Bakha wa Bashkir ali mgulu la nkhuku zamtundu wa dzira ndipo pano akuwerengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwamagulu opambana kwambiri pankhaniyi. Obereketsa a Bashkiria sanabereke mtunduwu makamaka, ndipo njira yonse ya mawonekedwe ake idatengera kusankha kwa abakha osintha a mtundu wa Peking, chifukwa chake zotsatira zake zidangochitika mwangozi.
Kufotokozera za bakha wa Bashkir
Bakha wa Bashkir ali ndi chifuwa chotsogola, cholimba komanso cholimba, chachikulu, chamiyendo yayitali, miyendo yayifupi... Mutuwo ndiwofewa pamwamba. Mbali ya khosi ndi yaifupi, yopindika, yopindika panja. Mlomo wa mbalameyi ndi wokhota komanso wotambalala, ndikukhala ndi mbale zowala bwino komanso "marigold" wamkulu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Chosangalatsa ndichakuti khosi lalifupi la bakha lili ndi mafupa ambiri, ngakhale kuyerekezera ndi chinyama cha khosi lalitali ngati chong'onong'ono.
Kukula kwapadera pamlomo kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi bakha kuti agwire mosavuta udzu womwe ukukula. Mapiko a bakha la Bashkir amadziwika ndi kulimba thupi. Mtundu uwu, limodzi ndi mbalame zina zowuluka, zimadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa keel wopangidwa bwino komanso wautali.
Maonekedwe
Chinthu choyambirira chomwe chidapangitsa kusiyanitsa bakha wa Bashkir ndi unyinji wonse wa mbalame pakusankha chinali nthenga zapadera kwambiri. Mtundu wa nthenga za omwe akuyimira mtunduwu uli pafupi kwambiri ndi mtundu wa anthu okhala kuthengo. Chifukwa cha nthenga zofiirira, ngakhale munthu wamba akhoza kudziwa mosavuta kugonana kwa ankhandwe. Nthenga imakhala ndi mthunzi wowala kuyambira kumbuyo mpaka kumimba, ndipo mawonekedwe owala a lalanje amadziwika ndi milomo ndi miyendo.
Pakadali pano pali mitundu yoyera ndi yoyera ya bakha la Bashkir:
- Mitundu yoyera imakhala ndi mawu oyera oyera mu nthenga. Pofika miyezi iwiri, mbalame yotere imakhala yolemera makilogalamu 3.5 ndipo siyofunikira kwenikweni pachakudya chonse;
- Mitundu imvi imasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wa nthenga zaimvi kapena yakuda ndipo ikafika miyezi iwiri imakhala yolemera 3.4-3.6 kg;
- Mitundu ya buluu imadziwika ndi mawonekedwe okongola, koma pofika zaka zisanu ndi zitatu imafika pamlingo wopitilira 3.0 kg.
Poterepa, mawonekedwe azakugonana amaoneka bwino mumitundu yonse. Drakes amadziwika ndi mtundu wonyezimira, womwe pamwezi uliwonse anthu amayamba kukhala ndi utoto wakuda, makamaka m'chigawo chapamwamba cha khosi, mutu ndi mchira. Mwa zina, ma drakes sadziwa momwe angabwerere konse. Zingwe za bakha zilibe mathero amitsempha ndi mitsempha yamagazi, chifukwa chomwe nkhuku zotere zimatha kuyenda modekha, pamalo otentha, komanso pachisanu kapena pa ayezi.
Moyo, machitidwe
Kukhazikika kwamakhalidwe ndi mawonekedwe a oimira mtundu wa bakha wa Bashkir amalola kukwaniritsa magwiridwe antchito potengera kulemera ndi kukhazikika kwa mulingo wopanga dzira, ngakhale atakhala kuti akukula.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ndikutentha kwake, bakha wa Bashkir ndi mbalame yodekha kwambiri komanso yosavuta yomwe imagwirizana bwino ndi ziweto zina ndipo imazolowera eni ake msanga.
Pamisonkhano yambiri yakunyumba ndi yakunja kwa eni nkhuku zotere, zotsatira zabwino zimawonetsedwa ndikukula m'minda yapayokha, komanso momwe zimakhalira ndi khola lakale, khola komanso kuphatikiza msipu wokhazikika.
Zakudya za bakha wa Bashkir
Mbali ya abakha onse, kuphatikiza mtundu wa Bashkir, ndi kupezeka kwa matumbo ofupikira kwambiri... Izi zikufotokozera kufunikira kwakusamala pakugwiritsa ntchito zakudya zapadera ndikutsatira mosamalitsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya. Zakudya zofananira za omwe akuyimira mtunduwo, zomwe zimafunikira kagayidwe koyenera, zimaphatikizapo kupatsa chakudya m'magawo ang'onoang'ono, ndizomwe zimapanga zinthu zomwe zimayamwa bwino ndi thupi la nkhuku zomwe zikukula mofulumira.
Ndizosangalatsa! Zakudya za tsiku ndi tsiku za kuswana nkhuku pamisinkhu yosiyanasiyana zimakula mosiyanasiyana ndipo zimasankhidwa mosamalitsa, malinga ndi zosowa ndi msinkhu.
