Lero, pali mitundu yambiri yazamoyo zosiyanasiyana yomwe imakhala kumadera akumpoto, ndi kutsidya kwa Arctic Circle, m'malo omwe pafupifupi chisanu chamuyaya chimalamulira, palinso anthu, omwe amaimiridwa ndi mbalame ndi nyama zina. Thupi lawo latha kusinthasintha nyengo, komanso zakudya zinazake.
Zinyama
Kuyenda kosatha kwa Arctic yolimba kumasiyana ndi zipululu zokutidwa ndi chipale chofewa, mphepo yozizira kwambiri ndi madzi oundana. Mvula yamvula m'malo otere ndiyosowa kwambiri, ndipo kuwala kwa dzuwa sikungalowe mumdima wakumadzulo kwa miyezi ingapo. Zinyama zomwe zimakhalapo ngati izi zimakakamizidwa kukhala nthawi yovuta yozizira pakati pa chipale chofewa ndi matalala omwe amayaka ndi kuzizira.
Nkhandwe, kapena nkhandwe
Oimira ang'onoang'ono amtundu wa nkhandwe (Alopex lagopus) akhala m'dera la Arctic kwanthawi yayitali. Olanda nyama ochokera kubanja la Canidae amafanana ndi nkhandwe m'maonekedwe awo. Kutalika kwa thupi la nyama yayikulu kumasiyanasiyana pakati pa 50-75 cm, ndi mchira wa 25-30 cm ndi kutalika kwake kufota kwa 20-30 cm. 9.0 makilogalamu. Akazi ndi ochepa kwambiri. Nkhandwe ya ku Arctic ili ndi thupi lonyansa, chofupikitsa chakumaso ndi makutu ozungulira omwe amatuluka pang'ono pa malaya, omwe amaletsa chisanu.
Chimbalangondo choyera, kapena choyera
Chimbalangondo chakumpoto ndi nyama yakumpoto (Ursus maritimus) yochokera kubanja la Bear, wachibale wapamtima wa chimbalangondo chofiirira komanso wolusa wamkulu padziko lapansi. Kutalika kwa thupi lanyama kumafika mamita 3.0 ndikulemera mpaka tani. Amuna akuluakulu amalemera pafupifupi 450-500 kg, ndipo akazi ndi ochepa kwambiri. Kutalika kwa nyama ikamafota kumasiyana nthawi zambiri pamasentimita 130-150. Oimira mitunduyo amadziwika ndi mutu wopindika komanso khosi lalitali, ndipo tsitsi losunthika limatha kupatsira kunyezimira kwa UV kokha, komwe kumapangitsa kuti nyama yolombayo izisungunulira tsitsi.
Zikhala zosangalatsa: chifukwa zimbalangondo zakumtunda ndizopanda
Nyalugwe wam'nyanja
Oimira mitundu yazisindikizo zowona (Hydrurga leptonyx) amatchedwa dzina lachilendo pakhungu loyambirira komanso machitidwe owononga nyama. Chisindikizo cha kambuku chimakhala ndi thupi lopendekeka lomwe limalola kuti lizitha kuthamanga kwambiri m'madzi. Mutu umatambasulidwa, ndipo patsogolo pake pamakhala patali kwambiri, chifukwa chake kayendetsedwe kake kamachitika ndi nkhonya zolimba. Kutalika kwa thupi la nyama yayikulu ndi mamita 3.0-4.0. Mbali yakumtunda yamtundu wakuda ndi imvi, ndipo gawo lakumunsi limasiyanitsidwa ndi utoto wonyezimira. Mawanga akuda amapezeka mbali ndi mutu.
