Mphamvu zopanda chikhalidwe - ndipamene chidwi chapadziko lonse lapansi chikuyang'aniridwa pano. Ndipo ndizosavuta kufotokoza. Mafunde akuya, mafunde otsika, mafunde apanyanja, mafunde amitsinje yaying'ono ndi yayikulu, maginito a Dziko lapansi ndipo, pomaliza pake, mphepo - pali magetsi osatha, komanso mphamvu zotsika mtengo zowonjezeredwa, ndipo kungakhale kulakwitsa kwakukulu kuti musalandire mwayi mphatso yotere kuchokera kwa Amayi Achilengedwe. Ubwino wina wamagetsi otere ndi kuthekera kopereka magetsi otsika mtengo kumadera akutali, nkuti, madera okwera kwambiri kapena midzi yakutali ya taiga, mwanjira ina, madera omwe sikulangizidwa kukoka chingwe.
Kodi mumadziwa kuti 2/3 ya gawo la Russia sililumikizidwa ndi mphamvu zamagetsi? Palinso midzi yomwe sipanakhalepo magetsi, ndipo sikuti kwenikweni ndi midzi yaku Far North kapena Siberia yopanda malire. Mwachitsanzo, magetsi samaperekedwa kumadera ena a Urals, koma maderawa sangatchulidwe osavomerezeka pankhani yamagetsi. Pakadali pano, kuyika magetsi kumidzi yakutali sikovuta kwenikweni, chifukwa ndizovuta kupeza malo omwe mulibe rivulet kapena mtsinje wawung'ono - nayi njira yothetsera vuto. Ndi pamtsinje wotere, osanenapo za mtsinjewu, pomwe pali magetsi oyendera magetsi a mini.
Ndiye ndi chiyani chomera chaching'ono chaching'ono chamagetsi? Awa ndi malo amagetsi ochepa omwe amapanga magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito madzi akomweko. Zida zamagetsi zamagetsi zimawoneka ngati zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zosakwana 3 kilowatts. Ndipo ali ndi mphamvu zochepa. Mphamvu zamtunduwu zayamba kukula mwachangu mzaka khumi zapitazi. Izi, zimalumikizidwa ndi chikhumbo chowononga chilengedwe pang'ono momwe zingathere, zomwe sizingapewe pomanga makina akuluakulu opangira magetsi. Kupatula apo, madamu akuluakulu amasintha malowa, amawononga malo oberekera achilengedwe, amaletsa njira zosamukira nsomba, ndipo koposa zonse, pambuyo pake zidzasandukanso dambo. Kukula kwa mphamvu zazing'ono kumayanjananso ndikupereka mphamvu kumadera ovuta kufikako komanso akutali, komanso kubweza mwachangu ndalama (pasanathe zaka zisanu).
Nthawi zambiri, SHPP (chomera chamagetsi chamagetsi) chimakhala ndi jenereta, chopangira mphamvu ndi makina owongolera. Ma SHPP amagawidwanso malinga ndi mtundu wa kagwiritsidwe, makamaka awa ndi malo okhala ma damu okhala ndi malo osungira omwe samakhala malo akulu. Pali ma station omwe amagwira ntchito mopanda damu, koma kungoyenda kwa mtsinjewo. Pali malo ogwiritsira ntchito omwe madontho amadzi omwe adalipo kale, mwina achilengedwe kapena opangira. Madontho achilengedwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka m'mapiri, opangira ndi malo oyang'anira kasamalidwe ka madzi kuchokera kuzinthu zomwe zimasinthidwa kuti ziziyenda m'malo opangira madzi kuphatikiza mizere ya madzi akumwa komanso zimbudzi.
Mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi yaying'ono pamaluso ake aluso komanso zachuma imaposa mphamvu zazing'ono ngati zomera zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya mphepo, mphamvu ya dzuwa ndi mbewu zama bioenergy kuphatikiza. Pakadali pano, atha kupanga pafupifupi 60 biliyoni kWh pachaka, koma, mwatsoka, kuthekera kumeneku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, ndi 1% yokha. Mpaka kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 60, masauzande ang'onoang'ono opanga magetsi amagwiritsa ntchito, lero alipo mazana angapo. Zonsezi ndi zotsatira zakusokonekera kwa boma la Soviet logwirizana ndi mfundo zamitengo osati kokha.
Koma tiyeni tibwererenso ku nkhani yokhudza zachilengedwe pakumanga malo ochezera magetsi. Ubwino waukulu wazomera zing'onozing'ono zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi chitetezo chathunthu pakuwona zachilengedwe. Katundu wamadzi, wamankhwala komanso wakuthupi, sasintha panthawi yomanga ndikugwira ntchito kwa malowa. Mosungiramo amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malo osungira madzi akumwa komanso owetera nsomba. Koma mwayi waukulu ndikuti pakapulogalamu yaying'ono yamagetsi sikofunikira kwenikweni kuti ipange madamu akuluakulu omwe amawononga zinthu zambiri komanso kusefukira kwa madera akulu.
Kuphatikiza apo, ma station amenewa ali ndi maubwino ena angapo: onse ndiosavuta kupanga komanso kuthekera kogwiritsa ntchito makina kwathunthu; pakugwira kwawo, kupezeka kwa munthu sikofunikira kwenikweni. Magetsi omwe amapangidwa amakumana ndi miyezo yovomerezeka pamagetsi ndi pafupipafupi. Kudziyimira pawokha kwa siteshoni yotere kungathenso kuwonedwa ngati kuphatikiza kwakukulu. Chomera chamagetsi chaching'ono chamagetsi chimagwira ntchito yayikulu - zaka 40 kapena kupitilira apo.