Zakudya zazing'ono
M'masiku oyambilira, ankhandwe ayenera kudyetsedwa ndi mazira owiritsa, ndipo mbale yakumwa iyenera kudzazidwa ndi potaziyamu permanganate yofooka. Achichepere amtundu wa bakha wa Bashkir ndi odzichepetsa pakudya, chifukwa chake atha kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudyetsa achikulire.
Zokwanira kudyetsa ankhandwe:
- kukoka mbewu zosiyanasiyana;
- chakudya chapamwamba kwambiri cha soya;
- ufa wazitsamba;
- ufa wa mafupa ndi nsomba;
- yisiti yodyetsa kwambiri;
- Zakudya zobiriwira monga dandelions, nyemba, ndi lunguzi
- zinyalala zabwino;
- kaloti grated, mbatata yophika.
Makungu a bakha akamakula ndikukula mchakudya, ndikofunikira kuti pang'onopang'ono muziwonjezera kuchuluka kwa chakudya chobiriwira. Chofunikira chachikulu pamtundu uliwonse wazakudya ndizabwino zake komanso kutsitsimuka. Chofunika kwambiri m'nyengo yachilimwe chimaperekedwa kwa dandelion, clover ndi nyemba zamasamba, tirigu asanadze maluwa, lungu losaphika, komanso masamba a kabichi, karoti kapena nsonga za beet.
Kugwiritsa ntchito chakudya chokhwima, chovunda, chofewa komanso chowawa mukamadya ankhandwe ndichomwe chimayambitsa matenda am'mimba ndi opatsirana omwe angayambitse kufa kwa nkhuku. Pochepetsa kuchuluka kwa ana omwe amafa, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tizipereka chakudya chouma komanso madzi akumwa oyera.
Posankha chakudya chophatikizidwa cha abakha, ndikofunikira kulabadira kapangidwe kake, kuchuluka kwa mavitamini, michere, komanso zinthu zofunikira, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimafooketsa mafupa a mbalame kapena kugwa pansi. Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwama sulfure okhala ndi amino acid nthawi zambiri kumakhala chifukwa chachikulu chotayira nthenga msanga mu nyama.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ngati mbatata yophika imawonjezeredwa pachakudya, ndiye kuti mupewe solanine poyizoni wa mbalameyo, ndikofunikira kukhetsa madzi omwe mbewuyo idaphika.
Pafupifupi miyezi itatu zakubadwa, magwiridwe antchito a coccygeal gland amakhazikika kwathunthu mu bakha wachinyamata wa Bashkir, chifukwa chake, nkhuku zazikuluzikuluzi zimatha kutulutsidwa momasuka mosungira mwachilengedwe. Mwa zina, ndikofunikira kuwonjezera miyala yoyera, osakhwima kwambiri, ku chakudya kapena kutsanulira mu chidebe china.... Kwa mbalame yomwe yakwanitsa milungu itatu yakubadwa, zinyalala zodulidwa zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana.
Zakudya za abakha akuluakulu
Chakudya cha bakha wamkulu wa Bashkir chiyenera kusankhidwa poganizira msinkhu ndi chikhalidwe chawo, koma zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudyetsa nkhuku zotere ndi:
- silage ngati masamba otsekemera, zitsamba, kaloti ndi kabichi, dzungu;
- masamba odulidwa;
- chakudya chobiriwira komanso chopatsa thanzi.
Pofuna kudyetsa m'mawa, ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito phala lathanzi, ndipo madzulo ndibwino kupereka tirigu wathunthu kapena wophukira kwa nkhuku, chakudya chapadera.
Ndizosangalatsa! Chofunika kwambiri pamtunduwu ndikufunikiranso kuti mbalameyo ikhale ndi madzi akumwa okwanira okwanira komanso malo osambira ochepa.
Oimira mtundu wa bakha wa Bashkir akuwonetsa dzira labwino kwambiri mukamadyetsa nkhuku ndi silage yophatikizika potengera gawo limodzi la udzu, magawo atatu a kabichi ndi masamba asanu ndi limodzi a kabichi.
Kuswana ndi kulima
Mutha kubzala bakha wa Bashkir kudzera pachofungatira kapena ndi akazi, ndipo ana omwe amatsatiridwawo amaikidwa m'malo osungira ana kapena khola lokhala ndi zowunikira zokwanira. Bakha ang'onoang'ono ali pachiwopsezo chotenga matenda osiyanasiyana, motero ndikofunikira kuwunika thanzi la nkhuku. Kwa ana, zinyalala zoyera komanso zakuya ziyenera kulinganizidwa, komanso kutentha kwabwino kwa 30zaKUCHOKERA.
