imatha kuluma. Pachifukwa ichi, asodzi odziwa bwino amalangiza kuti atenge nsomba muvi kumbuyo kwa mutuwo, chifukwa kugwira kotere kumachepetsa chiopsezo chovulazidwa ndi mano ake akuthwa.
Kodi garfish imakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji
Nthawi yokhala ndi moyo pafupifupi zaka 13 kuthengo. Koma pogwira asodzi, nthawi zambiri, pamakhala nsomba zomwe zaka zawo zimakhala zaka 5-9.
Mitundu ya garfish
Banja la garfish limaphatikizapo mitundu 10 ndi mitundu yopitilira khumi ndi iwiri, koma garfish, osati nsomba za m'banjali, amadziwika kuti ndi mitundu iwiri: European kapena common garfish (lat. Belone belone) ndi Sargan Svetovidov (lat. Belone svetovidovi).
- Nsomba zaku Europe. Ndi wamba wokhala m'madzi a Atlantic. Amapezeka pagombe la Africa, komanso ku Mediterranean ndi Black Sea. Black Sea garfish amadziwika kuti ndi subspecies osiyana; amasiyana ndi nsomba zaku Europe za mitundu yaying'ono yaying'ono kwambiri komanso yotchulidwa, yakuda kuposa yawo, mzere kumbuyo.
- Sargan Svetovidova. Amakhala kum'mwera kwa nyanja ya Atlantic. Amapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Atlantic ya Great Britain, Ireland, Spain ndi Portugal, mwina amasambira mpaka Nyanja ya Mediterranean. Chikhalidwe cha mtundu uwu, womwe umasiyanitsa ndi nsomba za ku Europe, ndi kukula kwake kocheperako (Svetovidov's garfish imakula, mpaka 65 cm, ndi European - mpaka 95 cm). Kuphatikiza apo, nsagwada zakumunsi ndizitali kuposa zakumtunda. Mtundu wa sikelo ndi silvery, koma mzere wakuda umayenda motsatira mzere wotsatira. Zipsepse zakumbuyo ndi kumatako zimasamutsidwa kwambiri kupita kumapeto kwa caudal. Zochepa ndizodziwika pazamoyo komanso zakudya zamtunduwu. Zimaganiziridwa kuti moyo wa garfish wa Svetovidov ndi wofanana ndi wa Europeanfish, ndipo amadya nsomba zam'madzi apakatikati.
Pacific garfish, kusambira mchilimwe kukafika kugombe la South Primorye ndikuwonekera ku Peter the Great Bay, si nkhono yeniyeni, chifukwa ndi ya banja lina losiyanasiyana, ngakhale lofanana.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Arrowsfish imakhala m'malo otentha a Atlantic, ndipo imapezeka pagombe la North Africa ndi Europe. Amayendetsa Nyanja ya Mediterranean, Yakuda, Baltic, Kumpoto ndi Barents. Subpecies ya Black Sea imapezekanso munyanja za Azov ndi Marmara.
Malo okhala garfish weniweni amachokera ku Cape Verde kumwera mpaka Norway kumpoto. Mu Nyanja ya Baltic, arrowfish imapezeka paliponse, kupatula madzi amchere pang'ono kumpoto kwa Gulf of Bothnia. Ku Finland, nsomba iyi imapezeka nyengo yotentha, ndipo kukula kwa anthu kumadalira zifukwa monga, mwachitsanzo, kusintha kwa mchere wamadzi ku Baltic.
Nsomba zophunzirira izi sizimangokwera pamwamba ndipo pafupifupi sizitsikira pansi kwambiri. Malo awo okhala ndi magawo apakati amadzi am'nyanja ndi nyanja.
Zakudya za Sargan
Amadyetsa makamaka nsomba zazing'ono, komanso zopanda mafupa, kuphatikizapo mphutsi za mollusk.
Sukulu za garfish zimathamangitsidwa ndi sukulu za nsomba zina monga sprat kapena anchovy yaku Europe. Amatha kusaka ma sardine kapena ma mackerels, komanso ma crustaceans monga amphipods. Pamwamba pa nyanja, muvi nsomba zimatola tizilombo tambiri touluka tomwe tagwera m'madzi, ngakhale sizomwe zimadyera garfish.
Nsomba zam'mivi sizomwe zimakonda kudya, ndiye chifukwa chachikulu chokhala ndi mtundu uwu kwazaka mazana angapo miliyoni.
Pofunafuna chakudya, garfish, kutsatira masukulu osamuka a nsomba zing'onozing'ono, imayenda tsiku lililonse kuchokera kumtunda wakuya kwamadzi kupita kunyanja komanso kusamuka kwakanthawi kuchokera pagombe kupita kunyanja ndi kumbuyo.
