Ma carps a Koi, kapena ma carps, ndi nsomba zokongoletsa zoweta zomwe zimapangidwa kuchokera ku Amur subspecies (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus) wa carp wamba (Cyprinus carpio). Brocade carp imaphatikizapo nsomba zomwe zadutsa zisankho zisanu ndi chimodzi ndipo zapatsidwa gawo lina. Masiku ano, mitundu yambiri ya koi imapezeka ku Japan, koma mitundu khumi ndi inayi yokha yamitundu yayikulu imawonedwa ngati muyeso.
Kufotokozera, mawonekedwe
Mukasanthula koi carp, chidwi chachikulu chimaperekedwa pamalamulo a nsomba, mawonekedwe am'mutu ndi zipsepse, komanso kuchuluka kwake. Zokonda zimaperekedwa kwa akazi okhala ndi thupi lamphamvu. Amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala pamlingo wamtundu womwe samalandila mwayi wopeza voliyumu yofunikira. Kukula kwake ndi zipsepse zake ziyenera kukhala molingana ndi thupi. Mutu wa koi sungakhale waufupi kwambiri, wautali kwambiri, kapena wopindika mbali imodzi.
Khungu ndi mawonekedwe ake ndizofunikanso pofufuza koi carp. Nsombazo ziyenera kukhala zakuya komanso zowoneka bwino. Khungu liyenera kukhala lowala bwino. Zokonda zimaperekedwa kuzitsanzo zokhala ndi malo owoneka bwino komanso owoneka bwino. Kupezeka kwa madera "olemera" amtundu wakutsogolo, kumchira kapena pakati pathupi sikuvomerezeka. Pazitsanzo zazikulu kwambiri, zojambulazo ziyenera kukhala zazikulu mokwanira.
Mukamayesa koi, munthu ayenera kuganizira momwe mawonekedwe amafunikira mtundu uliwonse, komanso kuthekera kwa carp kudzidalira m'madzi ndikusambira bwino.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Malo achilengedwe a koi carp amaimiridwa ndi mayiwe. Nthawi yomweyo, mtundu wamadzi m'madamu ngati amenewa ndiofunika kwambiri. Zachidziwikire, nsomba zotere, mosiyana ndi makolo awo, zikukhala lero m'madamu oyera komanso ampweya wabwino. Koi amamva bwino kwambiri pakuya masentimita 50, koma nsomba zowala komanso zowoneka bwino sizitsika kuposa mita imodzi ndi theka.
Mitundu ya Koi carp
Masiku ano, pali mitundu yopitilira khumi ndi itatu yokha ya koi, yomwe, kuti ikhale yosavuta, igawika m'magulu khumi ndi asanu ndi limodzi. Oimira maguluwa amaphatikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe ofanana:
- Kohaku ndi nsomba yoyera yokhala ndi yunifolomu yofiira kapena yofiira ya lalanje yokhala ndi malire omveka bwino. Pali mitundu isanu ndi inayi ya kohaku potengera mtundu wa mawonekedwe;
- Taisho Sanshoku - koi carp yoyera ngati matalala ndi mawanga ofiira ndi akuda pachiyero;
- Showa Sanshoku ndi mtundu wodziwika bwino wakuda wakuda wokhala ndi mawonekedwe oyera ndi ofiira;
- Utsurimono ndi mitundu yosangalatsa ya black koi carp yokhala ndi mitundu yambiri yamitundu;
- Bekko ndi carp wa koi wokhala ndi thupi lofiira, lalanje, loyera kapena lachikaso, pomwe mawanga akuda amapezeka;
- Tancho ndi mtundu wokhala ndi malo ofiira pamutu. Mitundu yokhala ndi malo ozungulira ndiyofunika kwambiri;
- Asagi - koi carps yokhala ndi masikelo abuluu ndi imvi kumbuyo ndi mimba yofiira kapena lalanje;
- Shusui - mtundu wa galasi carp wokhala ndi mizere iwiri ya masikelo akulu, omwe amapezeka kuyambira kumutu mpaka kumchira;
- Koromo - nsomba zomwe zimawoneka ngati kohaku mwakuwoneka, koma mawanga ofiira ndi ofiira akuda amadziwika ndi mapangidwe amdima;
- Knginrin - carps, amitundu yosiyana ndi kupezeka kwa pearlescent ndi kusefukira kwamagolide, komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe amiyeso;
- Kavarimono - oimira carp, omwe pazifukwa zingapo sangakhale chifukwa cha mitundu yomwe ilipo kale;
- Ogon - koi carps okhala ndi mtundu wambiri wa monochromatic, koma pali nsomba zofiira, lalanje ndi zachikasu, komanso imvi;
- Hikari-moyomono - nsomba zokongoletsera, zodziwika ndi kukhalapo kwachitsulo chosalala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana;
- Gosiki - mitundu yakuda ya carp, yomwe imatulutsa utoto wachikaso, wofiira kapena wabuluu;
- Kumonryu - "nsomba za chinjoka" zamtundu wakuda, zodziwika ndi kupezeka kwa mawanga oyera amitundu yosiyanasiyana;
- Doitsu-goi ndi mitundu yomwe ilibe mamba kapena ili ndi mizere ingapo yamiyeso yayikulu kwambiri.