Bighorn nkhosa, kapena chubuk
Artiodactyl (Ovis nivicola) ndi amtundu wa nkhosa. Nyama yotere imakhala ndi kukula kwakukulu komanso yomanga, khosi lakuda ndi lalifupi, ndi mutu wawung'ono wokhala ndi makutu amfupi. Miyendo yamphongo ndi yolimba osati yayitali. Kutalika kwa thupi lamwamuna wamkulu kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 140-188, kutalika kwake kumafota pakati pa masentimita 76-112 ndi thupi lopitilira 56-150 kg. Akazi achikulire ndi ocheperako pang'ono kuposa amuna. Maselo a diploid omwe amaimira mitunduyi ali ndi ma chromosomes 52, omwe ndi ocheperako kuposa mitundu ina yonse yamphongo yamakono.
Ng'ombe ya musk
Nyama yayikulu yopanda ungwiro (Ovibos moschatus) ndi yamtundu wa ng'ombe zamtundu ndi banja la Bovids. Kutalika kwa achikulire kumafota ndi 132-138 masentimita, ndi kuchuluka kwa makilogalamu 260-650. Kulemera kwazimayi nthawi zambiri sikupitilira 55-60% ya kulemera kwamwamuna. Ng'ombe ya musk imakhala ndi hump-nape m'dera lamapewa, ndikudutsa kumbuyo kopapatiza. Miyendo ndi yaying'ono kukula, yolimba, yokhala ndi ziboda zazikulu komanso zozungulira. Mutu wake ndiwotalika komanso wokulirapo, wokhala ndi nyanga zakuthwa komanso zozungulira zomwe zimamera munyama mpaka zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Chovala chaubweya chimayimiriridwa ndi tsitsi lalitali komanso lakuda, lomwe limakhala pansi mpaka pansi.
Kalulu wa Arctic
Kalulu (Lepus arcticus), yemwe kale amawerengedwa ngati subspecies wa oyera kalulu, koma lero amadziwika ngati mtundu wosiyana. Nyamayi imakhala ndi mchira waung'ono komanso woterera, komanso miyendo yayitali, yamphamvu yamphongo yomwe imalola kalulu kudumpha mosavuta ngakhale chipale chofewa. Makutu ofupikira amathandizira kuchepetsa kutentha, ndipo ubweya wambiri umalola nzika zakumpoto kupirira kuzizira koopsa mosavuta. Zakudya zazitali komanso zowongoka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kalulu kudyetsa masamba ochepa komanso achisanu.
Chisindikizo cha Weddell
Woyimira banja la zisindikizo zowona (Leptonychotes weddellii) ndi wa nyama zosafalikira kwambiri komanso zazikulu zanyama zazikulu. Kutalika kwakutali ndi mamita 3.5. Nyamayo imatha kukhala pansi pamadzi pafupifupi ola limodzi, ndipo chisindikizo chimatenga chakudya chokhala ngati nsomba ndi cephalopods pakuya mamita 750-800. Zisindikizo za Weddell nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi ma canine kapena ma incisors, omwe amafotokozedwa ndikuti adapanga mabowo apadera kudzera mu ayezi wachichepere.
Wolverine
Nyama yoyamwa (Gulo gulo) ndi ya banja la weasel. Nyama yayikulu kwambiri, kukula kwake m'banja, ndi yocheperako ndi otter wam'nyanja. Kulemera kwa munthu wamkulu ndi 11-19 kg, koma akazi ndi ocheperako poyerekeza ndi amuna. Kutalika kwa thupi kumasiyanasiyana mkati mwa 70-86 cm, ndi mchira kutalika kwa masentimita 18-23. Mwakuwoneka, wolverine nthawi zambiri amafanana ndi mbira kapena chimbalangondo chokhala ndi squat komanso thupi lovuta, miyendo yayifupi komanso wopindika kumbuyo wopindika. Chikhalidwe cha chilombocho ndi kupezeka kwa zikhadabo zazikulu ndi zolumikizidwa.
