Moonfish ndi cholengedwa chomwe mawonekedwe ake amatha kudabwitsa aliyense. Kuyang'ana thupi lalikulu lopangidwa ndi disk, zikuwoneka kuti malo ake sali m'madzi, koma mumlengalenga.
Kufotokozera kwa mwezi wa nsomba
Luna-nsomba, iye ndi molla mole, ali ndi dzina lake lapakati pazifukwa. Ikuwonetsa dzina lake lasayansi la mtundu wa Mola ndi mitundu ya Mola. Kumasuliridwa kuchokera ku Chilatini, mawu awa amatanthauza "miyala ya mphero" - chinthu chachikulu chozungulira chaimvi-buluu. Dzinali limadziwika bwino ndi mawonekedwe aomwe amakhala m'madzi.
Mtundu wa Chingerezi wa nsomba iyi umamveka ngati Ocean sunfish. Iye adachipeza chifukwa chokonda kusamba, atagona chammbali kwambiri pafupi ndi madzi. Nsombazo, titero, zimadzuka kuti ziwotchedwe ndi dzuwa. Komabe, chinyama chimakwaniritsa zolinga zina, chimakwera kukawona "dokotala" - mbalame zam'madzi, zomwe ndi milomo yawo, monga zopalira, zimachotsa mosavuta tiziromboti tambiri pansi pa khungu la nsomba.
Magwero aku Europe amatcha mwezi wa nsomba, aku Germany amawutcha mutu woyandama.
Kaya zikhale zotani, mole mole ndiimodzi mwazoyimira zazikulu kwambiri zamankhwala amfupa amakono. Kulemera kwake, pafupifupi, ndi tani imodzi, koma nthawi zambiri imatha kufikira awiri.
Nsombazi zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe achilendo kwambiri. Thupi lozungulira, looneka lathyathyathya kuchokera mbali, limakongoletsedwa ndi zipsepse ziwiri zazikulu zakuthambo ndi kumatako. Mchira umakhala ngati nyumba zotchedwa chimanga.
Sunfish ilibe mamba, thupi lake limakutidwa ndi khungu lolimba komanso lolimba, lomwe m'malo mwadzidzidzi limatha kusintha mtundu. Msuzi wamba samazitenga. Khungu ndi zotanuka, lokutidwa ndi mamina. Madzi ophulika amakhala ndi mtundu wina kutengera komwe amakhala. Mitunduyi imakhala yofiirira, yofiirira mpaka imvi yoyera.
Komanso, mosiyana ndi nsomba zina, moonfish ili ndi mafupa ochepa, ilibe mafupa m'mafupa. Nsombazo zilibe nthiti, m'chiuno ndi kusambira chikhodzodzo.
Ngakhale ndi yayikulu bwanji, mwezi uli ndi kamwa yaying'ono kwambiri, yomwe imawoneka ngati mlomo wa chinkhwe. Mano akaphatikizana limodzi amapanga izi.
Maonekedwe, kukula kwake
Mola mola ndi wamkulu komanso wotchuka kwambiri m'makontinenti onse m'madzi ofunda komanso ofunda. The mola ramsayi, Sfishfish yaku South Ocean, amasambira pansi pa equator m'madzi ku Australia, New Zealand, Chile, ndi South Africa.
Madzi owerengeka a breakwater amakhala pafupifupi mita 2.5 ndi mita 2 kutalika. Poterepa, zilembo zazikuluzikulu zimagwirizana ndi malire a 4 ndi 3 mita, motsatana. Nsomba yolemera kwambiri ya moonfish idagwidwa mu 1996. Mkaziyu amayeza makilogalamu 2,300. Pofuna kuyerekezera, uku ndi kukula kwa chipembere choyera chachikulu.
Nsombazi, ngakhale kuti ndizopezeka kuti ndi zotetezeka kwa anthu, ndizazikulu kwambiri kwakuti zikagundana ndi maboti, pamakhala vuto kwa boti komanso kwa iwo eni. Makamaka ngati mayendedwe amadzi akuyenda mwachangu kwambiri.
Mu 1998, thanki ya simenti ya MV Goliath yopita ku Harbour ya Sydney idakumana ndi nsomba yam'madzi yokwana 1,400 kg. Msonkhanowu nthawi yomweyo unachepetsa liwiro lake kuchokera pamiyala 14 mpaka 10, komanso unachotsera utoto wapamadzi mpaka chitsulo chokha.
Thupi la nsomba yaying'ono limakutidwa ndi mafinya, omwe amasowa pang'onopang'ono nyama ikakhwima ndikukula.
Moyo, machitidwe
Chifukwa chake, nyama, yomwe ikufanana ndi msuzi wouluka m'madzi, imachita bwanji ndikusuntha m'mbali yamadzi? Mole amayenda mozungulira, pogwiritsa ntchito zipsepse zake zakumapeto ndi kumatako ngati mapiko awiri ndi mchira wake poyendetsa. Sizothandiza kwenikweni, komabe, imagwira ntchito osachepera. Nsombazi zimakhala zamadzimadzi komanso zosathamanga.