Pafupifupi miyezi itatu zakubadwa, kutentha kumatha kutsika mpaka 18-21zaC, kusunga kuunika kwa teni koloko. M'ngululu ndi chilimwe, kuunika kwachilengedwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka posungira nkhuku. Njira yosakanizira kuswana imatsatira kutsatira malamulo ena:
- kugwiritsa ntchito mazira atsopano opanda zopindika;
- kusunga sabata loyamba la kutentha 38zaC ndi chinyezi pa 70%;
- kupanga mazira ozungulira katatu kapena kanayi patsiku;
- kutsika kwa kutentha kuyambira tsiku lachisanu ndi chitatu kufikira tsiku lakhumi ndi chisanu la makulitsidwe mpaka 37.8zaNdikutulutsa dzira kasanu;
- kuziziritsa mazira pambuyo pa sabata lachiwiri la makulitsidwe kwa kotala la ola limodzi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Gulu lolondola la kuswana limakupatsani mwayi wopulumutsa ziweto momwe zingathere, ndipo zotayika zonse pakukweza, monga lamulo, sizidutsa 10%.
Ngati zofunikira zonse zakwaniritsidwa, njira yosungunulira imatenga masiku 25-28, ndikuwongolera njira yoberekera ana a nkhuku, ndikofunikira kufewetsa chipolopolocho powonjezera chinyezi mpaka 90%.
Matenda, zofooka za mtundu
Zachidziwikire, bakha wa Bashkir ali mgulu la mbalame zolimba, koma ngati malamulo osungidwa osatsatiridwa, matenda akulu amatha... Matenda owopsa abakha ndi awa:
- avitaminosis, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayamba motsutsana ndi kusowa kwa mavitamini ofunikira mu chakudya cha tsiku ndi tsiku cha mbalame;
- cloacitis, yomwe ndi njira yotupa kwambiri yamimbambo ya cloaca, ndipo imachitika ndikuchepa kwa mchere, komanso mavitamini A, E ndi D;
- Kuchuluka kwa oviduct, limodzi ndi kutsekula m'mimba kwambiri kapena kudzimbidwa kwanthawi yayitali;
- Kutsekeka kwa kholingo ndi chotupa chifukwa chodyetsa mbalameyo mopambanitsa.
Matenda opatsirana amatha kuyambitsidwa ndi ma virus ambiri, mabakiteriya ndi bowa, koma owopsa komanso ofala kwambiri ndi malungo a paratyphoid, hepatitis, pasteurellosis, komanso ma helminthiases osiyanasiyana. Abakha a Bashkir amalekerera maulamuliro otentha mosavuta, amakhala ndi zizindikilo zabwino zachitukuko komanso minofu yofulumira, yomwe imachitika chifukwa cha chitetezo chamthupi chokwanira.
Ubwino ndi zovuta za mtunduwo
Oimira bakha wa Bashkir amasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi zabwino zambiri, zomwe zikufotokozera kutchuka pakati pa alimi ndi oweta nkhuku zachinsinsi. Ubwino wofunikira kwambiri wosatsutsika wa mtunduwu umaphatikizapo kutha kwambiri, nthawi zambiri 79-80%, komanso kulimbana ndi matenda ambiri a avian.
Ndizosangalatsa! Bakha wa Bashkir ali mgulu la mitundu yomwe imawonetsa phindu lokwanira pakulima kwamalonda.
Nkhuku zotere zimatha kusintha mosavuta nyengo zosiyanasiyana, zimasiyanitsidwa ndi kudzichepetsa pakudya, kupanga dzira labwino komanso kukhwima msanga. Mwazina, nyama imakhala ndi mafuta ochepa komanso kukoma kwabwino.... Zoyipa za mtunduwu zimangophatikizira zina mwazomwe zilipo (kumwa madzi ambiri), komanso osati mitengo yayikulu yopanga dzira.
Ndemanga za eni
Abakha a Bashkir amakhala osasamala posunga ndipo amalimbana ndi zovuta zakunja ndi matenda ena, koma kuti asateteze nkhuku kwambiri, ndikofunikira kutsatira malangizo osavuta awa:
- zofunda ziyenera kukhala zowuma ndi zoyera;
- nthawi ndi nthawi, chipindacho chimachotsedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi soda;
- ukhondo wokhazikika ndikofunikira kuyika bakha pamalopo, komanso posungira;
- Kupewa matenda oopsa kwambiri ndikufa kwa nkhuku, katemera wa panthawi yake amalola;
- nyama zazing'ono za mibadwo yosiyana sizingasungidwe limodzi.
Bakha wodwala amakhala ndiulesi kwambiri, amakhala pansi komanso wamphwayi, komanso mawonekedwe ake, omwe amaimiridwa ndi nthenga zolimba, mapiko otsika komanso kusakhazikika, kusakhazikika. Odwala onse ayenera kukhala kwaokha munthawi yake kuchipinda chobisalira.
Zidzakhalanso zosangalatsa:
- M'nyumba kapena musk bakha
- Chimandarini bakha
- Eider wamba
Kupeza bakha wa Bashkir kuli koyenera komanso kulangizidwa osati kokha pafamu yayikulu, komanso kubwalo lanyumba yaying'ono. Ubwino wa nkhuku zamtunduwu zimapambana zovuta zonse zowusunga, chifukwa chake kutchuka kwa bakha la Bashkir kukukulira pang'onopang'ono komanso pachaka.