Mbalame za Kumpoto
Oimira nthenga ambiri kumpoto amakhala omasuka munyengo yanyengo komanso nyengo. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe achilengedwe, mitundu yoposa zana yamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame imatha kukhala ndi moyo pafupifupi m'dera lozizira kwambiri. Malire akumwera kwa dera la Arctic amagwirizana ndi dera lamapiri. M'nyengo yotentha yakumadzulo, ndipamene pali mamiliyoni angapo a mbalame zosiyanasiyana zosamuka komanso zopanda ndege.
Mbalame zam'madzi
Oimira ambiri amtundu wa mbalame (Larus) ochokera kubanja la Gull, samangokhala m'nyanja yokha, komanso amakhala m'matupi amadzi am'madera omwe amakhala anthu. Mitundu yambiri imagawidwa ngati mbalame zofananira. Nthawi zambiri, mbalame yam'madzi ndi mbalame yayikulu mpaka yaying'ono yokhala ndi nthenga zoyera kapena imvi, nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zolemba zakuda pamutu kapena mapiko. Chimodzi mwazinthu zofunikira kwambiri chimayimiriridwa ndi mulomo wolimba, wokhota pang'ono kumapeto, ndi nembanemba zosambira bwino pamiyendo.
Tsekwe zoyera
Mbalame zazikuluzikulu zosamuka (Anser caerulescens) kuchokera kumtundu wa atsekwe (Anser) ndi banja la bakha (Anatidae) amadziwika ndi nthenga zoyera kwambiri. Thupi la munthu wamkulu limakhala lalitali masentimita 60-75. Unyinji wa mbalame yotere sikuposa makilogalamu 3.0. Mapiko a tsekwe woyera ndi pafupifupi masentimita 145 mpaka 155. Mtundu wakuda wa mbalame yakumpoto umakhala kuzungulira kokha pakamwa ndi kumapeto kwa mapiko. Zoyipa ndi milomo ya mbalame zotere ndizapinki. Nthawi zambiri mbalame zazikulu zimakhala ndi mtundu wachikaso wagolide.
Whooper swan
Mbalame yayikulu yam'madzi (Cygnus cygnus) yamtundu wa bakha imakhala ndi thupi lokhalitsa komanso khosi lalitali, komanso miyendo yayifupi, yobwereranso. Kutsika kwakukulu kumapezeka m'mapiko a mbalameyi. Mlomo wachikasu wa mandimu uli ndi nsonga yakuda. Nthenga ndi zoyera. Achinyamata amasiyanitsidwa ndi nthenga zaimvi zosalala ndi mdima wakuda. Amuna ndi akazi powoneka pafupifupi samasiyana wina ndi mnzake.
Eider
Oimira nthenga za mtunduwo (Somateria) ndi am'banja la bakha. Mbalame zoterezi zimagwirizanitsidwa lero kukhala mitundu itatu ya abakha akuluakulu osambira, omwe amakhala makamaka mdera la Arctic ndi tundra. Mitundu yonse imadziwika ndi mlomo woboola pakati wokhala ndi marigold yayikulu, yomwe imakhala kumtunda konse kwa milomo. Pammbali pambali ya mulomo, pali notch yakuya yokutidwa ndi nthenga. Mbalameyi imabwera m'mphepete mwa nyanja kokha kuti ipumule ndi kubereka.
Guillemot yolimba kwambiri
Mbalame yam'nyanja ya Alcidae (Uria lomvia) ndi mitundu yayikulu kwambiri. Mbalameyi imakhala yolemera pafupifupi kilogalamu imodzi ndi theka, ndipo mawonekedwe ake amafanana ndi guillemot yoonda kwambiri. Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu kumayimilidwa ndi mulomo wokulirapo wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yoyera, nthenga zakuda bii zakuda kumtunda komanso kusowa kwa utoto waimvi m'mbali mwa thupi. Ma guillemots okhwima nthawi zambiri amakhala akulu kwambiri kuposa ma guillemot oonda kwambiri.