Poyamba, asayansi anali otsimikiza kuti mole amatha nthawi yake yonse akusambira pansi pano. Komabe, kamera ndi accelerometer yovalidwa ndi oimira ena amtunduwu adawonetsa kuti amafunikira zokhazokha kuchokera kuzirombo ndi kutentha. Ndipo nthawi yotsala yomwe chinyama chimakhala chikufunafuna chakudya mozama pafupifupi mita 200, chifukwa gwero lalikulu la chakudya chawo ndi nsomba zam'madzi ndi siphonophores - mitundu yazamoyo zopanda utoto. Kuphatikiza pa iwo ndi zooplankton, squid, crustaceans zing'onozing'ono, mphutsi zakuya zam'madzi zimatha kukhala chakudya chachikulu, chifukwa nsomba ndizodzola zambiri, koma osati zopatsa thanzi kwenikweni.
Tiyeni tibwerere kuma parasites, chifukwa kumenyana nawo kumatenga gawo lalikulu pamoyo wa nsombayi. Muyenera kuvomereza kuti mwina ndizovuta kuti thupi likhale loyera, lomwe limafanana ndi mbale yayikulu yovuta. Ndipo kuyerekezera ndi mbale ndikopambana kwambiri, chifukwa mamina ndi khungu la mole zimakhala malo oti azidyetsa mulu wa tizirombo tating'onoting'ono. Chifukwa chake, Sunfish ili ndi mavuto ang'onoang'ono aukhondo. Asayansi adalemba mitundu yoposa 50 ya tiziromboti pamtunda, komanso mkati mwa thupi lake. Kuti timvetsetse pang'ono momwe izi ziliri zosasangalatsa kwa iye, chitsanzo chimodzi chingaperekedwe. Copepod Penella amaika mutu wake mkati mwa mnofu wa moleyo ndikutulutsa tinthu tambiri ta mazira mumimbamo.
Kuyenda kumtunda kumathandiza kuthana ndi ntchito ya nsomba zosambira patebulo. Amadzuka pafupi kwambiri momwe angathere ndikudikirira agulls, albatrosses ndi mbalame zina zam'nyanja, zomwe zimatulutsa mwaluso ndikudya malo ogona osafunikira. Komanso, kunyamula dzuwa kumathandiza kuti mutenthe kutentha thupi, komwe kwatsika chifukwa chokhala nthawi yayitali kuzama.
Kodi nsomba ya mwezi imakhala yayitali bwanji
Palibe amene akudziwa mpaka pano kuti mole wakhala bwanji kuthengo. Koma kuyerekezera koyambirira, poganizira za kukula ndi chitukuko, komanso momwe moyo wamasamba ulili, ukuwonetsa kuti apulumuka mpaka zaka 20. Nthawi yomweyo, pali chidziwitso chosatsimikizika kuti akazi amatha kukhala zaka 105, ndipo amuna mpaka 85. Ndi chidziwitso chiti chomwe chimabisa chowonadi - kalanga, sichikudziwika.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Monga gawo la malingaliro ake a PhD, wasayansi waku New Zealand Marianne Nyegor adatsata DNA yoposa 150fishfish. Nsombazi zimapezeka m'madzi ozizira, akumwera kuchokera ku New Zealand, Tasmania, South Australia, South South South Africa mpaka South Chile. Ndi mitundu yapadera yam'madzi yomwe imakhala moyo wawo wonse m'nyanja, ndipo zochepa ndizodziwika pazachilengedwe.
Malingaliro apano ndikuti nsombazi zimakhala m'madzi ofunda usiku, pakuya kwa 12 mpaka 50 metres, koma palinso ma diving omwe amapezeka pansi pamilingo iyi masana, nthawi zambiri pafupifupi 40-150 metres.
Moonfish imagawidwa padziko lonse lapansi, yotchuka m'madzi otentha, otentha komanso ozizira padziko lonse lapansi.
Zakudya zam'madzi mwezi
Moonfish imakhulupirira kuti imadyetsa nsomba zam'madzi. Komabe, zomwe amadya zimatha kuphatikizaponso mitundu ina ya nyama zodya nyama, kuphatikiza ma crustaceans, molluscs, squid, nsomba zazing'ono, ndi mphutsi zakuya za m'nyanja. Kumira m'madzi kwakanthawi kumamuthandiza kupeza zakudya zosiyanasiyana. Pambuyo pokhala nthawi yayitali m'madzi ozizira kwambiri, nsombazo zimabwezeretsa kutentha kwa madzi powotcha mbali zonse pansi pa dzuwa pafupi ndi madzi.
Kubereka ndi ana
Biology yobereka komanso momwe mwezi wa nsomba umakhalira sikumvetsetseka bwino. Koma ndizodziwika bwino kuti ndi nsomba zochuluka kwambiri (ndi zinyama) padziko lapansi.
