Choyambiriracho chimadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwa mbalame zazing'ono zokongola kwambiri ku Europe ku Russia. Wamng'ono, kukula kwake kwa mpheta, wojambulidwa mosiyanitsa ndi mitundu yofiira ndi yoyaka, kukongola kwamphalaku ndi kokongoletsa kwenikweni kwamapaki, minda ndi nkhalango ku Eurasia. Ndipo dzina lomwelo "redstart" limachokera ku chizolowezi cha oimira mtundu uwu kuti agwedeze mchira wake, womwe panthawiyi umafanana ndi malawi amoto akuwomba mphepo.
Kufotokozera kwa redstart
Ma redstarts ndi am'banja la omwe amawawombera maulendo a Passerine... Mbalamezi ndizofala ku Eurasia, komanso kumpoto kwa Africa, komwe amakhala mosakhazikika m'nkhalango, m'mapaki ndi m'nkhalango.
Maonekedwe
Redstart ndi mbalame yomwe imaposa kukula kwa mpheta. Kutalika kwake kwa thupi sikupitilira 10-15 cm, ndipo kulemera kwake ndi magalamu 20. Mapiko a mbalameyi ndi pafupifupi masentimita 25. Malinga ndi malamulo ake, redstart imafanana ndi mpheta wamba, koma ndiyokongola komanso yowala kwambiri. Ili ndi thupi lalikulu kwambiri ngati chowulungika chopindika pang'ono chopindika pang'ono, mutu wochepa mofanana wokhala ndi mlomo wofanana ndi wongodutsa, koma wopingasa pang'ono komanso wowonda.
Maso ndi akuda komanso owala, ngati mikanda. Mapikowo ndi achidule, koma olimba mokwanira. Mchira wouluka umafanana ndi fan yotseguka, ndipo mbalame ikakhala panthambi kapena pansi, mchira wake umawonekeranso ngati wokonda, koma wapindidwa kale.
Ndizosangalatsa! M'mitundu ina ya redstarts, makamaka yomwe imakhala ku Asia, nthenga zochokera kumwamba sizikhala ndi imvi, koma zonyezimira kapena zonyezimira, zomwe zimapanga kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pamalankhulidwe ozizira amtundu wakumbuyo ndi utoto wofunda wa lalanje pamimba pa mbalameyo ndi mchira wake wofiyira wofiira.
Miyendo ya redstart ndi yopyapyala, ya mdima wakuda kapena wakuda, zikhadazo ndizochepa, koma zolimba: chifukwa cha iwo, mbalameyi imasungidwa mosavuta panthambi.
Khalidwe, moyo
Redstart wamba ndi mbalame zosamuka: zimatha nthawi yotentha ku Eurasia, ndipo zimauluka kupita ku Africa kapena ku Arabia Peninsula nthawi yozizira. Kawirikawiri, nthawi yophukira ya mitunduyi, kutengera gawo lomwe amakhala mbalamezi, imayamba kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena theka loyamba la nthawi yophukira ndipo imagwera chakumapeto kwa Ogasiti - koyambirira kwa Okutobala. Ma redstarts amabwerera kudziko lakwawo mu Epulo, ndipo amuna amabwera masiku angapo asanakwane akazi.
Mbalame zowala kwambiri izi zimakhazikika m'mabowo amitengo, koma ngati izi sizingatheke, zimamanga zisa m'malo ena achilengedwe: m'mabowo ndi zikopa za mitengo kapena zitsa, komanso mphanda m'mitengo ya mitengo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Redstart ilibe zokonda kutalika kwa chisa: mbalamezi zimatha kuzimanga zonse pansi komanso pamwamba pa thunthu kapena munthambi za mtengo.
Nthawi zambiri, mkazi wamkazi amachita nawo ntchito yomanga chisa: amachimanga ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga makungwa amitengo, zimayambira zowuma za masamba obiriwira, masamba, ulusi wopepuka, singano ndi nthenga za mbalame.
Redstarts amadziwika ndi kuyimba kwawo, komwe kumadalira ma trill osiyanasiyana, ofanana ndi mamvekedwe opangidwa ndi mitundu ina ya mbalame, monga finch, starling, flycatcher.
