Akamba ndi amodzi mwa anthu akale kwambiri padziko lapansi pano, omwe adawonera osati kufa kwa ma dinosaurs, komanso mawonekedwe awo. Zambiri mwazinthu zankhondozi ndizamtendere komanso zopanda vuto. Koma palinso anthu ena aukali pakati pa akamba. Mmodzi mwa mitundu yomwe imatha kuwonetsa nkhanza ndi cayman kapena, monga amatchulidwanso ku America, kamba woluma.
Kufotokozera kwa kamba wonyezimira
Kamba wonyezimira ndi cholengedwa chachikulu chokwawa cha banja lomwelo, chomwecho, chimakhala cha m'munsi mwa akamba obisika. Achibale ake apamtima ndi kamba ndi mitu yayikulu.
Maonekedwe
Kutalika kwa thupi la nyama izi kumakhala masentimita 20 mpaka 47... Kulemera kwa akamba akutha kumatha kufika 15 kapena 30 kilograms, komabe, makamaka anthu akuluakulu sapezeka pakati pa mitundu iyi. Kwenikweni, akamba awa amalemera kuyambira 4.5 mpaka 16 kg. Chokwawa ichi chikuwoneka bwino kwambiri: chimakhala ndi thupi lolimba lokhala ndi miyendo yamphamvu komanso yamphamvu, koma mutu, m'malo mwake, ndi wapakatikati, pafupifupi wozungulira. Maso, osunthira pafupifupi m'mphepete mwa mphuno, ndi ochepa, koma otchuka. Mphuno zake ndizazing'ono komanso zosawoneka kwenikweni.
Koma nsagwada za kamba woswedwa ndi zamphamvu modabwitsa komanso zamphamvu. Tithokoze kwa iwo, nyamayi imatha kugwira ndikugwira nyama yake, ndipo ndi nsagwada zomwezi imapweteketsa zilonda zowopsa kwa iwo omwe angayerekeze kuizunza kapena kuiukira. Pamwamba pa chipolopolo cha kamba wonyezimira ndi bulauni yakuda ndipo imapanga mizere itatu ya keel, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwoneke ngati zigawika mizere itatu yopumulira. Pachifukwa ichi, kumtunda kwa mikwingwirima kumapangika kotalika pamwamba pake pachikopa ngati nsanja yaying'ono m'lifupi.
Pamwamba pa carapace ya zokwawa izi nthawi zambiri zimakutidwa ndi matope, matope, ndipo nthawi zambiri zipolopolo zonse zimakhala pamenepo. Izi zimathandiza kamba kusaka, ndikupanga chinsinsi china. Kamba akagwera pansi, atakwiriridwa ndi matope, zimakhala zovuta kuzizindikira, ndipo, komanso, chipolopolo chake chimaphimbidwanso ndi matope obiriwira kuti agwirizane ndi nderezo, ndipo pachipolopolocho mutha kuwona zipolopolo zambiri zazing'ono, ndiye kuti mwina simungathe , monga akunenera, onetsani. Mbali yakumunsi ya chipolopolocho ndi yaying'ono, yopingasa.
Kumbuyo, m'mphepete mwa chipolopolocho, kamba kong'ambika kumatuluka ngati mawonekedwe amano oyenda mwamphamvu. Mchira wake ndi wautali komanso waminyewa; kutalika kwake kumakhala theka la thupi lanyama. Wonenepa komanso wokulirapo m'munsi, mwamphamvu komanso molimba kumapeto mpaka kumapeto. Kuchokera pamwamba, mchirawo waphimbidwa ndi mamba angapo othamanga. Pamutu ndi m'khosi mulinso masikelo amtundu waminga, komabe, ndi ochepa kuposa mchira. Miyendo ya chokwawa ichi imawoneka mofanana ndi miyendo ya njovu: yamphamvu yomweyo ndi mawonekedwe amafanana ndi mizati yolimba yomwe pamakhala thupi lalikulu ndi chipolopolo, osati chachikulu poyerekeza.
Ndizosangalatsa! M'chilengedwe, anthu amtundu uwu sangapezeke omwe angalemere makilogalamu 14. Koma mu ukapolo, chifukwa chakudya mopitilira muyeso, akamba ena obedwa amatha kulemera kwa 30 kg kapena kupitilira apo.
Mtundu wa chokwawawu uli ndi zikhadabo zamphamvu kwambiri komanso zamphamvu. Koma kamba kong'ambika sikumawagwiritsa ntchito ngati chitetezo kwa adani, kapena, makamaka, ngati chida chowukira. Mothandizidwa ndi iwo, amangofukula kapena mchenga, ndipo samakonda kugwira nyama yomwe wagwidwa kale. Mtundu wa thupi umakhala wachikasu, ndipo nthawi zambiri umakhala wonyezimira. Nthawi yomweyo, mutu, komanso gawo lakumtunda kwa khosi, thupi, mapazi ndi mchira, zajambulidwa mumayendedwe akuda kwambiri, ndipo pansi pake pamakhala powala, wachikasu.