Pofika pakukula msinkhu, Sunfish yachikazi imatha kutulutsa mazira opitilira 300 miliyoni. Komabe, nsomba zomwe zimawonongeka zimabadwa kukula kwa mutu wa pinini. Mole wakhanda mole mole amafanana ndi mutu wawung'ono woikidwa mkati mwa zokongoletsa Khrisimasi. Makanda otetezera ana amafanana ndi nyenyezi yoyenda modabwitsa kapena matalala.
Komwe ndi nthawi yomwe nsomba za moonfish sizimadziwika, ngakhale madera asanu omwe amapezeka kumpoto kwa South Atlantic, kumpoto ndi South Pacific, komanso ku Indian Ocean, komwe kuli mafunde ozungulira, otchedwa gyres.
Mwezi wosweka ndi wautali masentimita 0.25 okha. Asanakule msinkhu, ayenera kukula msinkhu 60 miliyoni.
Koma mawonekedwe siwo chinthu chokha chomwe chingadabwe ndi madzi akumwa. Amalumikizidwa ndi nsomba za puffer, pokhala wachibale wake wapafupi.
Adani achilengedwe
Choopseza kwambiri kwa mwezi wa nsomba chimawerengedwa kuti ndi kuwononga nsomba. Gawo lalikulu la nsomba limapezeka m'nyanja ya Pacific, Atlantic ndi Nyanja ya Mediterranean. Ngakhale ilibe mtengo wogulitsa, chifukwa nyama imatha kutenga kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa, gawo lomwe limagwira m'maderawa limatha kukhala pafupifupi 90% ya nsomba zonse. Nthawi zambiri, nsomba mwangozi zimakodwa muukondewo.
Mtengo wamalonda
Mwa iyo yokha, mbedza ya mwezi ilibe phindu lililonse ndipo nthawi zambiri imagwera m'makoka a asodzi ngati nyama zangozi. Nyama yake imawerengedwa kuti ndi yotetezeka pakudya kwa anthu, chifukwa imatha kutenga mitundu yambiri ya tiziromboti.
Komabe, izi sizitilepheretsa kuti tizipanga zakudya zokoma m'maiko ena aku Asia. Ku Japan ndi Thailand, ngakhale chichereŵechereŵe ndi khungu la nsomba amazigwiritsa ntchito ngati chakudya. Komanso m'maiko amenewa, mnofu wa mole umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala achikhalidwe. Nthawi yomweyo, ndizosavuta kugula m'sitolo, koma ingoyesani m'malo odyera okwera mtengo.
Ku Europe, kugulitsa nsomba zamtunduwu ndizoletsedwa, chifukwa, kuwonjezera pa matenda opatsirana, sanfish, monga wachibale wake wapafupi, fugu, amatha kudziunjikira poizoni m'thupi. Ku America, kulibe chiletso chotere, komabe, chifukwa cha kusasunthika kofanana ndi nyama komanso zinyalala zambiri, sizitchuka.
Nyama imakhala ndi fungo loipa la ayodini, pomwe imakhala ndi mapuloteni komanso zinthu zina zothandiza. Ngati, ndithudi, timaganizira kuti chiwindi ndi timabulu ta nsomba titha kukhala ndi poizoni ngati sangadulidwe bwino.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Pakadali pano palibe njira zina zotetezera kuchuluka kwa nsomba zam'mwezi, ngakhale IUCN imawona kuti njenjete ndi mtundu wosatetezeka, ndipo ndi chifukwa chabwino. Nsombazi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuzisodza komanso kuwonongeka koyipa, zikagwa mwangozi m'misampha ya asodzi, chifukwa nthawi zambiri zimasambira pamtunda. Mwinanso, chifukwa chakuchepa kwakanthawi kwaubongo, nyama iyi imachedwa pang'onopang'ono komanso yosafulumira, chifukwa chake imavutika nthawi zambiri.
Mwachitsanzo, asayansi amayerekezera kuti usodzi wautali ku South Africa umagwira pafupifupi 340,000 mole mole ngati kamodzi kokha. Ndipo ku California Fisheries, ofufuza adapeza kuti nsomba zam'madzi za m'nyanja zidafika pa 29% mwa nsomba zonse, kuposa manambala omwe akwaniritsidwa.
Komanso, ku Japan ndi ku Taiwan, nsomba zawo zimakhala ndi cholinga. Asodzi amalonda asankha izi ngati chandamale kuti apatse zakudya zokoma.
Kutengera ndi izi, kutsika kwa anthu mpaka 80% kumawerengedwa m'malo ena. IUCN ikukayikira kuti kuchuluka kwa nsomba za m'mwezi zikuwopsezedwa ndi kuchepa kwa 30% m'mibadwo itatu yotsatira (zaka 24 mpaka 30). Zambiri sizikudziwika za kuchuluka kwa anthu a tecata a Mola ndi Mola ramsayi, omwe sanakhazikitsidwe ndi IUCN, koma ndizomveka kuganiza kuti nawonso ali ndi zokolola zambiri.
