Toucan ndi mbalame yokhala ndi mlomo waukulu

Ma Toucans ndi ena mwa mbalame zowala kwambiri zopezeka ku America. Chodziwika kwambiri ndi mulomo waukulu, womwe nthawi zina umakhala wolingana ndi kukula kwa mbalameyo. Oimira akulu kwambiri awa a odula mitengo amadziwika kuti amangokhalira kunyinyirika komanso aluso. Ndiosavuta kuwongolera ndikuchita bwino mu ukapolo.

Kufotokozera kwa toucan

Mbalame yotchedwa toucan ndi mbalame yaikulu yokhala ndi nthenga zowala komanso mlomo waukulu modabwitsa. Ndi wa banja la toucan ndipo ali, ngakhale ali kutali, komabe ndi wachibale wa opala nkhuni.

Maonekedwe

Ma Toucans ndi mbalame zazikulu, zomwe kukula kwake ndi pafupifupi 40-60 cm, kutengera mtundu ndi mbalame za mbalamezo.

Thupi lawo ndi lalikulu komanso lokulirapo, pafupifupi chowulungika. Mutu wake ndiwowulungika komanso wokulirapo, umasandulika khosi lolimba komanso lolimba, osati lowonda komanso wopanda chisomo.

Chosiyanitsa chachikulu cha mbalamezi ndi mulomo waukulu, womwe kukula kwake kumatha kukhala kofanana ndi kutalika kwa thupi. Zowona, m'mitundu ina ndi yocheperako: imaposa kukula kwa mutu.

Maso a toucan ndi akulu kwambiri, ozungulira mozungulira komanso owonetsa mbalame kwambiri. Mtundu wa diso ukhoza kukhala wakuda kapena wowala, monga wakuda wakuda.

Mchira mu mitundu yambiri ndi yayifupi komanso yotakata mokwanira, yokhala ndi zazikulu zazikulu, monga lamulo, nthenga zakuda. Komabe, palinso mitundu ya ma toucans okhala ndi michira yayitali.

Mapikowo ndi ofupika komanso osalimba kwambiri, ndichifukwa chake ma toucans sangatchedwe oyendetsa ndege. Komabe, m'nkhalango zowirira kwambiri zomwe mbalamezi zimakhala, sizifunikira kuti ziziyenda maulendo ataliatali, ndikokwanira kuti zizitha kudumpha kuchokera panthambi kupita kunthambi ndikusunthira pamtengo wina.

Miyendo, mwalamulo, imakhala yamtundu wabuluu, yamphamvu komanso yamphamvu yokwanira kuti igwire thupi lalikulu la mbalameyo panthambi. Anapiye ang'onoang'ono amakhala ndi chidendene chapadera pamapazi awo, omwe amakhala nawo chisa.

Mtundu waukulu wa nthenga zawo ndi wakuda, wophatikizidwa ndi mawanga akulu komanso osiyana kwambiri amitundu ina, yoyera, yachikasu kapena kirimu. Ngakhale mlomo wa toucan umakhala wonyezimira kwambiri: mwa mitundu ina ya mbalamezi, mlomo umodzi wokha ndiomwe ungawerengedwe mithunzi isanu.

Monga lamulo, mawanga achikuda pa thupi la toucan amakonzedwa motere:

• Mbiri yayikulu ya nthenga ndi yakuda malasha. Mbali yakumutu ya mutu, pafupifupi thupi lonse ndi mchira wa mbalamezo ndizopakidwa utoto uwu. Komabe, palinso mitundu ina yomwe mtundu wake waukulu wa nthenga suli wakuda kwathunthu, koma, umakhala ndi mthunzi wosiyana, mwachitsanzo, mgoza.
• Gawo lakumunsi la mutu, komanso pakhosi ndi pachifuwa, zimakhala ndi utoto wowala mosiyanasiyana: nthawi zambiri zoyera kapena zachikasu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana: kuyambira ndimu yotuwa kapena chikasu poterera mpaka safironi wolemera ndi wachikasu lalanje.
• Zokwera ndi zoyikirazo zitha kukhala zowala kwambiri: zoyera, zofiira, lalanje kapena mthunzi wina wosiyanako.
• Palinso malo owala mozungulira maso, mosiyana ndi maziko akuda kwambiri komanso mawonekedwe owala kumapeto kwa mutu, mmero ndi chifuwa chapamwamba.
• Miyendo ya mitundu yambiri ya toucan imakhala ndi mtundu wabuluu wabuluu, zikhadabo ndizobuluu.
• Maso a mbalamezi ndi akuda kapena abulawuni.
• Khungu locheperako m'maso mwake litha kujambulidwa mumtambo wowala kwambiri wabuluu, wamtambo wabuluu, wobiriwira wowala, lalanje-wachikaso kapena utoto wofiyira.
• Mtundu wa milomo yamitundu yosiyanasiyana umatha kukhala wakuda kapena wopepuka komanso wowala kwambiri. Koma ngakhale pamilomo yakuda mbalamezi zimakhala ndi mawanga achikasu, achikasu kapena lalanje.

Ndizosangalatsa! Zolemba za thupi la ma toucans, thunthu lawo lalikulu, mutu wawukulu wokhala ndi mlomo wamphamvu kwambiri ndi mchira wofupikitsidwa, limodzi ndi mitundu yowala kwambiri komanso yosiyanitsa ya nthenga, zimapatsa mbalamezi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso owopsa. Komabe, tiyenera kuvomereza kuti ma toucan ndiabwino, ngakhale m'njira zawo.

Khalidwe, moyo

Atouc, chifukwa chowoneka bwino komanso osangalala, amatchedwa "nthabwala za Amazonia". Mbalamezi zimakonda kukhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono - pafupifupi anthu 20 aliyense. Koma m'nyengo yoswana, amatha kupanga awiriawiri, pambuyo pake amabwerera m'gulu limodzi ndi ana okulirapo.

Nthawi zina, akalulu akafunika kusamuka, zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri, popeza mbalamezi sizimangokhalira kusiya malo okhala, zimatha kusonkhananso m'magulu akulu. Zomwezo zimachitika pomwe magulu ang'onoang'ono angapo amatha kupeza mtengo waukulu kwambiri wobala zipatso womwe umatha kusungira mbalamezi kwanthawi yayitali ndikuwapatsa chakudya. Poterepa, ma toucans amathanso kupanga gulu lalikulu.

Mbalamezi zimagwira ntchito makamaka masana. Nthawi yomweyo, ma toucans samatsikira pansi nthawi zambiri, amakonda kukhala pakati pochulukitsa nthambi mu korona wa mitengo, pomwe pali chakudya chochuluka komanso komwe kuli kovuta kuti nyama zolusa zifike.

Ma Toucans ndi mbalame zaphokoso kwambiri, zomwe mayendedwe awo amapititsidwa kutali kudutsa nkhalango yamvula. Koma nthawi yomweyo, iwo sali okhumudwa konse, koma, m'malo mwake, zolengedwa zabwino kwambiri, zomwe zimakhalanso ndi nthabwala zapadera. Anthu aku Touc amakhala mwamtendere ndi ziweto zawo ndipo, ngati kungafunike, athandizanso achibale awo.

Mbalamezi zimadziwika chifukwa cha chisangalalo chawo komanso zoseketsa. Nthawi zambiri amasewera wina ndi mnzake, amalumpha panthambi za mitengo ndikuzigogoda ndi milomo yawo, kenako, ndikupendeketsa mitu yawo mbali imodzi, mverani "nyimbo". Amakondanso kuphulika m'madzi omwe amasonkhana mvula itagwa m'mafoloko a nthambi zakuda.

