Kufufuza yankho la funso "kodi mimbulu imadya chiyani" kumabweretsa lingaliro loti ndi zamphongo. Amanena kuti nyama zanjala zomwe zataya mtima zimaukira ngakhale zimabisala m'mapanga.
Makhalidwe azakudya za mimbulu
Mmbulu, monga mayini onse, ndi odyetsa, koma, ngakhale amadziwika kuti ndi odyetsa, nthawi ndi nthawi amalumikizana ndi owononga.
Kapangidwe kazakudya
Chakudya chachikulu cha nkhandwe ndi ungulates, omwe kupezeka kwawo ndi kuchuluka kwawo kumatsimikizira kuchuluka kwa nkhandwe.... Khalidwe lake limasinthanso malinga ndi moyo wa anthu osatulutsidwa m'dera linalake.
Mimbulu, kupatula oyimilira, imasaka nyama monga:
- hares, nkhandwe, ma marmots, badgers, ferrets ndi ena;
- nkhandwe ndi agalu oweta;
- makoswe, kuphatikizapo ma gerbils, ma voles, agologolo apansi, ndi ma hamsters;
- mbalame zam'madzi, nthawi zambiri panthawi yawo;
- nkhuku, makamaka nyama zazing'ono ndi ndulu;
- atsekwe (zoweta ndi zakutchire);
- njoka, abuluzi, achule ndi achule (osowa).
Ndizosangalatsa! Nthawi zina nyama zolusa zimasamukira ku chakudya chachilendo kwambiri - ku Kizlyar steppes (pomwe dzombe limayambira pamenepo), zimapeza zitosi za nkhandwe, zomwe zimakhala ndi zotsalira zake zonse.
Kudya munthu wina
Kudya zamtundu wawo sizachilendo m'gulu la nkhandwe, omwe mamembala ake, mosazengereza, amang'amba mnzake wovulala / wofooka m'nyengo yozizira. Nthawi zambiri anthu amene ali ndi njala amapha ofooka akafunika kumenyera chakudya. Ochita nawo mpikisano omwe avulala mwazi pomenyera mkazi nthawi zambiri amang'ambika.
Mimbulu imatenga chizolowezi chodya anzawo ndi mkaka wa amayi awo. Ku malo osungira nyama, ana ankhandwe akuluakulu anang'amba ndi kudya kamwana kakang'ono kwambiri kamene kanasamutsidwa kuchoka ku nyama kupita ku chakudya cha ndiwo zamasamba. Mimbulu imangopha komanso kudya nyama zawo zovulazidwa, komanso samanyoza mitembo ya abale awo. Munthawi yanjala, nyama zimagwiritsa ntchito nyama zina zakufa, ndikupeza malo ophera nyama, manda am'manda, malo osungira nyama kapena zokopa. M'nyengo yozizira, njira yonyamula nkhandwe nthawi zambiri imadutsa m'malo momwe mitembo yovunda imangotayidwa nthawi zonse.
Kusaka, kulanda
Mmbulu umapita kukasaka madzulo, ndikumaliza m'mawa. Ngati kusaka kunayenda bwino, mimbulu imagona kapena kupitiliza kutsatira pambuyo pa usiku woipa.
Kusaka nkhandwe
Pofunafuna nyama, mimbulu imayenda makilomita 50 (ngakhale chipale chofewa). Amatsata njira zambiri, ndichifukwa chake sikutheka kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa ziweto zomwe zili mgululi. Monga lamulo, mulibe zoposa 15 - nyama zazing'ono zazing'ono ziwiri zapitazi zimatengedwa kukasaka.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mtima, chiwindi ndi mapapo zimawerengedwa kuti ndi chakudya chokoma, ndichifukwa chake nthawi zonse amapita kwa wamwamuna wamphamvu kwambiri, mtsogoleri, yemwe amatenga gawo la "womenya" pakusaka.