Antarctic tern
Mbalame yakumpoto (Sterna vittata) ndi ya banja lachinyama (Laridae) ndi dongosolo la Charadriiformes. Nyengo ya Arctic tern imasamuka chaka chilichonse kuchokera ku Arctic kupita ku Antarctic. Woimira wamitengo yaying'ono ngati mtundu wa Krachki ali ndi thupi lokwanira masentimita 31-38 cm. Mlomo wa mbalame wamkulu ndi wofiira kapena wakuda. Ana akuluakulu amakhala ndi nthenga zoyera, ndipo anapiye amadziwika ndi nthenga zakuda. Pali nthenga zakuda kudera lamutu.
White, kapena kadzidzi polar
Mbalame yosawerengeka kwambiri (Bubo scandiacus, Nyctea scandiaca) ndi m'gulu lanthenga zazikuluzikulu kwambiri zamtchire. Mitundu ya polar imakhala ndi mutu wozungulira komanso wonyezimira wachikasu. Zazikazi zazikulu ndizokulirapo kuposa amuna okhwima ogonana, ndipo mapiko a mbalameyo amakhala pafupifupi masentimita 142-166. Akuluakulu amadziwika ndi nthenga zoyera zokhala ndi mizere yakuda yodutsa, yomwe imapereka chithunzi chabwino kwambiri cha chilombocho ngakhale chisanu.
Partridge waku Arctic
Ptarmigan (Lagopus lagopus) ndi mbalame yochokera m'banja laling'ono la grouse komanso dongosolo la nkhuku. Pakati pa nkhuku zina zambiri, ndi ptarmigan yemwe amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa nyengo yotchedwa dimorphism. Mtundu wa mbalameyi umasiyana malinga ndi nyengo. Nthenga za mbalameyi zimakhala zoyera, zokhala ndi nthenga zakuda za mchira ndi miyendo yolimba nthenga. Pofika masika, khosi ndi mutu wamwamuna umakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira njerwa, mosiyana kwambiri ndi nthenga zoyera za thupi.
Zokwawa ndi amphibiya
Nyengo yovuta kwambiri ku Arctic siyilola kufalikira kwakukulu kwa nyama zosiyanasiyana zamagazi, kuphatikizapo zokwawa ndi amphibiya. Nthawi yomweyo, madera akumpoto asandulika malo okhala mitundu inayi ya abuluzi.
Viviparous buluzi
Chokwawa chokhwima (Zootoca vivipara) ndi cha banja abuluzi Owona ndi mtundu wa monotypic abuluzi a Forest (Zootoca). Kwa kanthawi, chokwawa ngati ichi chinali cha abuluu abuluu a Green (Lacerta). Nyama yosambira bwino imakhala ndi kukula kwa thupi pakati pa 15-18 cm, yomwe pafupifupi 10-11 cm imagwera mchira. Mtundu wa thupi ndi lofiirira, wokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda yomwe imafalikira mbali komanso pakati kumbuyo. Mbali yakumunsi ya thupi ndiyotetemera, yokhala ndi ubweya wachikaso wachikaso, wofiira ndi njerwa kapena utoto wa lalanje. Amuna amtunduwu ali ndi malamulo ocheperako komanso owala.
Siberia yatsopano
Newt wa miyendo inayi (Salamandrella keyerlingii) ndiwodziwika kwambiri m'banja la salamander. Wamkulu wa mchira wa amphibian amakhala ndi kukula kwa thupi kwa masentimita 12-13, omwe ochepera theka ali mchira. Nyamayo ili ndi mutu wokutalala komanso wopindika, komanso mchira wothinikizika pambuyo pake, womwe ulibe matumba achikopa. Mtundu wa reptile uli ndi utoto wofiirira kapena bulauni wokhala ndi timatumba ting'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono tolowera kumbuyo.
