Nsomba yotchedwa muksun ndi ya gulu la salmonids, mtundu wa whitefish, banja loyera. Woimira mtunduwo ndi wachibale wapafupi wa Baikal omul. Nsomba zimapezeka m'madzi osungira madzi abwino, amtengo wapatali, kugwidwa ndi kuwetedwa pamalonda ndi anthu komanso amalonda akumpoto kwa Russian Federation.
Kufotokozera kwa muksun
Nyama ya Muksun ili ndi kapangidwe kapadera... Chifukwa chake, imafaniziridwa bwino ndi mitundu ina ya nsomba zamadzi amchere ndi kukoma kwake. Ngakhale anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a chiwindi ndi impso amaloledwa kuwonjezera pa zakudya zawo, ndipo amasangalalanso ndi othamanga omwe amayang'anitsitsa zakudya zawo.
Maonekedwe
Pali nsomba zambiri m'banja la nsomba. Koma nsomba za muksun ndiimodzi mwoyimira kwambiri. Kuyambira kale, pomwe sterlet anali kugulitsa zidebe pamisika yamisodzi, muksun anali kugulitsidwa ndi chidutswacho. Maonekedwe a woimira mtunduwo amadziwika ndi mitundu yake.
Maonekedwe ake, muksun ndiwosiyana kwambiri ndi abale ake - ali ndi thupi lopindika. Thupi lotambasulidwira mbali limafewa mbali. Mtundu wa nsombazo ndiwosokoneza: pansi pa mdima, pafupi ndi thupi lonse, nsana ndi wopepuka, gawo la silvery. Mimba ndi yoyera. Zitsanzo zamtsinje zimakhala ndi golide wagolide. Mtundu uliwonsewo ndi utoto wina womwe nsombayo umagwira ntchito kwambiri, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yosaoneka m'mbali yamadzi. Mutu ndi mchira zili pamalo okwezeka pang'ono; pakutha kwa kutha msinkhu, hump imayamba kuonekera mu nsomba chifukwa cha izi, ndikupangitsa kukhotetsa kuti kuzindikire.
Ndizosangalatsa!Kulemera kwakukulu kwa mtundu wachikulire wa mtundu wa whitefish kumakhala pakati pa 1 mpaka 2 kilogalamu. Awa ndi mamembala ofunikira kwambiri amtunduwu. Muksun amadziwika kuti ndi wamkulu, wolemera makilogalamu 3 mpaka 4. Panalinso milandu nsomba zazikulu, zolemera makilogalamu 8-12. Kutalika kwa thupi la muksun aliyense ndi masentimita 74.
Mawonekedwe a mutuwo ndi osasunthika, pakamwa pamakhala pansi. Nsagwada zakumunsi zimayang'ana kutsogolo pang'ono, zomwe zimapatsa nsomba mwayi wosonkhanitsa nkhono zazing'ono, mwachangu kapena tizilombo kuti tidye. Kuchuluka kwa ma gill rakers kumathandizira kusefa nyama kuchokera pansi, zomwe zimakhala zabwino makamaka kwa nyama zazing'ono zomwe zimakonda kudya plankton.
Moyo, machitidwe
Nsomba za muksun nthawi zambiri zimakhala zazing'ono-anadromous. Imasankha matupi amadzi amchere kapena amchere wamchere kuti azikhalamo, komwe amadyetsa kwambiri. Nsombazi sizimafa zikamabereka. Muksun, amatha kuthana ndi makilomita 1-2 zikwi zikwi kumtunda kwa mtsinje kuti akasunge mazira, pambuyo pake amabwerera kunyumba kuti akapezenso bwino ndikubala ana mobwerezabwereza mtsogolo.
Kodi muksun amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji
Kutalika kwakukhala ndi moyo wa muksun kumakhala zaka 16 mpaka 20. Komabe, asodzi komanso nsomba zazitali zomwe zafika zaka 25 zakwaniritsidwa.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Muksun amakopeka ndi malo osungira oyera ndi madzi abwino kapena amchere... Madziwo ayenera kukhala oyera. Chifukwa chake, sizingafike kutali kunyanja. Muksun amakhutira ndi mitsinje yayikulu, komwe madzi amatha kusakanikirana pang'ono ndi madzi am'nyanja ndikukhala ndi mchere pang'ono.
Kupatulapo okha ndi angapo mayendedwe, kumene zikhalidwe za nsomba izi whimsical si abwino.