Atawona gulu la nkhandalo, mimbuluyo imayamba kuthamangitsa mpaka imodzi ya agwape ayamba kutsalira. Atakwaniritsa chandamale, zolusa zimazungulira: ena - kutsogolo, wachiwiri - kuchokera kumbuyo, ena - kuchokera mbali. Atagwetsera nswala pamapazi awo, gululo limakhamukira pagulu la anthu, kuzunza wovulalayo pomalizira pake.Akuluakulu athanzi ndi athanzi nthawi zambiri amalimbana ndi mimbulu, imodzi mwa iwo imafa nthawi zambiri. Zotsalira zomwe zatsala zimathawa mwachangu.
Kodi nkhandwe imadya zochuluka motani?
Chilombocho chimadziwa kufa ndi njala kwa milungu iwiri, koma chimadya mosungidwa, chitatha masewera... Koma ngakhale mmbulu wanjala sungathe kumeza nyama zokwana makilogalamu 25, monga ena amati. M'mimba mwa nkhandwe, 1.5-2 makilogalamu azakudya adapezeka, chifukwa samatenga makilogalamu opitilira 3 nthawi imodzi, ndipo zomwe zimadyedwa mopitilira izi zimangobwerera. Mboni zidawona momwe olanda 7-10 adatafuna kavalo usiku, ndipo nkhandwe ku Turkmenistan yokha idapha mayi wina wachikulire wolemera 10 kg. Koma ziwerengerozi sizikunena za kuchuluka kwa chakudya chomwe chimadyedwa kamodzi, chifukwa gawo lina la mtemboyo labisika ndikuchotsedwa. Kuphatikiza apo, obisala ngati mimbulu, afisi ndi mimbulu amakonda kudya nyama zophedwa ndi mimbulu.
Nyengo
Zakudya za mimbulu zimasiyana (komanso kwakukulu) kutengera nyengo. Kusintha kwakusankha kwa chakudya kumawonetseredwa ndi moyo wamtolo wa nkhandwe - kukhalapo mu nyengo yotentha kumalowetsedwa m'malo osamukasamuka m'nyengo yozizira.
Zakudya zamalimwe
Menyu ya nkhandwe yachilimwe ndiyosangalatsa komanso yopatsa mavitamini, chifukwa imadalira chakudya chambiri cham'mera / nyama, ndi mitundu yake yosiyanasiyana komanso kuchuluka kwake. M'chilimwe, ziwombankhanga zimatha kuzimiririka, zimapereka zilombo zazing'ono komanso zazing'ono.
Kuphatikiza apo, nthawi yotentha, mapuloteni azinyama omwe amadyedwa ndi nkhandwe amawonjezeredwa ndi zida zazomera:
- kakombo wa m'chigwa ndi zipatso za rowan;
- mabulosi abulu ndi lingonberries;
- nightshade ndi mabulosi abulu;
- maapulo ndi mapeyala;
- zipatso zina (kumadera akumwera).
Ndizosangalatsa! Mimbulu imayendera mavwende, komwe imalawa mavwende ndi mavwende, koma nthawi zambiri samadya monga kuwawononga, kuwononga mavwende. M'mapiri a Ural, olusa amatafuna mphukira ya bango lokoma, ndipo samakana mapira osiyanasiyana.
Kum'mwera, mchaka chowonjezerapo chokolola chamatcheri a steppe, mafupa amapezeka mndowe za nkhandwe.
Chakudya chophukira-nthawi yozizira
Kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndi kumayambiriro kwa nthawi yophukira, mimbulu imapitilirabe kusaka nyama zakutchire, kutsata ng'ombe zoweta, kukumba nyumba zosanjikiza / maenje, kusaka nyama zazing'ono (kuphatikiza hares), ndikugwira mbalame zam'madzi m'mbali mwa matupi amadzi. Chakudya chimatha pang'onopang'ono chisanu choyamba chikangogwa. Pakadali pano, mimbulu imasinthiratu mosasunthika, kuphatikiza mphalapala.
M'nyengo yozizira, nyama zimayenda m'misewu yosesa ndipo monyinyirika zimapita m'mbali mwa mseu, zikawona sitima kapena seyala imodzi... M'nyengo yozizira kwambiri, mimbulu imasiya mantha, ndikuyandikira anthu. Apa akukwera m'khola la ziweto, kusaka agalu olondera ndikuyang'ana nyama zakufa, kuphwanya malo okumbirako ng'ombe.