Kubereka ndi ana
Nthawi yoswana imayamba masika. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchokera kumalo okhalamo, izi zimachitika m'miyezi yosiyana: ku Mediterranean, kubzala garfish kumayamba mu Marichi, ndi ku North Sea - osati koyambirira kwa Meyi. Nthawi zokolola zimatha kupitilira milungu ingapo, koma nthawi zambiri zimafika pachimake mu Julayi.
Kuti muchite izi, akazi amabwera pagombe pafupi kwambiri kuposa masiku onse, ndipo akuya mita 1 mpaka 15 amaikira mazira pafupifupi 30-50,000, omwe kukula kwake mpaka 3.5 mm m'mimba mwake. Kuberekana kumachitika m'magawo, kumatha kukhala mpaka asanu ndi anayi, ndipo nthawi pakati pawo imatha milungu iwiri.
Zosangalatsa! Dzira lililonse limakhala ndi ulusi wolimba, mothandizidwa ndi mazirawo pamitengo kapena pamiyala.
Mphutsi, osapitirira 15 mm m'litali, imatuluka m'mazira patatha milungu iwiri kuchokera pamene inabala. Izi zapangidwa kale pafupifupi, ngakhale nsomba zazing'ono kwambiri.
Mwachangu ali ndi yolk sac, koma ndi yaying'ono kukula ndipo mphutsi zimadya zomwe zili mkatimo masiku atatu okha. Nsagwada zakumtunda, mosiyana ndi nsagwada zazitali zazitali, ndizachidule mwachangu ndipo zimawonjezeka kutalika pamene nkhanuyo ikukhwima. Zipsepse za mphutsi zitangotuluka m'mazira sizikukula, koma izi sizimakhudza kuyenda kwawo komanso kuzemba.
Mosiyana ndi achikulire omwe ali ndi silvery, mwachangu nsomba zam'mphepete zimakhala zofiirira zamtundu wakuda, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azitha kubisala bwino pansi pamchenga kapena miyala, pomwe nkhanu zazing'ono zimakhala masiku oyamba a moyo wawo. Amadyetsa mphutsi za gastropods, komanso bivalve molluscs.
Kukula msinkhu mwa akazi kumachitika ali ndi zaka zisanu mpaka zisanu ndi chimodzi, ndipo amuna amatha kuswana pafupifupi chaka chimodzi m'mbuyomu.
Adani achilengedwe
Adani akuluakulu a nsombazi ndi dolphin, nsomba zazikuluzikulu zodya nsomba monga tuna kapena bluefish, komanso mbalame zam'nyanja.
Mtengo wamalonda
Sargan amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwa nsomba zokoma kwambiri zomwe zimakhala mu Black Sea. Nthawi ina anali m'modzi mwa mitundu isanu yomwe nsomba zodziwika kwambiri zomwe zinagwidwa ku Crimea. Nthawi yomweyo, anthu akulu kwambiri nthawi zambiri amagwera maukonde osoka, omwe kukula kwake kumafikira pafupifupi mita, ndipo kulemera kwake kumatha kufikira kilogalamu imodzi.
Pakadali pano kupanga nsomba za garfish kumachitika mu Nyanja Yakuda ndi Azov. Makamaka, nsomba iyi imagulitsidwa yozizira kapena yozizira, komanso imasutidwa ndi kuumitsidwa.Mtengo wake ndi wotsika mtengo, koma nthawi yomweyo nyama imakoma kwambiri, ndi yathanzi komanso yathanzi.
Zosangalatsa! Mafupa ofiira a nsomba za muvi amalumikizidwa ndi mtundu wobiriwira wa pigment - biliverdin, osati phosphorous kapena mankhwala ena owopsa amtundu womwewo.
Chifukwa chake pali garfish yophika mwanjira iliyonse, mutha kukhala motetezeka: ilibe vuto lililonse, komanso, siyosiyana ndi mafinya.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Nsomba zaku Europe ndizofala kwambiri ku Atlantic, komanso Black, Mediterranean ndi nyanja zina, koma ndizovuta kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa anthu, monga nsomba zina zophunzirira. Komabe, kupezeka kwa zikwi zambiri za nsombazi kumawonetsa kuti sakuwopsezedwa kuti atha. Pakadali pano, garfish wamba wapatsidwa udindo: "Mitundu Yosasamala Kwambiri." Sargan Svetovidova, mwachiwonekere, alinso wopambana, ngakhale kuchuluka kwake sikokulirapo.
Sargan ndi nsomba yodabwitsa, yosiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe ake, omwe amawoneka ngati abuluzi omwe atha, komanso mawonekedwe ake, makamaka mawonekedwe amtundu wobiriwira achilendo. Mthunzi wa mafupa a nsombazi ukhoza kuwoneka wachilendo komanso wowopsa. Koma garfish ndi yokoma komanso yathanzi, chifukwa chake, chifukwa cha tsankho, simuyenera kusiya mwayi woyesa zokoma zopangidwa ndi nyama ya nsomba.