Semirechensky achule
Dzungarian newt (Ranodon sibiricus) ndi tailed amphibian wochokera kubanja la salamander (Hynobiidae). Mitundu yomwe ili pangozi komanso yosowa kwambiri masiku ano imakhala ndi kutalika kwa 15-18 cm, koma anthu ena amafika kukula kwa masentimita 20, pomwe mchirawo umangopitilira theka. Kulemera kwakuthupi kwa munthu wokhwima pogonana kumatha kusiyanasiyana pakati pa 20-25 g. Kumbali ya thupi kuli masamba 11 mpaka 13 a intercostal komanso owoneka bwino. Mchira umapanikizika pambuyo pake ndipo umakhala ndi khola lotukuka m'chigawo chakumbuyo. Mtundu wa reptile umasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku bulauni wachikaso mpaka wakuda azitona komanso wobiriwira wobiriwira, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawanga.
Chule wamtengo
Amphibian wopanda mchira (Rana sylvatica) amatha kuundana mpaka kuzizira m'nyengo yozizira. Wamoyo wa amphibiya mdziko lino samapuma, ndipo mtima ndi kayendedwe ka magazi zimayima. Pakutentha, chule "amasungunuka" m'malo mwachangu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zibwerere m'moyo wabwinobwino. Oimira mitunduyo amasiyanitsidwa ndi maso akulu, mphuno yowonekera bwino kwambiri, komanso dera lofiirira, imvi, lalanje, pinki, bulauni kapena mdima wobiriwira kumbuyo. Chiyambi chachikulu chimaphatikizidwa ndi mawanga akuda kapena akuda.
Nsomba za ku Arctic
Kwa madera ozizira kwambiri padziko lathu lapansi, osati mitundu yambiri ya mbalame zokha zomwe zimapezeka, komanso nyama zam'madzi zosiyanasiyana. Madzi aku Arctic amakhala ndi ma walrus ndi zisindikizo, mitundu ingapo ya cetacean kuphatikiza anamgumi a baleen, narwhals, anamgumi opha ndi anamgumi a beluga, ndi mitundu ingapo ya nsomba. Zonsezi, gawo la ayezi ndi chisanu kumakhala mitundu yopitilira mazana anayi ya nsomba.
Mpweya wa Arctic
Nsomba zopangidwa ndi Ray (Salvelinus alpinus) ndi am'banja la saumoni, ndipo amaimiridwa ndi mitundu yambiri: anadromous, lacustrine-river ndi lacustrine char. Maphwando anadromous ndi akulu komanso otuluka mumtundu, ali ndi mdima wabuluu kumbuyo ndi mbali, wokutidwa ndi kuwala komanso mawanga akulu. Kufalikira kwanyanja ya arctic char ndizodya zomwe zimadya ndikudyetsa m'madzi. Mitundu yamitsinje ya Lacustrine imadziwika ndi thupi laling'ono. Pakadali pano, anthu okhala ku Arctic char akuchepa.
Nsomba za Polar
Somniosid shark (Somniosidae) ndi am'mabanja a shark komanso dongosolo la katraniformes, lomwe limakhala ndi mibadwo isanu ndi iwiri ndi mitundu pafupifupi khumi ndi iwiri. Malo achilengedwe ndim'madzi ozizira kwambiri komanso amchere m'nyanja zilizonse. Nsombazi zimakhala m'mapiri a kontinenti ndi zilumba, komanso mashelufu ndi madzi otseguka m'nyanja. Nthawi yomweyo, kukula kwakukulu kwa thupi sikudutsa mita 6.4. Mitsempha kumapeto kwa dorsal fin nthawi zambiri imakhalapo, ndipo notch imadziwika m'mphepete mwa lobe wapamwamba wa fin caudal.