Oimira mitundu yonse amawoneka osangalatsa osati m'malo osungira okha, komanso akasupe amakono akumatauni okhala ndi kuyatsa kokongoletsa.
Sizikudziwika mtundu wa koi wa chiwindi chachitali, koma munthuyu adakwanitsa kukhala zaka 226, ndipo chachikulu kwambiri chinali chojambula, chomwe chinali ndi kutalika kwa 153 cm ndi kulemera kopitilira 45 kg.
Kusunga koi carp
Ngakhale kuti maiwe oyera ali oyenera kuswana koi carp, akatswiri ambiri akumidzi ndi akunja amatha kusunga nsomba zokongoletsera zokongolazi kunyumba.
Kukonzekera kwa aquarium, voliyumu
Ma carro a Koi ndi nsomba zokongoletsa modzichepetsa, ndipo chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kuperekedwa ku kuyera kwa malo am'madzi, momwe amafunira kwambiri. Makina othamanga am'madzi sofunikira, koma kusintha kwa sabata kuyenera kuwerengera pafupifupi 30% yazomwe zili m'madzi am'madzi.
Pakubzala koi, tikulimbikitsidwa kugula malo okhala ndi madzi okwanira pafupifupi malita 500 okhala ndi kusefera kwamphamvu komanso kosasintha kwamaonekedwe azosefera zakunja. Kukhalitsa kwamadzi ndi mpweya ndichofunikira kuti nyama zonse zizisungidwa kunyumba. PH yabwino kwambiri ndi 7.0-7.5 (malingaliro osalowerera ndale). Koi amakhala omasuka pamadzi otentha a 15-30zaKUCHOKERA.
Ma carps owala komanso owoneka bwino amawoneka opindulitsa makamaka mdima wakuda ndi monochromatic, womwe uyenera kuganiziridwa posankha njira yam'madzi yosungira nsomba zotere.
Kukongoletsa, zomera
Nthaka ya aquarium itha kuyimiriridwa ndi mchenga wapakatikati kapena wabwino. Mauthenga onse apansi ayenera kukhala otetezeka bwino ndi silicone yapadera ndikuphimbidwa ndi mchenga. Zomera zochuluka ndi zokongoletsa zowala sizikhala zabwino kwa koi. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kukongoletsa miphika ndi maluwa am'madzi kapena zomera zina, zomwe zimatha kupachikidwa kutalika kwa masentimita 10-15 kuchokera pansi.
Pazosunga ma aquarium, ma koi carps samakula kukula kwambiri, chifukwa chake kutalika kwawo kumakhala masentimita 25-35 okha.
Khalidwe, khalidwe
Ma carcade carps ndi nsomba zamtendere zam'madzi, kuzisunga ngati ziweto sizovuta kapena zovuta. Akatswiri azinthu zam'madzi okhala m'madzi nthawi zambiri amakhulupirira kuti nsomba zokongoletserazi ndizanzeru, zimatha kuzindikira mwini wawo ndikuzolowera mawu ake.
Ngati njira yodyetsera imaperekedwera pafupipafupi ndikumveka kofewa ngati galasi, ndiye kuti ma koi carps adzawakumbukira ndipo amayankha mwachangu nthawi yakudya.
Zakudya, zakudya
Zinyama zokongoletsera ndizapadera, choncho chakudya chawo cha tsiku ndi tsiku chiyenera kuphatikiza zakudya zamasamba ndi nyama. Zakudya zachilengedwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudyetsa koi carp zimaphatikizapo ma bloodworms, tadpoles ang'onoang'ono, ma earthworms, ndi frog caviar. Ndi chakudya chomwe chimakhala ndi mapuloteni ambiri ofunikira pakukula ndikukula kwathunthu kwa oimira onse a carp.
Tisaiwale kuti nkoletsedwa kudyetsa nsomba zokongoletsera m'magawo akulu kwambiri, chifukwa chake akatswiri amalimbikitsa kupereka chakudya nthawi zambiri, koma pang'ono pang'ono (pafupifupi katatu kapena kanayi patsiku). Chakudya chomwe sichidadyedwe ndi aquarium carp chimaola msanga m'madzi ndikupangitsa kuti matenda azovuta kuchiza mu nsomba. Monga machitidwe akuwonetsera, ndizotheka kuti musadyetse koi carp kwa sabata imodzi.
Kusala kudya pafupipafupi kumathandizira thanzi la ziweto, ndipo kuchuluka kwa chakudya tsiku lililonse sikuyenera kupitirira 3% ya kulemera kwake kwa nsomba.
