Otters othamanga, okonda kusewera adakopa ambiri chifukwa cha machitidwe awo oseketsa komanso mawonekedwe awo okongola. Ndi nyama zanzeru kwambiri zomwe zimatha kuchita zovuta. Koma kuphatikiza pamikhalidwe yokongola ngati imeneyi, pali zinthu zosayembekezereka. Mwachitsanzo, otter atha kupikisana ndi mwana wa alligator pakumenyana ngakhale kumugonjetsa. Ndipo momwe maluso otsutsanawa amakhalira nyama imodzi, tidzakambirana m'nkhaniyi.
Kufotokozera kwa otter
Otters ndi mamembala a banja la weasel.... Ndiwo nyama zodya zenizeni omwe ali ndi nsagwada zamphamvu ndi mano akulu, opindika. Kapangidwe kameneka kumawathandiza kuti azitha kuthyola zipolopolo za molluscs mosavuta. Mitambo yam'madzi imakhala ndi zikhadabo zotsalira kumbuyo kwawo, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala oopsa kwambiri kumenya.
Maonekedwe
Maonekedwe ndi kukula kwa otter kumadalira mitundu yawo. Ma otter amtsinje amakhala ndi matupi ataliatali, osasunthika, miyendo yayifupi, zala zakumaso, ndi michira yayitali, yoluka. Kusintha konseku ndikofunikira pamoyo wawo wam'madzi. Thupi la otter limakutidwa ndi ubweya wofiirira wonyezimira pamwamba komanso wopepuka, ndikutuluka kwa silvery pamimba. Ubweya womwewo umagawika malaya akunja odontha komanso malaya amkati mwamphamvu kwambiri. Otters amayeretsa ubweya wawo pafupipafupi, chifukwa nyama yomwe ili ndi malaya akuda imatha kufa nthawi yozizira. Ubweya woyela waukhondo umathandiza kutentha, chifukwa otter alibe mafuta m'matupi awo.
Amuna achikulire amtundu wamtsinje amakhala pafupifupi masentimita 120 kutalika, kuphatikiza mchira, ndipo amalemera pakati pa 9 ndi 13 kilogalamu. Akazi achikulire amakhala ocheperako pang'ono. Ma otter am'madzi nthawi zina amalakwitsa chifukwa cha abale awo am'madzi. Komabe, amuna oyimira m'madzi amakula masentimita 180 kukula kwake mpaka 36 kilogalamu. Ma otter am'nyanja amasinthidwa kukhala madzi amchere, amasambira kupita kumtunda kokha kuti apumule kawirikawiri ndikubereka. Zitsanzo zamtsinje zimatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali pamtunda.
Ma otter amtsinje amakonda kusewera pamiyala yoterera kapena m'mphepete mwa chipale chofewa, nthawi zina mumatha kuwona ma groove m matupi awo chipale chofewa. Ma antics awo amapezeka pamasamba a memes pa intaneti, zomwe zimatipangitsa kumwetulira pafupipafupi. Koma musaiwale kuti mawonekedwe atha kunyenga.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Otter ndi achinsinsi kwambiri. Amakopeka ndi malo osiyanasiyana am'madzi, kuyambira mitsinje yaying'ono mpaka mitsinje ikuluikulu, nyanja zamapiri, madoko agombe ndi magombe amchenga. Komabe, otters omwe amakhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja yamchere ayenera kukhala ndi malo okhala madzi abwino kuti asambire. Anthu amakonda kulemba gawo lawo. Pakati pamalire ake, otter amatha kukhala ndi malo angapo opumulirako, otchedwa sofa ndi malo obisika - holts, omwe amatha kukhala patali kwambiri (mpaka 1 km) kuchokera kumtsinje. Otter samamanga zisa. Amakhala ndi maenje a beaver kapena ma nook pansi pamiyala ndi mizu yamitengo.
Ndizosangalatsa!Ma otter amtsinje amagwira ntchito usana ndi usiku, ngati sazindikira ngozi kapena kupezeka kwa munthu pafupi. Nthawi yonse yomwe amakhala ogalamuka amakhala athana ndi ukhondo, kudyetsa komanso masewera akunja. Ma otter amtsinje amakhala akugwira ntchito chaka chonse, ndipo amakhala akuyenda pafupipafupi. Otsalira okha ndi akazi omwe amalera ana.