Saika, kapena cod polar
Nsomba zam'madzi ozizira ku Arctic ndi nsomba za cryopelagic (Boreogadus saida) ndi za banja la cod (Gadidae) komanso dongosolo la codfish (Gadiformes). Lero ndi mitundu yokhayo yamtundu wa Saeks (Boreogadus). Thupi la munthu wamkulu limatha kutalika mpaka 40 cm, ndikuchepera kwambiri kumchira. Mapeto a caudal amadziwika ndi notch yakuya. Mutu ndi wawukulu, ndikutulutsa nsagwada m'munsi pang'ono, maso akulu ndi tinyanga tating'ono pamlingo wa chibwano. Gawo lakumutu la mutu ndi kumbuyo ndizofiirira, pomwe mimba ndi mbali zimakhala zotuwa.
Eel-pout
Nsomba zamchere zamchere (Zoarces viviparus) ndi za banja la eelpout komanso dongosolo la maumboni. Nyama yam'madzi imakhala ndi thupi lokwanira masentimita 50-52, koma nthawi zambiri kukula kwa munthu wamkulu sikudutsa masentimita 28-30. Zipsepse zamkati ndi zapambuyo zimalumikizana ndi kumapeto kwa caudal.
Msuzi wa Pacific
Nsomba zopangidwa ndi ray (Clupea pallasii) ndi za banja la herring (Clupeidae) ndipo ndi nsomba zamtengo wapatali zamalonda. Oimira mitunduyo amasiyanitsidwa ndi kukula kochepa kwa keel wam'mimba, komwe kumawoneka bwino pakati pa nthako ndi m'chiuno. Kawirikawiri nsomba zophunzirira za pelagic zimadziwika ndi zochitika zolimbitsa thupi komanso kusunthira limodzi nthawi zonse kuchokera nyengo yachisanu ndi malo odyera kupita kumadera obala.
Haddock
Nsomba zopangidwa ndi ray (Melanogrammus aeglefinus) ndi ya banja la cod (Gadidae) ndi mtundu wa monotypic Melanogrammus.Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu kumasiyanasiyana mkati mwa 100-110 cm, koma kukula kwake mpaka 50-75 cm kumakhala kofanana, ndikulemera kwapakati pa 2-3 kg. Thupi la nsombalo ndilokwera kwambiri ndipo limakhala lofewa pang'ono m'mbali. Msana ndi imvi yakuda ndi mtambo wofiirira kapena wa lilac. Mbalizo zimakhala zowala kwambiri, zokhala ndi utoto wa siliva, ndipo m'mimba mwake muli utoto wosalala kapena wamkaka. Pali mzere wakuda wakuda pa thupi la haddock, pansipa pomwe pali malo akulu akuda kapena akuda.
Nelma
Nsombazi (Stenodus leucichthys nelma) ndi za banja la salmon ndipo ndi gawo lina la nsomba zoyera. Madzi amchere kapena nsomba zapakatikati za nsomba zotchedwa Salmoniformes zimafika kutalika kwa masentimita 120-130, ndikulemera thupi lokwanira 48-50 kg. Mitundu yamtengo wapatali kwambiri ya nsomba zamalonda ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino masiku ano. Nelma amasiyana ndi ena am'banja mwapadera mawonekedwe amkamwa, omwe amapatsa nsomba iyi mawonekedwe owononga, poyerekeza ndi mitundu yofananira.
Arctic omul
Nsomba zamalonda zamalonda (lat. Koregonus autumnalis) ndi amtundu wa whitefish ndi banja la saumoni. Nsomba zodyera zakumpoto zimadya m'madzi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Arctic. Kutalika kwa thupi la munthu wamkulu kumafika 62-64 cm, ndikulemera kwama 2.8-3.0 kg, koma pali anthu akuluakulu. Nyama yodziwika bwino yam'madzi imagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yayikulu yayikulu ya benthic crustaceans, komanso ana komanso zooplankton zazing'ono.