Palibe mgwirizano pakati pa asayansi kuti ndichifukwa chiyani toucan imafunikira zazikulu, ndipo, poyang'ana koyamba, mlomo wosavuta. Zikuwoneka zachilendo kwa anthu osazidziwa mbalamezi: zingatheke bwanji kuti toucan ikhale bwino, ndikukhala ndi "zokongoletsa" zoterezi? Inde, mlomo waukulu komanso wolemera uyenera kuti unasokoneza kwambiri moyo wa mbalame. Chifukwa chiyani izi sizikuchitika? Kupatula apo, ma toucan samawoneka ngati zolengedwa zosasangalala zomwe zakhumudwitsidwa ndi chilengedwe, m'malo mwake, ndi mbalame zokhulupirira kwambiri komanso zosangalatsa.

Ndizosangalatsa! Mlomo wa ma toucans umangowoneka wopitilira muyeso: inde, ndi wopepuka chifukwa choti uli ndi zibowo zambiri zam'mlengalenga, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kulemera kwake.

Toucan imafuna mulomo waukulu, makamaka, chifukwa mothandizidwa nayo imapeza chakudya, komanso, ofufuza ambiri amavomereza kuti mulomo wa mbalamezi umagwira ngati mtundu wa "mpweya wabwino" ndipo umagwira ntchito yayikulu pakuchiritsa. Komanso, mothandizidwa ndi kuwopsa kwa milomo yawo yayikulu, mbalamezi zimathamangitsa nyama zolusa ndikudzitchinjiriza ndi ana awo kwa izo.

Ali mu ukapolo, ma toucans samavutitsa eni ake ndipo palibe mavuto ndi iwo, kupatula kuti mbalame zamtunduwu zimafunikira zitseko zazikulu kwambiri, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayenera kudzipangira zokha kapena kuti ziziyitanitsa. Akasungidwa kunyumba, ma toucans amasangalatsa eni ake ndiubwenzi komanso wokonda anzawo, komanso luntha komanso luso lomwe amakhala nalo mwachilengedwe.

Ndi angati aku toucans omwe amakhala

Ndi mbalame yodabwitsa kwambiri. Kutengera mtundu, komanso momwe zinthu ziliri, kutalika kwa moyo wa ma toucans kumachokera zaka 20 mpaka 50.

Zoyipa zakugonana

Sinafotokozedwe momveka bwino: mbalame za amuna ndi akazi zosiyana zimakhala ndi nthenga zofanana ndipo zimasiyana pang'ono kukula kwake: zazikazi ndizocheperako poyerekeza ndi amuna ndipo ndizopepuka. Komabe, m'mitundu ina ya ma toucan, akazi amakhalanso ndi milomo yaying'ono pang'ono kuposa yamphongo.

Mitundu yama toucans

Akatswiri odziwa za mbalame amagawa mitundu isanu ndi itatu ya mbalamezi ngati zamoyo zenizeni:

• Toucan wachikasu. Kutalika kwa thupi - 47-61 cm, kulemera - kuchokera 584 mpaka 746 g. Mtundu waukulu wa nthenga ndi wakuda. Khosi lowala lachikaso ndi ulemu wapamwamba pachifuwa amalekanitsidwa kuchokera kumbuyo kwakuda kwakuda kwakanthawi kochepa kopindika. Chakumwambacho ndi choyera, choyikacho ndi chofiira. Mlomo ndi wa mitundu iwiri, ngati kuti wagawanika mozungulira mdima wowala kwambiri. Pamwamba pake pamakhala chikasu chowala ndipo pansi pake pali mabokosi akuda kapena abulauni. Pali malo obiriwira obiriwira mozungulira maso. Mbalameyi imakhala m'mphepete mwa kum'mawa kwa Andes: ku Peru, Ecuador, Colombia ndi Venezuela.
• Toucan-ariel. Makulidwe ali pafupifupi ofanana ndi 48 cm, kulemera kwa 300-430 g. Mtundu waukuluwo ndi wakuda ndi lacquered. Pali malo owala achikaso kumapeto kwa mutu, pakhosi ndi pachifuwa chapamwamba, ndipo m'munsi mwa mulomo wakuda ujambulidwa mumthunzi womwewo. Pamalire a chikaso ndi chakuda, zolemba zowala, zofiira-lalanje zimawoneka bwino, malo ogulitsira ndi mawanga ozungulira maso amdima, ozunguliridwa ndi mawanga a khungu loyera labuluu, ali ndi mthunzi womwewo. Ma Ariel toucans amakhala kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Amazon.
• Ndodo yotsekemera ndi mandimu. Kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala pafupifupi masentimita 48, kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 360. Mu mbalame yakuda yakuda iyi, gawo lakumtunda la chifuwa ndi khosi lakumaso zimapangidwa ndi mthunzi wa mandimu wotumbululuka, mbali zake zimasanduka zoyera. Dera lomwe lili pafupi ndi diso ndilopepuka, limayera pansi. Pamwamba pa milomo pali mzere wachikasu wabuluu wachikaso; maziko ake amajambulanso mitundu yomweyo. Mbalamezi zimakhala ku Venezuela ndi ku Colombia.
• Mtundu wonyezimira wonyezimira. Mbalameyi imakhala yotalika pafupifupi masentimita 48 ndipo imalemera magalamu 300 mpaka 430. Malo oyera pakhosi ndi pachifuwa chapamwamba amalekanitsidwa ndi mtundu wakuda waukuluwo ndi mzere wofiira. Pali mawanga owala mozungulira maso. Uppertail ndi yofiira njerwa. Mlomo wake ndi wakuda, kupatula mzera wachikasu wotumbululuka pamwamba pake, ndipo m'munsi mwake ndi wachikasu. Ma toucans awa amakhala ku Venezuela, Bolivia ndi Brazil.
• Mbalame yofiira yofiira. Chaching'ono kwambiri pakati pa nthumwi za mtundu wake, kuwonjezera apo, mulomo wake ndi wamfupi kuposa ma toucan ena. Kukula kwa mbalamezi ndi masentimita 40-46, kulemera - kuyambira 265 mpaka 400 g.Pakhosi pake ndi kumtunda kwa chifuwa chake amakhala achikaso achikasu, omwe amapita m'mbali mwa zoyera zachikasu. Mbali yakumunsi ya chifuwa ndi mimba ndi yofiira, mawanga ozungulira maso amakhalanso ofiira. Mlomo ndi utoto wobiriwira buluu. Mbalamezi zimakhala ku Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay ndi kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Argentina.
• Utawaleza toucan. Kutalika kwa thupi kuyambira 50 mpaka 53 cm, kulemera - pafupifupi 400 magalamu. Chifuwa, pakhosi ndi gawo lakumunsi kwa mutu ndizobiriwira zach mandimu zachikaso, zomwe zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mzere wopapatiza wofiira pamalire ndi utoto wakuda, malondawo ndi ofiira. Mlomowo wajambulidwa mu mitundu inayi: wobiriwira, wabuluu, lalanje ndi wofiira, ndipo pali chakuda chakuda m'mphepete mwake ndi pansi. M'mbali mwa milomo iwiri yakumtunda ndi kumunsi kwake mulinso mikwingwirima yakuda yopapatiza. Ma toucans awa amakhala kumwera kwa Mexico mpaka kumpoto kwa Colombia ndi Venezuela.
• Big toucan. Kutalika kuyambira masentimita 55 mpaka 65, kulemera pafupifupi g 700. Pali malo oyera kumunsi kwa mutu, mmero ndi chifuwa. Uppertail imakhalanso yoyera yoyera, pomwe ntchitoyo imakhala yofiira. Maso amakhala ndi zigamba za buluu, ndipo nawonso, azunguliridwa ndi zolemba za lalanje. Mlomo ndi wachikasu-lalanje, wokhala ndi mzere wopyapyala wofiira pamwamba ndi mawanga akuda pafupi ndi m'munsi ndi kumapeto kwake. Ma toucans awa amakhala ku Bolivia, Peru, Paraguay ndi Brazil.
• Mbalame yoyera yoyamwa. Kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 53-58, kulemera kwa magalamu 500 mpaka 700. Mbalameyi ili ndi dzina chifukwa mtundu wa pakhosi pake ndi pachifuwa chapamwamba ndi choyera choyera. Pali mzere wofiira pamalire ake wokhala ndi mbiri yakuda. Mlomowu ndi wamitundu yambiri: kamvekedwe kake kofiira, pomwe kumtunda kwake kuli zotumphukira komanso zowala zachikaso, zowonekeratu kuchokera kufiyira ndi mzere wakuda wamakala. Mbalame zotchedwa toucan zoyamwitsa mabere oyera zimakhala makamaka ku Amazon.