Ndi angati redstarts omwe amakhala
Nthawi ya redstart m'malo ake achilengedwe sipitilira zaka 10. Potengedwa, mbalamezi zimatha kukhala ndi moyo wautali pang'ono.
Zoyipa zakugonana
Ma dimorphism amtundu uwu amatchulidwa: amuna amasiyana kwambiri ndi akazi amtundu. Zowonadi zake, ndithokozo makamaka kwa amuna omwe ali ndi utoto wosiyana ndi utoto wofiirira kapena wabuluu-lalanje kuti mbalameyi idatchedwa dzina, popeza akazi a redstart amakhala amitundu modzichepetsa kwambiri: mumithunzi yofiirira yamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso yolimba. Mwa mitundu ina yamtunduwu, akazi amakhala ndi mtundu wofanana kwambiri ndi wamwamuna.
Ndizosangalatsa! Akazi sangadzitamande ndi utoto wowala motere: kuchokera pamwambapa ndi ofiira-otuwa, ndipo mimba ndi mchira wawo zokha ndizowala, zofiirira.
Chifukwa chake, chachimuna cha redstart wamba, kumbuyo ndi kumutu kumakhala ndi utoto wakuda, pamimba pamadzipaka utoto wofiyira wowoneka bwino, ndipo mchira uli wolimba, wowala lalanje, kotero kuti kuchokera patali zimawoneka ngati zikuyaka ngati lawi. Mphumi za mbalameyi ndizokongoletsedwa ndi malo oyera owala, ndipo pakhosi ndi khosi pambali ndizakuda... Chifukwa chosakanikirana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyanayi, redstart yamphongo imawonekera patali, ngakhale mbalamezi sizikulu kukula.
Mitundu ya Redstart
Pakadali pano pali mitundu 14 yoyambiranso:
- Alashan Redstart
- Redstart redstart
- Woyambira mutu wakuda
- Black Redstart
- Redstart wamba
- Redstart yakumunda
- Choyambiranso choyera
- Kuyambiranso ku Siberia
- Choyambiranso choyera
- Wofiira wofiira wofiira
- Choyambiranso chobiriwira chamtambo
- Wofiira kwambiri
- Luzon Water Redstart
- Choyambiranso choyera choyera
Kuphatikiza pa mitundu yomwe ili pamwambapa, panali mitundu yofiira yomwe idasowa yomwe idakhala m'dera lamakono la Hungary nthawi ya Pliocene.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Mitundu ya redstarts imafalikira kudera la Europe komanso, makamaka Russia... Imayambira ku Great Britain ndikukwera Transbaikalia ndi Yakutia. Mbalamezi zimakhalanso ku Asia - makamaka ku China komanso kumapiri a Himalaya. Mitundu ina ya redstart imakhala kumwera - mpaka India ndi Philippines, ndipo mitundu yambiri imapezeka ngakhale ku Africa.
Mitundu yambiri yofiira imakonda kukhazikika m'nkhalango, kaya ndi yotambalala bwino kapena yotentha kwambiri m'nkhalango: wamba komanso mapiri. Koma mbalamezi sizimakonda nkhalango zowirira ndikuzipewa. Nthawi zambiri, redstart imapezeka m'mphepete mwa nkhalango, m'minda yosiyidwa ndi mapaki, komanso m'malo osalaza nkhalango, pomwe pali zitsa zambiri. Ndipamene mbalame zazing'ono zimakonda kukhala: ndipotu m'malo ngati amenewa ndikosavuta kupeza pobisalira pakagwa ngozi, komanso zinthu zomangira chisa.
Zakudya zoyambiranso
Redstart nthawi zambiri imakhala mbalame yosokoneza. Koma kugwa, nthawi zambiri amadyetsa zakudya zamasamba: mitundu yambiri yamitengo kapena zipatso zam'munda, monga wamba kapena chokeberry, currant, elderberry.
Ndizosangalatsa! Redstart siyinyoza tizilombo tina ndipo nthawi yotentha imawononga tizirombo tambiri, monga tizilomboti, tizilomboto, nsikidzi, mbozi zosiyanasiyana, udzudzu ndi ntchentche. Zowona, tizilombo tothandiza monga, akangaude kapena nyerere, zimatha kugwidwa ndi mbalameyi.