Ngakhale
Nsomba zina zambiri zam'madzi am'madzi am'madzi akuwoneka osavuta komanso osasunthika poyang'ana mtundu wokongola wa koi. Ma carps osungidwa m'madontho otseguka kupita m'madzi am'madzi am'madzi am'mbuyomu amachita zinthu mosamala komanso mwamantha, koma achinyamata amatha kusintha mosavuta komanso mwachangu. Njira zosinthira izi zitha kupitilizidwa ndikubzala zokoma, plekostomus, catfish ndi trout, mollies, goldfish, minnows, ma platies ndi sunch to carp.
Kubereka ndi ana
Ndizosatheka kudziwa kugonana kwa koi carps mpaka atakula. Nsomba zotere zimayamba kutulutsa, monga lamulo, zafika kutalika kwa masentimita 23-25. Zizindikiro zazikulu zakusiyana pakati pa amuna ndi akazi zimaphatikizapo kupezeka kwa zipsepse zakuthwa zowoneka bwino kwambiri mwa amuna. Akazi ali ndi thupi "lolemera", lomwe limafotokozedwa mosavuta ndikufunika kwakukulu kwa kudzikundikira kwa michere yofunikira kuti magwiridwe antchito a oocyte azigwira bwino.
Pofika nyengo yadzakwatirana, ma tubercles amawonekera pachikuto cha amuna. Ma carps okhala m'malo amadziwe nthawi zambiri amayamba kubalalika mzaka khumi zapitazi kapena kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Kutentha kokwanira kwakubala kumakhala pafupifupi 20zaC. Odyetsa akatswiri amaphatikiza mkazi mmodzi kwa amuna awiri kapena atatu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azitha kupeza ana apamwamba kwambiri okhala ndi mtundu wokongola. Chakudya chambiri chambiri chimaphatikizidwa pazakudya za koi pokonzekera kubereka.
Akuluakulu amadziwika ndi kudya mazira ndi mwachangu, chifukwa chake amayenera kuikidwa mumtsinje wina atangobereka. Pakadutsa sabata limodzi, mazira amawoneka mwachangu, omwe amalumikizidwa nthawi yomweyo ndi pedi yolimba pamutu mpaka m'mphepete mwa dziwe. Patatha masiku angapo, achikulire mwachangu amatha kusambira momasuka pamtunda, nthawi ndi nthawi akutuluka kumbuyo kwa mpweya.
Matenda amtundu
Ngati malamulo akusunga aphwanyidwa, chitetezo cha koi carps chimachepetsedwa kwambiri, chomwe chimayambitsa matenda:
- carp pox ndi matenda omwe amayamba ndi kachilombo ka herpes. Zizindikiro: kuwonekera kwa zotupa za sera pathupi ndi zipsepse, zomwe chiwerengero chake chikukula mofulumira;
- masika viremia a cyprinids (SVC) ndi matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha ascites. Zizindikiro: Kutupa kwa thupi ndikusambira chikhodzodzo ndikutupa komanso kutuluka magazi.
Protozoal majeremusi a koi wamba carp:
- gofherellosis;
- cryptobiosis;
- matenda a mafupa;
- chylodonellosis;
- ichthyophthiriosis.
Matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha bakiteriya ndi pseudonos ndi aeromonos, komanso carp epitheliocystosis. Matendawa amatsagana ndi septicemia yotuluka magazi, zotupa zowoneka bwino, kupuma movutikira, ndi kufa mwadzidzidzi kwa nsombayo.
Ndemanga za eni
Malinga ndi zomwe eni a koi awona, oimira choyambirira a cyprinids, malinga ndi malamulo onse osunga ukapolo, amatha kukhala zaka 20 mpaka 35, ndipo anthu ena amakhala ndi moyo kwa theka la zaka zana, kusunga zochitika zawo mpaka masiku otsiriza.
M'malo mokhala ndi m'mimba, nsomba zokongoletsa zimakhala ndi matumbo ataliatali omwe sangadzazidwe ndi chakudya chimodzi, choncho nyama zonse zakutchire zimakakamizidwa kufunafuna chakudya. Komabe, ndizosatheka kuthana ndi koi zoweta. Chakudya chambiri komanso chambiri chimayambitsa kunenepa kwambiri ndipo chimatha kupha chiweto chanu.
Japan idakhala dziko la koi carp, koma nsomba zokongola komanso zazikulu motero zidakwanitsa kuzolowera bwino madera aku Russia. Kuti nyengo ya koi ikhale yozizira bwino pamalo osungira, kuya kwake kuyenera kukhala osachepera mita zingapo. Mtundu wa Koi siwo wokhawo wokhazikitsira mtengo wa nsomba zokongoletsera. Maonekedwe a thupi, mawonekedwe a khungu ndi masikelo ndizofunikanso, chifukwa chake masiku ano koi sanapangidwenso ndi ma aquarists ambiri masiku ano.