N'ZOSANGALATSA! Anthu aku Toucans adatchulidwa choncho chifukwa chakuti mtundu wawo umamveka ngati "tokano!"

Malo okhala, malo okhala

Anthu aku Toucans amakhala m'nkhalango za Central ndi South America, kuyambira Mexico mpaka Argentina, komanso, amapezeka m'mapiri a m'chigwa chotentha komanso kumapiri, pamtunda wokwera mpaka 3 km pamwamba pa nyanja. Nthawi yomweyo, mbalame zimakonda kukhazikika pomwe kuli zopepuka, mwachitsanzo, m'mphepete kapena m'minda yopyapyala, osati m'nkhalango zowirira kwambiri. Saopa anthu ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi ndi nyumba zawo.

Atoucans amakhala m'mapanga, koma chifukwa chakuti milomo yawo siyosinthidwa kuti ipange mabowo mumtengo wolimba, mbalamezi zimakonda kukhala m'mabowo omwe amakhalapo mumtengo wamitengo. Nthawi yomweyo, mbalame zingapo nthawi zambiri zimakhala mumabowo amodzi nthawi imodzi.

Ndizosangalatsa! Pofuna kuti mlomo usatenge malo ochulukirapo mchisa chopanikizana, toucan amatembenuza mutu wake madigiri 180 ndikuyika mlomoyo kumbuyo kapena kwa oyandikana nawo kwambiri.

Zakudya za ma toucans

Kwenikweni, toucans ndi mbalame zodyetsa. Amakonda zipatso ndi zipatso, amathanso kudya maluwa a mbewu zina zotentha. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, mbalameyi, ikukhala pa nthambi yowonda kwambiri, ikutambasula mutu wake ndipo mothandizidwa ndi kamwa yake, imafikira chipatso chokoma kapena mabulosi. Pakadapanda mlomo wautali, ndiye kuti cholemera cholemetsa sichikadatha kufikira zipatso, makamaka kumamera pamitengo yopyapyala kwambiri yomwe singathe kunyamula mbalame yayikulu chonchi.

Kuphatikiza apo, mbalamezi zimathanso kudya chakudya cha nyama: akangaude, tizilombo, achule, abuluzi, njoka zazing'ono. Nthawi zina, amafuna kuti azidzipatsa yekha mazira a mbalame zina kapena anapiye awo.

• Buluu macaw
• Nkhanga
• Cassowary

Ali mu ukapolo, ali odzichepetsa kwathunthu pankhani yodyetsa. Amatha kudyetsedwa ndi mtedza, buledi, chimanga chosiyanasiyana, mazira, nsomba zowonda, komanso nyama zazing'ono zopanda mafupa ndi zinyama monga tizilombo kapena achule. Koma, zachidziwikire, chakudya chabwino kwambiri kwa iwo ndi zipatso ndi zipatso zam'malo otentha, zomwe ma toucan amazolowera m'nkhalango zakomweko za South ndi Central America.

Kubereka ndi ana

Ma Toucans amapanga mabanja kwa zaka zambiri ndipo pambuyo pake samasintha anzawo.