Komabe, redstarts ndiwothandiza kwambiri kupha tizirombo tambiri ta m'minda ndi m'nkhalango. Atagwidwa, mbalamezi nthawi zambiri zimadyetsedwa ndi tizilombo amoyo komanso chakudya chapadera.
Kubereka ndi ana
Monga mwalamulo, amuna amabwerako nyengo yachisanu masiku angapo asanachitike akazi ndipo nthawi yomweyo amayamba kufunafuna malo oti amange chisa. Pochita izi, amapeza dzenje loyenera, chitsime mumtengo, kapena ngakhale mulu wa nkhuni zakufa womwe wagona pansi. Mbalameyi siyisiya malo osankhidwawo ndipo salola omenyana nawo pafupi nayo, omwe angaichotse.
Akazi atafika, mwambowo umayamba... Ndipo, ngati wosankhidwayo ali wokhutira ndi zonse zazimuna komanso malo omwe iye wamusankha, amamanga chisa ndikuikapo mazira asanu kapena asanu ndi anayi amtundu wobiriwira wabuluu. Pafupifupi, redstart amakhala pafupifupi masiku 7-8 kuti amange chisa, chifukwa chimayandikira bizinesi iyi bwinobwino.
Mkazi amaikira mazira kwa masiku khumi ndi anayi. Kuphatikiza apo, m'masiku oyamba, amasiya chisa mwachidule kuti akapeze chakudya, ndipo akabwerera, amatembenuza mazirawo kuti asagone mbali imodzi, chifukwa zimasokoneza kukula kwa anapiye. Ngati mkaziyo kulibe kwa nthawi yoposa kotala la ola, ndiye kuti mwamunayo amatenga malo ake mpaka abwerera.
Ngati mazira omwe mbalame zimayikira kapena ana amafa pazifukwa zina, awiri amtundu watsopano amapanganso zina. Redstarts amabadwa opanda thandizo: amaliseche, akhungu komanso ogontha. Kwa milungu iwiri, makolo amadyetsa ana awo. Amabweretsa tizilombo tating'ono ting'ono, monga ntchentche, akangaude, udzudzu, mbozi ndi kachilomboka kakang'ono kokhala ndi chivundikiro chosavuta kwambiri.
Ndizosangalatsa! Poyamba, ngakhale anapiye asanabereke, yaikazi siyimasiya chisa, chifukwa apo ayi amatha kuzizira. Pakadali pano, chachimuna chimabweretsa chakudya osati cha ana okha, komanso cha iye.
Pakakhala zoopsa, mbalame zazikulu zimayamba kuuluka kuchokera panthambi ina kupita ku ina, zikulira mofuula, modzidzimutsa ndipo, potero, zimayesa kuthamangitsa chilombocho kapena kuzisamalira. Patadutsa milungu iwiri, anapiye omwe sangathe kuuluka amayamba kuchoka pachisa, koma samapita kutali ndi icho. Makolo kwa sabata ina, mpaka atayamba kuthawa, amadyetsedwa. Ndipo pambuyo poti nyenyezi zoyambirirazo zaphunzira kuuluka, pamapeto pake zimakhala zodziyimira pawokha. Ma redstarts amawoneka kuti afika pokhwima pakumapeto kwa chaka chawo choyamba chamoyo.
Mbalame zazikulu, zitatha anapiye atasiya chisa chawo, zimapanga mazira ena achiwiri, motero, nthawi yachisanu, ma redstarts samatha kuthyola amodzi, koma ana awiri. Nthawi yomweyo, amatenga chomaliza chomaliza chilimwe chisanafike Julayi, kotero kuti anapiye awo onse akhale ndi nthawi yokwaniritsa ndikuphunzira kuuluka bwino pofika nthawi yomwe adzagone m'nyengo yachisanu. Chosangalatsanso kwambiri ndi chakuti, mbalamezi sizikhala za mtundu umodzi wokha, komanso, yamphongo imatha "kukhalabe ndiubwenzi" nthawi yomweyo ndi akazi awiri kapena kupitilira apo. Nthawi yomweyo, amasamalira ana ake onse, koma m'njira zosiyanasiyana: amayendera chisa chimodzi nthawi zambiri kuposa ena ndipo amakhala nthawi yayitali kumeneko kuposa enanso.