Kuti muwone otters, muyenera kukhala mwakachetechete pamalo amodzi pamwamba pamadzi. Muyenera kupeza mawonekedwe omwe wowonerayo sadzawonetsedwa m'madzi. Otters a mumtsinje amakhala atcheru, amakhala ndi kumva bwino komanso kununkhiza, koma amakhala osazindikira, ndipo sangathe kuzindikira womuyang'anayo ngati samangoyenda. Ngakhale mawonekedwe abwino a nyamayo, osalimbikira msonkhano wapafupi. Ngakhale nthawi zambiri samaukira anthu, ndizosatheka kuneneratu zamakhalidwe achikazi ndi makanda.
Ndi otter angati omwe amakhala
Kumtchire, otter amakhala ndi moyo mpaka zaka khumi. Akasungidwa bwino mu ukapolo, kutalika kwa moyo wawo kumawonjezekanso.
Zoyipa zakugonana
Amuna ndi akazi otter amawoneka ofanana. Kusiyana kokha kungakhale kukula kwa chinyama, otters amuna nthawi zambiri amakhala okulirapo pang'ono.
Mitundu ya Otter
Pali mitundu 12 ya otters... Anali 13 a iwo mpaka Mtsinje wa Japan Otter utalengezedwa kuti watha mu 2012. Nyama izi zimapezeka kulikonse kupatula Australia ndi Antarctica. Ena ndi amadzi okhaokha, monga ma otter am'nyanja omwe amakhala munyanja ya Pacific.
Ndipo ena amakhala nthawi yochulukirapo theka lawo ali kumtunda, monga nkhanu yotchedwa otter yomwe imakhala m'nkhalango za ku South America. Onsewo amadya nsomba, nkhono zam'madzi, nkhanu ndi nyama zazing'ono zomwe zimapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Mbalame zazikuluzikulu nthawi zambiri zimadyetsa ma piranhas, ndipo ngakhale ma alligator amadziwika kuti amagwera nyama yawo.
Mbalame yaying'ono kwambiri ndi ya kum'mawa kapena yaku Asia. Ichi ndi chinyama chokongola, chofotokoza bwino cholemera kuposa ma kilogalamu 4.5. Otters aang'ono amakhala m'magulu a anthu 6 mpaka 12. Amapezeka m'madambo, m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi mitsinje kumwera kwa Asia, koma kuchuluka kwawo kukuchepa chifukwa malo awo achilengedwe atayika.
European otter, yemwenso amadziwika kuti Eurasian kapena common otter, ndiye mitundu yofala kwambiri. Nyama izi zimakonda kusintha ndipo zimatha kudya zakudya zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimachokera ku nsomba kupita ku nkhanu. Amapezeka ku Europe konse, zigawo zambiri za Asia, komanso madera ena akumpoto kwa Africa. Ma otter awa amakhala okha. Zimagwira usana ndi usiku, ndipo zimasaka m'madzi komanso pamtunda.
Giant otter ndiye nyama yayitali kwambiri, mpaka kutalika masentimita 214 kupatula mchira ndi ma kilogalamu 39 kulemera kwake. Ma otter awa ndiomwe amakhala kwambiri ndipo amakhala ndi moyo wofanana ndi nkhandwe. Magulu osiyana a iwo ali ndi alfa awiri, omwe ndi okhawo omwe amabala ana. Amasakanso m'matumba, amapha ndikudya nyama, anyani ndi ankhondas. Koma mtundu waukulu wa chakudya ndi nsomba.
Chakudyacho chimachokera ku nsomba, zopanda mafupa komanso nyama zazing'ono. Nthawi zina akalulu amasandulika. Awa ndi otters omwe amakonda kukwera mapiri achisanu. Mbalame yotchedwa sea otter ndi yolemetsa kwambiri. Mwamuna wamkulu amafika mpaka makilogalamu 45 kulemera. Ndi nyama yam'madzi yomwe imakhala m'nyanja ya Pacific.
Ndizosangalatsa!Mtsinje wa North America Otter ndi chinyama chotalika masentimita 90 mpaka 12 kutalika kuchokera pamphuno mpaka mchira ndipo chimalemera makilogalamu 18. Nthawi zambiri amakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, samakonda kukhala okha.
Mbalame zotchedwa sea otter sizimapezeka kwenikweni m'mbali mwa nyanja. Amadya ngakhale posambira pamsana wawo pogwiritsa ntchito mimba yawo ngati mbale. Nyama izi zimagwiritsa ntchito miyala yaying'ono kuchokera pansi kuti athyole zipolopolo za molluscs, chomwe ndi chisonyezo cha nzeru zapamwamba.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Madera a Otter amatha kutalikirana kwamakilomita angapo... Utali wonse wamtunduwu umadalira kupezeka kwa chakudya. Amakhulupirira kuti madera ang'onoang'ono amapezeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ali mpaka 2 km. Madera atali kwambiri amapezeka mumitsinje ya Alpine, pomwe anthu pamtunda wa makilomita pafupifupi 20 amakhala nyumba zodyeramo anthu. Gawo la amuna, nthawi zambiri, limakhala lalikulu kuposa la akazi. Nthawi zina zimadutsana. Chiwerengero chonse cha anthu chikuyembekezeka kukhala pafupifupi 10,000.