Moyo, machitidwe
Kamba wofiyira amatsogolera moyo wam'madzi, ndipo amakhala nthawi yayikulu m'madzi. Mutha kukumana ndi nyamazi kuyambira Epulo mpaka Novembala, zikagwira ntchito. Komabe, chifukwa chokana kuzizira, akamba awa amatha kuyenda pansi pa ayezi ngakhale nthawi yozizira ndipo amathanso kukwawa ngati kuli kofunikira.
Akamba obisalira amakonda kupumula, atagona pansi, osakanda matope, ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi amatulutsa mutu wawo m'madzi pakhosi lalitali kuti apume mpweya wabwino. Sakwera pamwamba posungira nthawi zambiri, amakonda kukhala pansi. Koma m'mphepete mwa zokwawa izi amatha kuwona nthawi zambiri, makamaka panthawi yomwe amapita kumtunda kuti akaikire mazira.
M'nyengo yozizira, akamba obisalira amakhala pansi pamadzi, ndikudziphatira ndi kubisala pakati pazomera zam'madzi. Nthawi yomweyo, modabwitsa, anthu amtunduwu omwe amakhala kumadera akumpoto komwe amakhala sangakhale akupuma nthawi yonseyi madzi oundana ali mumtsinje kapena kunyanja. Pakadali pano, amalandira mpweya kudzera kupuma kwamapapo.
Nthawi zambiri izi zimabweretsa kuti pakatha kamba kamba ka hypoxia, ndiye kuti, kusowa kwa mpweya m'thupi. Pamtunda, nyama izi zimatha kuyenda mtunda wautali zikafunika kupita kumalo ena amadzi, kapena kamba akapeza malo abwino oti aziikira mazira.
Ndizosangalatsa! Asayansi poyesa kuchita kafukufuku apeza kuti akamba obowoleza amatha kuzindikira mphamvu yamaginito yapadziko lapansi, chifukwa amatha kuyenda bwino mumlengalenga osasokera njira yawo yomwe asankha.
Kamba wofinya amawonetsa kukwiya pokhapokha pakufunika: imatha kuluma ngati yagwidwa kapena kunyozedwa, koma, nthawi zambiri, imadziwukira yokha popanda chifukwa. Nthawi yomweyo, nyamayo imaponya mutu wake patsogolo ndikuyenda mwamphamvu, ndipo imachenjeza koyamba mdani woopsa ndi mluzu wowopsa ndikudina nsagwada zake. Ngati satembenuka, ndiye kuti reptileyo ikuluma kale.
Kamba wofinya nthawi zambiri samalowerera anthu, amatenga chidwi ndikuwunika momwe akuchitira.... Koma nthawi zina amatha kuwonetsa chidwi, mwachitsanzo, kwa munthu amene akusamba. Izi zimachitika kuti zokwawa izi zimasambira ndikupita kukanyamulira anthu kumiyendo kumapazi awo. Ngati munthu akuchita mantha ndikuyamba kupanga phokoso, ndiye kuti nyamayo imatha kuchita mantha komanso kuwonetsa chiwawa, posankha kuti mlendo amuwopseza. Ngati chokwawa ichi chimakhala mu ukapolo, ndiye kuti sichimakonda mwini wake, ndipo nthawi zina chimatha kukhala chowopsa kwa iye, ngakhale okonda kuwayika m'malo awo azinyumba amazindikira kuti akamba osakhwima ndi omvera komanso amatha phunzirani kuchita zidule zosavuta.
Komabe, chifukwa cha kudziyimira pawokha komanso kukayikira, akamba akukhwimitsa amatha kuluma ngakhale mbuye wawo ngati akuwawona kuti zomwe akuchita akuwopseza. Mukasunga nyamazi, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kamba kokhotakhota ili ndi khosi lalitali kwambiri komanso losinthasintha komanso limayankha bwino, chifukwa limatha kuponyera mutu wake pansi pa chipolopolo liwiro la mphezi motero salimbikitsidwa kunyamula chokwawa ichi mopanda pake.
Kodi akamba akukoka amakhala motalika bwanji?
M'malo awo achilengedwe, akamba odumpha amatha kukhala zaka 100, koma atagwidwa, zokwawa zambiri zimakhala zaka 60 zokha. Pomaliza, izi ndichifukwa choti sikuti nthawi zonse zimakhala zotheka kuwapangira malo okhala kunyumba, popeza zokwawa izi zimafunikira kutentha. Kupyola muyeso kwa zokwawa, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimachitika ukapolo, sizimathandizanso kuti akamba amtali azikhala ndi moyo wautali.
Zoyipa zakugonana
Amuna amtundu uwu ndi akulu kwambiri kuposa akazi, ndipo pafupifupi akamba onse omwe amangokwera makilogalamu opitilira 10 ndi amuna okalamba.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Kamba kameneka kamapezeka kumadera akumwera chakum'mawa kwa Canada komanso kum'maŵa ndi pakati pa United States. M'mbuyomu, amakhulupirira kuti amapezeka kumwera - mpaka ku Colombia ndi Ecuador. Koma pakadali pano, akamba omwe ali ofanana ndi cayman ndipo amakhala ku Central ndi South America amatengedwa m'mitundu iwiri.