Akangaude
Arachnids ali ndi ziweto zomwe zimawonetsa kuthekera kwakukulu pakukula kwachilengedwe cha Arctic. Nyama za ku Arctic zimaimiridwa osati ndi mitundu ingapo ya mitundu yokhayo ya akangaude omwe amalowa kuchokera kumwera, komanso mitundu ya Arthropods - hypoarcts, komanso hemiarcts ndi evarkt. Mitundu yambiri yam'mwera ndi yakumwera imakhala ndi akangaude osiyanasiyana, osiyana kukula, njira zosakira komanso kugawa biotopic.
Oreoneta
Oimira mtundu wina wa akangaude omwe ali m'banja la Linyphiidae. Arachnid arthropod yotere idafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1894, ndipo lero mitundu pafupifupi khumi ndi itatu yadziwika kuti idapangidwa ndi mtunduwu.
Masikia
Oimira mtundu wina wa akangaude omwe ali m'banja la Linyphiidae. Kwa nthawi yoyamba, nzika za ku Arctic zidafotokozedwa mu 1984. Pakadali pano, ndi mitundu iwiri yokha yomwe imapatsidwa mtunduwu.
Malangizo a nigriceps
Kangaude wamtunduwu (Tmeticus nigriceps) amakhala mdera lamapiri, amadziwika ndi prozoma yamtundu wa lalanje, yokhala ndi malo akuda-cephalic. Miyendo ya kangaude ndi lalanje, ndipo opisthosoma ndi yakuda. Kutalika kwakuthupi kwamwamuna wamkulu ndi 2.3-2.7 mm, ndipo kwa mkazi kumakhala mkati mwa 2.9-3.3 mm.
Gibothorax tchernovi
Spinvid, yomwe ili m'gulu la taxonomic Hangmatspinnen (linyphiidae), ndi ya arthropod arachnids ya mtundu wa Gibothorax. Dzina la sayansi la mtundu uwu lidafalitsidwa koyamba mu 1989.
Perrault Polaris
Imodzi mwa mitundu ya akangaude omwe sanaphunzire kwenikweni, omwe anafotokozedwa koyamba mu 1986. Oimira amtunduwu amapatsidwa gawo la Perrault, ndipo amaphatikizidwanso m'banja la Linyphiidae.
Kangaude wam'nyanja
Ku Arctic kumadzulo ndi m'madzi a Nyanja Yakumwera, akangaude akunyanja apezeka posachedwa. Anthu okhala m'madzi oterewa ndi akulu kukula, ndipo ena mwa iwo amakhala otalika kuposa kotala la mita.
Tizilombo
Kuchuluka kwa mbalame zomwe zimadya tizilombo kumpoto chakumaso chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa tizilombo tambiri - udzudzu, midge, ntchentche ndi kafadala. Tizilombo tomwe timapezeka ku Arctic ndi tosiyanasiyana, makamaka kudera lamapiri, komwe kuli udzudzu wambiri, ntchentche ndi timiyala tating'ono nthawi yayitali ikayamba.
Kutentha chum
Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa (Culicoides pulicaris) timatha kupanga mibadwo ingapo m'nyengo yotentha, ndipo masiku ano ndi malo olira kwambiri omwe amakonda kuluma magazi omwe samapezeka mumtunda wambiri.
Karamory
Tizilombo (Tipulidae) ndi am'mimba ya diptera ndipo timayang'anira Nematocera. Kutalika kwa udzudzu wamiyendo yambiri yayitali kumasiyanasiyana pakati pa 2-60 mm, koma nthawi zina oimira akuluakulu amtunduwu amapezeka.
Mankhwala a Chironomids
Udzudzu (Chironomidae) ndi wa banja la dongosolo la Diptera ndipo umadziwika chifukwa cha phokoso lomwe mapiko a tizilombo timapanga. Akuluakulu ali ndi ziwalo mkamwa zomwe sizikukula ndipo sizowopsa kwa anthu.
Masika opanda zingwe
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda akumpoto (Collembola) ndi kachilombo kakang'ono komanso kameneka, kamene kali ndi mapiko, kamene kamakhala kofanana ndi mchira wofanana.