Mbalamezi zimabisala m'mapanga, pomwe zimayikira mazira 1 mpaka 4 oyera, obulungika pakati pa fumbi la nkhuni, lomwe makolo onsewo amawafungatira. Pachifukwa ichi, nthawi yosungunulira imachokera milungu iwiri: ndi momwe zimakhalira m'mitundu yaying'ono. Ma toucan akuluakulu amakulira mazira kwakanthawi pang'ono.

Anapiye a Toucan amabadwa opanda thandizo: amaliseche, khungu lofiira komanso akhungu. Maso awo amatsegulidwa mochedwa - patatha pafupifupi masabata atatu. Ma toucans achichepere samathamangiranso kuti akwaniritse: ngakhale atakwanitsa mwezi umodzi, samadzaza nthenga.

Ndizosangalatsa! Pamapazi a anapiye a toucan pali zikopa zazitendene zomwe zimateteza ku kusisitidwa, popeza makanda amayenera kukhala pachisa kwa miyezi iwiri, ndipo zinyalala zomwe zili pachisa cha ma toucans sizofewa.

Mayi ndi bambo amadyetsa anapiye pamodzi, ndipo mwa mitundu ina amathandizidwanso ndi achibale komanso mamembala ena a gululo.

Akanyamakazi aang'ono atathawa ndikuphunzira kuuluka, makolowo amabwerera nawo pagulu lawo.

Adani achilengedwe

Adani a toucans ndi mbalame zazikulu zodya nyama, njoka zamtengo ndi amphaka amtchire omwe amakwera mitengo bwino kwambiri. Ndipo zimawaukira mwangozi, popeza chifukwa cha mitundu yowala komanso yosiyana kwambiri, toucan siivuta kuwona mumtengo wamtengo wapatali. Chithunzithunzi cha mbalameyi, chimakhala ngati chamadontho, ndipo chimawoneka ngati chipatso chowala kapena maluwa, omwe nthawi zambiri amasocheretsa chilombocho. Ngati mdani angayese kuyandikira imodzi mwa mbalamezo, gulu lonse lankhondo lidzawukira nthawi yomweyo, lomwe, mofuula mwamphamvu komanso mosapiririka, komanso mothandizidwa ndi kuwomba koopsa ndi milomo yayikulu, kukakamiza chilombocho kuchoka pamalo omwe amasonkhana amtundu wa toucan.

Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi

Ngakhale kuti mbalamezi ndizokwanira, mitundu ina ya toucan ndiyotetezedwa.Choyamba, izi ndichifukwa choti ma toucan sangathe kukhala kuthengo kulikonse, kupatula nkhalango zam'malo otentha, zomwe dera lawo limachepa nthawi zonse. Mwambiri, mitundu yotsatirayi adapatsidwa mitundu ya mbalamezi:

• Mitundu Yosasamala: toucan wamkulu, toucan wam'mero ​​wam'mero, toucan wamabele ofiyira, toucan wa utawaleza.
• Mitundu yoyandikira pangozi: toucan wachikasu.
• Mitundu yowopsa: toucan wamabere oyera, toucan wamaso amtambo, ariel toucan.

Ma Toucans ndi mbalame zaphokoso komanso zochezeka kwambiri zomwe zimakonda kukhala pagulu laling'ono. Pamodzi amadyetsa zipatso ndi zipatso za mitengo m'nkhalango yamvula ndipo palimodzi, ngati kuli kofunikira, amenyane ndi adani. Omnivores, ngakhale amakonda kudya zakudya zamasamba, ma toucan amatha kuzika mosavuta. Amadziwika ndi chikondi komanso zabwino komanso, kuweta, kwa zaka zambiri amasangalatsa mbuye wawo ndi zizolowezi zosangalatsa, kusangalala komanso kusasamala, ndipo nthawi zina, komanso zopanda pake. Ndicho chifukwa chake Amwenye amitundu yomwe amakhala kumadera omwe kuli ma toucan, nthawi zambiri amasunga mbalamezi ngati ziweto.

Kanema wokhudza ma toucans

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