Malo okhala, otters amatha kugwiritsa ntchito malo angapo. Amakhala m'matanthwe achilengedwe, malo okhala ndi zimbudzi pamizu ya mitengo yomwe imakula m'mbali mwa mitsinje ndi nyanja. Zisa zachilengedwezi zimatuluka kangapo mosawoneka kunja kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo cha nyama. Otter samamanga zisa, koma amatha kukhalamo akalulu kapena beavers. Komanso, otter ili ndi nyumba zopumira - zomwe zili kutali ndi zomera zowirira kutali ndi madzi. Ndikofunikira pamavuto amadzi osefukira.
Zakudya za Otter
Otter a mumtsinje ndi mwayi, amadya zakudya zosiyanasiyana, koma makamaka nsomba. Nthawi zambiri amadya nsomba zazing'ono, zoyenda pang'onopang'ono monga carp, minnows zamatope. Komabe, otters amafunafuna nsomba zomwe zimabereka, kutsatira maulendo ataliatali.
Ndizosangalatsa!Mtsinje wa otters umadya ndi kuphatikizira chakudya mwachangu kwambiri kotero kuti voliyumu yonse yomwe idadyedwa imadutsa m'matumbo mu ola limodzi lokha.
Otter amadyanso nyama zam'madzi zam'madzi, nkhanu, nkhanu, amphibiya, zikumbu zazikulu zam'madzi, mbalame (makamaka kuvulala kapena abakha osambira ndi atsekwe), mazira a mbalame, mazira a nsomba ndi nyama zazing'ono (muskrats, mbewa, ma beavers achichepere). Chakumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira, madzi nthawi zambiri amatsikira pansi pa ayezi m'mitsinje ndi nyanja, zomwe zimasiya mpweya womwe umalola ma otter kuyenda ndi kusaka pansi pa ayezi.
Kubereka ndi ana
Ngakhale otter amatha kuswana nthawi iliyonse pachaka, ambiri amatero nthawi yachilimwe kapena yoyambirira. Mkazi amagwiritsa ntchito ma fungo onunkhira posonyeza kuti amuna ndi okonzeka kukwatira..
Mimba imatenga pafupifupi miyezi iwiri, pambuyo pake timabereka timwana. Nthawi zambiri mumakhala ana awiri kapena atatu m'matumba, koma asanu adanenedwa. Miyezi ina iwiri, ufulu wa ana usanayambe, amayi amawakoka pakati pa nyumba. Achinyamata otter amakhalabe pagulu la miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena kupitilira apo asanabalalike kuti apange mabanja awo.
Adani achilengedwe
Ma otter am'nyanja amagwiritsa ntchito liwiro lawo komanso kuthamanga kuti adziteteze... Mitundu yamitsinje imakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu, makamaka ikakhala kumtunda. Nyama zolusa (mphalapala, agalu amtchire, zigonono ndi zimbalangondo) zimaukira makamaka nyama zazing'ono.
Anthu amatenganso otters am'mitsinje kuti ateteze kuchuluka kwa nsomba m'mayiwewe komanso m'mafamu ogulitsa nsomba ndikupewa kuwonongeka kwa katundu wa anthu. Ubweya wa cholengedwa ichi ndiwothandiza. Zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri anthu otter zimaphatikizapo kuwonongeka kwa madzi chifukwa cha kuipitsa mankhwala komanso kukokoloka kwa nthaka, komanso kusintha kwa malo okhala m'mbali mwa mitsinje chifukwa cha kusintha.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Masiku ano, pali ma 3,000 otters aku California ndi ma 168,000 a ku Alaska ndi aku Russia otter kuthengo. Chiwerengero cha anthu otchedwa Irish otter chimakhalabe chokhazikika kwambiri ku Europe.
Ndizosangalatsa!Pali umboni wina woti kuchepa kwachulukidwe kwa mitunduyi kuyambira koyambirira kafukufuku wapadziko lonse koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 1980.
Tikuyembekeza kuti zomwe zapangitsa kuti izi zitheke zidzathetsedwa kudzera pakupeza madera apadera oteteza zachilengedwe, kuwunika kwamayiko kosalekeza komanso kuwunika kwakukulu. Zowopsa zomwe zilipo kwa otter ndi kupezeka kwa chakudya chosakwanira m'malo awo ndikupezanso malo azisangalalo komanso malo opumira.