Nthawi zambiri, imakhazikika m'mayiwe, mitsinje kapena nyanja zokhala ndi zomera zam'madzi komanso pansi pamatope momwe imakonda kudzikwiramo komanso pomwe imadikirira nyengo yachisanu. Anthu ena amapezeka m'madzi amchere m'mitsinje.
Zakudya zamtundu wa Cayman
Chokwawa ichi chimadya nyama zopanda mafupa, nsomba, amphibiya, komanso zokwawa zina, ngakhale njoka ndi akamba ang'onoang'ono amitundu ina. Nthawi zina amatha kugwira mbalame yosazindikira kapena nyama yaying'ono.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kamba kawiri kawiri amabisalira nyama yake, kubisalira, ndipo ikayandikira imamugwira mwamphamvu ndi nsagwada zake zamphamvu.
Akamba akung'amba nawonso samanyoza nyama zowola ndi nyama zam'madzi, ngakhale sizikhala gawo lofunikira kwambiri pazakudya zawo.
Kubereka ndi ana
Akamba obisalira amakumana masika, ndipo mu Juni mkaziyo amapita kumtunda kuti akumbe dzenje lakuya masentimita 15 kutali ndi gombe ndikuyika mazira ozungulira 20 mpaka 80 mmenemo. Mothandizidwa ndi miyendo yamphamvu yakumbuyo, yaikazi imabisa mazira mumchenga, momwe imakhalako kuyambira milungu 9 mpaka 18. Ngati malo abwino obisalapo sanapezeke pafupi, kamba wamkazi yemwe akuwombera amatha kuyenda mtunda wautali pamtunda kufunafuna malo omwe angakumbe kukhumudwa pansi.
Ndizosangalatsa! M'madera okhala ndi nyengo yozizira, mwachitsanzo, ku Canada, kamba kakukhwimitsa ana sikasiya chisa mpaka masika, nthawi zina zonse, ana amaswa miyezi 2-3.
Kukula kwa akamba atsopano kumeneku ndi pafupifupi masentimita atatu ndipo, chochititsa chidwi, zinyenyeswazi zimatha kuluma kale, ngakhale sizili ndi mphamvu ngati akulu. Kwenikweni, akamba achichepere omwe amawombera, patadutsa nthawi atabadwa, amadyetsa nyama zopanda msana zazikulu komanso zobiriwira. Anawo akamakula, amayamba kusaka nyama zokulirapo, potero amawonjezera zakudya zawo pang'onopang'ono ndikuziyandikitsa pafupi ndi achikulire amtundu wawo. Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, chachikazi sichifunikanso kudzaza kuti chiikire mazira chaka chamawa: amatha kutero kamodzi pakatha zaka zingapo.
Adani achilengedwe
Amakhulupirira kuti kamba wowomba ali ndi adani ochepa achilengedwe ndipo, pamlingo wina, mawu awa ndiowona. Akuluakulu amtundu uwu, atha kuopsezedwa ndi nyama zochepa chabe, monga mphalapala, bere wakuda waku America, alligator, komanso wachibale wapafupi kwambiri wa kamba wonyezimira - kamba wa nkhwazi. Koma kwa mazira omwe adayikira iye komanso kwa zokwawa zazing'ono, akhwangwala, minks, akunyumba, nkhandwe, nkhandwe, zitsamba zam'madzi, ziphuphu, akabawi, akadzidzi, opha nsomba, mitundu ina ya nsomba, njoka ngakhale achule akulu ndizoopsa. Palinso umboni kuti otter aku Canada amatha kusaka ngakhale akamba akuluakulu omwe amawombera.
Ndizosangalatsa! Akamba okalamba omwe amafika pamiyeso yayikulu kwambiri, samakonda kuzunzidwa ndi zolusa, motero kufa kwachilengedwe pakati pawo kumakhala kotsika kwambiri.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Kamba wofinya tsopano amadziwika kuti ndiwofala kwambiri ndipo wapatsidwa mwayi wosadetsa nkhawa.... Komabe, ku Canada, mtundu uwu umatetezedwa chifukwa malo akamba akamba omwe amapezeka mosavuta amapezeka pangozi ndipo amatha kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi anthropogenic kapena zinthu zachilengedwe. Kamba wonyezimira ndi nyama yosangalatsa komanso yachilendo. Ngakhale kuti mtundu uwu wa zokwawa umawoneka ngati wankhanza, umangowukira ngati ukuwopseza, kenako usanagonjetse mdani, umayesa kumuchenjeza ndi mkokomo ndikutsanzira kooneka ngati kulumidwa.
Komabe, ku America, anthu amawopa nyamazi ndipo samakonda kusambira m'madzi momwe kumakhalira akamba. Koma, ngakhale zili choncho, okonda nyama zakunja ambiri amawona ngati ziweto zosangalatsa kwambiri ndipo amasangalala kusunga zokwawa izi kunyumba kwawo.