Adani achilengedwe
Mwa adani achilengedwe a redstart, malo apadera amakhala ndi mbalame zodya nyama, usana ndi usiku.... Akhwangwala, magpies ndi mbalame zina zamphongo zomwe zimakhala m'minda ndi m'mapaki ndizoopsa kwa mtundu uwu.
Zinyama zomwe zimatha kukwera mitengo, makamaka za banja la weasel, amathanso kusaka redstart ndikudya akulu ndi ana komanso mazira. Zowopsa pamtunduwu, komanso mbalame zonse zodzala pamitengo, zimayimilidwa ndi njoka, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimapeza zisa zoyambiriranso ndikudya mazira, anapiye, ndipo nthawi zina mbalame zazikulu zikagwidwa modzidzimutsa.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Redstart wamba ndi mtundu wofala, moyo wabwino womwe suopsezedwa ndi chilichonse, ndipo wapatsidwa mwayi wokhala Wosasamala. Ndi mitundu ina yamtunduwu, sizinthu zonse zili bwino, chifukwa, mwachitsanzo, kuyambiranso madzi ku Luzon ndikomwe kumakhalapo ndipo kumangokhala gawo laling'ono, kuti kusintha kwanyengo kapena zochitika zachuma zaumunthu zitha kupha mbalamezi.
Mkhalidwe wa mitundu ina
- Alashan Redstart: "Yandikirani malo ovuta."
- Redback Redstart: Osadandaula.
- Wotuwa waimvi: Wosasamala.
- Black Redstart: "Osadandaula."
- Field Redstart: Osadandaula.
- Redstart yoyera poyera: Kuda nkhawa Kwambiri.
- Redstart waku Siberia: Osadandaula.
- Redstart Woyera-Woyera: Wosasamala.
- Red-bellied Redstart: Osasamala.
- Redstart Yotsogolo Buluu: Osadandaula.
- Wotuwa waimvi: Wosasamala.
- Luzon Water Redart: "Pamalo Ovutikira."
- Redstart yoyera ndi zoyera: Osadandaula.
Monga mukuwonera, mitundu yambiri yoyambiranso ndiyambiri komanso yolemera, ngakhale kuti kusinthasintha kwachilengedwe kukukula. Komabe, ngakhale zili choncho, m'malo ena amitundu yawo, mbalamezi zitha kukhala zochepa, monga, mwachitsanzo, zimapezeka ku Ireland, komwe redstarts ndizosowa kwambiri ndipo sizikhala chaka chilichonse.
Ndizosangalatsa!M'mayiko angapo, akuchitapo kanthu kuti asunge kuchuluka kwa mbalamezi, mwachitsanzo, ku France kuletsa kupha dala kwa mbalamezi, kuwononga ndata zawo ndikuwononga zisa zawo. Komanso mdziko muno ndizoletsedwa kugulitsa zoyambiriratu kapena ziwalo za thupi lawo, ndi mbalame zamoyo.
Redstart ndi kambalame kakang'ono kakang'ono ka mpheta kokhala ndi nthenga zowala, zosiyana, zomwe zimaphatikizira mitundu yonse yozizira yamtambo wabuluu kapena wabuluu, komanso matayala amtundu wosalowerera kuphatikiza ndi ofiira amoto ofiira kapena ofiira. Ndi wofala kwambiri ku Northern Hemisphere, momwe mumakhala nkhalango, minda, ndi malo osungira nyama. Mbalameyi, yomwe imadyetsa makamaka tizilombo, imathandiza kwambiri, imawononga tizirombo ta m'nkhalango ndi m'minda.
Redstart nthawi zambiri amasungidwa mu ukapolo, chifukwa amasintha moyo wawo m khola ndipo amatha kukhalamo zaka zingapo. Zowona, oyambira pachiwopsezo samaimba kawirikawiri ali muukapolo. Koma m'chilengedwe, ma trill awo amatha kumveka ngakhale mumdima, mwachitsanzo, kusanache kapena kusanalowe.