Ndizosangalatsa!Muksun ndi wochuluka m'madzi a mitsinje ya Lena ndi Yenisei. Mawonekedwe amtsinje wa lacustrine amapezeka m'madzi monga Lama, Taimyr ndi Glubokoe.
Mutha kukumana ndi nsomba za muksun mumtsinje uliwonse waku Siberia Russia. Amapezekanso m'madzi a m'nyanja ya Arctic. Ndi m'madzi amchere pang'ono a m'nyanja ya Arctic pomwe muksun amapezeka nthawi zambiri. Chiwerengero chachikulu kwambiri cha omwe akuyimira mitunduyo chakhazikika mumitsinje Tom ndi Ob. Muksun amakhala kuno chaka chonse. M'mitsinje ina, nthawi zambiri imasamukira, ndikupanga ziweto. Mawonekedwe am'madzi amtunduwu amakhalanso chimodzimodzi.
Zakudya za Muksun
Kwenikweni, zakudya za nsomba zosiyanasiyana zimadalira nyengo komanso momwe zinthu zilili. M'chilimwe, ma crustaceans ndi molluscs amagwiritsidwa ntchito, m'nyengo yozizira amayenera kusokonezedwa ndi zooplankton. Zinyama zazing'ono, zomwe zimalephera kusaka ndi kukonza chakudya chachikulu, zimadyetsa plankton konse. Pochita izi, nsombazi zimakhala ndi ma gill mbale omwe amakhala ngati zosefera. Amathandizira kulekanitsa zakudya zam'madzi kuchokera kumtunda ndi mumtsinje, ndikupatsa nsomba chakudya chomwe amafunikira.
Menyu yayikulu ya muksun imakhala ndi ma crustaceans, caviar (mitundu yonse ya nsomba ndi zawo), mwachangu ndi zooplankton. Pakubzala, nsomba zimadya modzichepetsa, osakulitsa mafuta, koma zimangokwaniritsa zosowa zawo zoyambirira zothandizira moyo. Cholinga chachikulu cha muksun panthawiyi ndikufika mwachangu pamalo okongola okhala ndi pansi yoyera komanso mwachangu pakukonzekera kubala. Popeza izi ziyenera kuchitika mwachangu, kuti mukhale munthawi madzi oundana oyamba asanawonekere pamadamu.
Kubereka ndi ana
Nsomba za muksun zimayamba kubala madzi oundana akasungunuka m'mitsinje. Kuti ziberekane, zimayenda mtunda wamakilomita chikwi kupita mmwamba. Kusiyana kwakukulu koteroko kumatha kugonjetsedwa pakatikati pa nthawi yophukira. Pogona, nsombayo ikufunafuna malo okhala ndi mwala woyera kapena pansi pamchenga komanso mphepo yamphamvu, malowa adzakhala osangalatsa kwambiri muksun. Nthawi yobereka imatha mu Novembala, ndipo imayamba ndikuwonekera kwa madzi oundana oyamba pamwamba pamadzi.
Ndizosangalatsa!Muksun amasiya kubala akangotentha kutentha kwamadzi pansi pa 4 digiri Celsius.
Chiwerengero cha ana chimadalira kukula kwa nsomba ya amayi yomwe. Litala limodzi "limakwanira" mazira 40 mpaka 60,000. Munthawi yamoyo, m'modzi wa akazi otere amatha kuyenda maulendo pafupifupi 3-4 kuti abereke, popeza nsomba sizimapita mumtsinje chaka chilichonse. Mkazi ali ndi mphamvu zokwanira kuti abwerere kumalo olonjezedwa, koma pakubala kwotsatira amafunika kupeza mphamvu, kuchira, kuthira mafuta.
Mazirawo amapsa kwa miyezi isanu.... Pambuyo pakukhwima, mwachangu akhanda amagubuduzika ndimadzi am'madzi (akasinja) kapena m'mitsinje. Nsomba zomwe zakula zimawerengedwa kuti ndizokhwima pogonana atakwanitsa zaka khumi. Amayi amakula pang'ono pambuyo pake. Nthawi zambiri, muksun amawerengedwa kuti ndi okonzeka kuswana akangofika magalamu 800. Tikuwona chiwopsezo chachikulu cha nsomba munthawi imeneyi kuti chimaloledwa kusaka nyama m'malo okhala ndi malamulo, ndipo kupha milandu kumazengedwa mlandu ndi lamulo mokwanira. Nthawi yomweyo, milandu yokhudza kusodza pamasewera achisanu amaloledwa, nsomba zikagwidwa ndikumasulidwa.
Adani achilengedwe
Kumtchire, nsomba za muksun zimakhala ndi adani achilengedwe ochepa kuposa gombe. Itha kukhala nyama yolusa yayikulu, komabe, anthu amawerengedwa kuti ndi omenya nkhondo yayikulu kwambiri. Ndi nsomba zosalamulirika zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri anthu a muksun. Sizosangalatsa kwanthawi yayitali kuti, kwa nthawi yayitali, anthu omwe amakhala m'malo oyandikira malo okhala ndi mitundu iyi amatchedwa muksunnik. Popeza kwa zaka zambiri kugwira muksun amawerengedwa kuti ndi ndalama zawo zazikulu.
Mwamwayi, pakadali pano sikuthekanso kukumana ndi mitembo ya nsomba zouma pamwamba pa madzi oundana, mopupuluma osiyidwa ndi opha nyama zopanda nyama. Nsombazi zimayang'aniridwa mosamala ndikuyang'aniridwa ndi oyang'anira usodzi.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Mtengo wamtengo wapatali woterewu wa nyama ya muksun watsogolera ku nsomba zake zosalamulirika. Zotsatira zake, anthu adayamba kuchepa mwachangu, m'madzi momwe muksun anali opezeka kale ambiri - tsopano ndizosowa kuzipeza.
Ndizosangalatsa!Momwe imakhalira, nsomba imadziwika ngati mtundu wamalonda. Komabe, makamaka pakamwa pa Mtsinje wa Ob, chifukwa cha kusodza kosalamulirika, kuchuluka kwake kumachepetsedwa kwambiri. Zinthu zikuwonongeka mofulumira m'matumba ena amadzi omwe kale anali ndi anthu ambiri.
Nsombazi zimakhala zopanda chitetezo makamaka panthawi yopuma. Popeza opha nyama mosadziwa ambiri amadziwa njira zoyendera za muksun, amazigwira molunjika kuchokera pamayendedwe ambiri. Chifukwa chake, masukulu obzala nsomba ndiwo omwe ali pachiwopsezo chachikulu. Chifukwa chake, ntchito zoyang'anira usodzi, kuti aletse opha nyama osakhutira, nthawi zambiri amatsagana ndi nsombazo paulendo wawo wokwera paliponse kutalika kwa njirayo.
Mtengo wamalonda
Muksun, monga tanenera kale, ndi nsomba yapadera potengera nyama yake. Ichi ndi chokoma chenicheni, mnofu wake, mosasamala kanthu komwe amapezeka kapena ngakhale kuzizira kwanthawi yayitali, ukupitilira kununkhiza kwapadera kwa nsomba ina iliyonse - yofanana ndi fungo la nkhaka zomwe zangodulidwa kumene. Zinthu zofunikira za woimira nsomba iyi yoyera sangathenso kuchotsedwa. Ndi chifukwa chake kufunika kwa nsomba zabwino kwambiri kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri, chifukwa chake, anthu akucheperachepera.
Pamipukutu ya nsomba, amapempha ma ruble 700 pa kilogalamu pa nyama yokoma imeneyi. Kupatula zoyendera kupita kumadera akutali a Russian Federation. Kupatula kumatha kupangidwira okhawo omwe ali ndi ziwengo - zoterezi ndizotsutsana nawo.
Ndizosangalatsa!Popita nthawi, muksun sinangokhala chinthu chogwidwa, komanso kuswana. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama paulimi wa nsomba.
Amakhulupirira kuti nyama ya muksun siyitha kutenga tiziromboti, ndichifukwa chake tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tidye ngakhale yaiwisi.... Mwachilengedwe, kulingalira mwanzeru, ndizosatheka kutsimikizira kuti nyama ya nsomba iliyonse ndi yotetezeka, makamaka popeza woimira mtunduwo amakonda kukwera m'mitsinje. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kuti muzitha kutentha bwino musanagwiritse ntchito. Nsombazo ziyenera kuphikidwa, kuphikidwa, kukazinga kapena kuzizira pakatentha kosapitirira -40 digiri Celsius.
Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa:
- Mtsinje
- Coho, PA
- Nsomba zopanda mamba
- Zander
Tsoka ilo, mafiriji ozizira alibe mphamvu imeneyi. Chifukwa chake, pokonza mbale kuchokera ku nsomba zatsopano, m'pofunika kugula zopangira kuchokera kwa opanga fide omwe amayang'anitsitsa katunduyo ngati ali ndi kachilombo ka parasitic.