Zakudya zam'masika
Njala yamphongo ya njala imamveka bwino kuti igwire nkhandwe pakhosi kumayambiriro kwamasika, pomwe nyama zolusa zimasanduka adani oyipa kwambiri oweta nyama, makamaka omwe minda yawo ili mchigwa. Pamene kasupe akuyandikira, kuchuluka kwa ziweto zomwe zimadya mmbulu zikukula kwambiri, kufika pachimake pachilimwe, pomwe ana a nkhandwe omwe amakhala ndi njala yayikulu amayamba kulimba pakatundu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Pomwe kutentha kumayamba, nyama zomwe zimadya ku steppe, chipululu komanso tundra zimayamba kuphulika - saigas, nswala, mbawala ndi mbawala. Ndipo pofika nthawi yoti ana awonekere, mimbulu imangoyenda mozungulira malo oberekera, komwe amapha nyama zazing'ono ndi zazikulu.
Pambuyo pa kutentha kwa chipale chofewa komanso kuyamba kwa nyama zambiri (Epulo - Meyi), mimbulu imadziwikanso kuchokera kumiyala mpaka zazing'ono kapena zapakati.
Zakudya kutengera dera
Chakudya cha zolusa chimatsimikizidwanso ndi dera lokhalamo. Mimbulu yomwe imakhala mumtunduma imasaka nyama zamtchire / zoweta m'nyengo yozizira, ndikugogomezera ng'ombe ndi anamgumi. Ali panjira, nyama zazing'ono zimaphedwa, mwachitsanzo, nkhandwe zakumtunda ndi hares. Mimbulu yomwe ikuyenda m'mphepete mwa nyanja mu Nenets Autonomous Okrug imabera misampha ndi misampha, imanyamula mitembo ya nyama zam'madzi zotayidwa ndi mafunde, nsomba ndi zinyalala zamalonda.
M'nkhalango za Tatarstan, nthawi yachisanu chipale chofewa, mimbulu imasaka nyama - ziweto / zowola (68%), hares (21%) ndi makoswe am'mimba (24%). Chakudya chachikulu cha nyama zodya nyama zomwe zimakhala mkatikati mwa nkhalango zakuda ndi nyama zoweta, makoswe ang'ono ndi hares.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mitundu ya nkhandwe kum'mwera kwa Russia imagwiritsa ntchito makoswe ngati mbewa (35%), zovunda (17%), komanso ng'ombe, agalu, mbuzi, nkhosa ndi nkhumba (16%).
M'mimba mwa mimbulu ya ku Caucasus, kuwonjezera pa chakudya cha nyama, njere za chimanga zidapezeka, ndi ku Ukraine (pafupi ndi Kiev) - ngakhale bowa. M'chilimwe, kumpoto kwa Kazakhstan, mimbulu imapha onse:
- hares;
- makoswe ang'onoang'ono (ma voles ambiri amadzi);
- ptarmigan wachichepere ndi grouse yakuda;
- abakha achichepere ndi osungunuka;
- mbawala zamphongo ndi nkhosa (zosowa).
Mimbulu yomwe yakhazikika m'chipululu cha Betpak-Dala imadyetsa makamaka ma saigas, mbawala ndi hares, osayiwala za akamba, ma jerboas, ma gerbils ndi tizilombo.
Chakudya cha ana agalu
Zitsamba zolemera 300-500 g, zokutidwa ndi ubweya wofewa wotuwa, amabadwa akhungu komanso atatseka ngalande zamakutu, kuti ayambenso kuwona masiku 9-12. Mano awo amkaka amatuluka pakati pa sabata lachiwiri mpaka lachinayi, ndipo ana agalu omwe ali ndi milungu itatu amatuluka m dzenje pawokha. Pa msinkhu womwewo, amakhala okha pamene akulu amasaka, ndipo pakadutsa miyezi 1.5 amatha kumwazikana ndikubisala pangozi.
Nkhandwe imadyetsa anawo mkaka kwa miyezi 1.5, ndipo imadyanso zomwe zimabweretsa yamphongo: yogwira masewera kapena kumangirira ngati nyama yopukutidwa theka. Anawo, omwe afika masabata 3-4, amadya burp okha, kusiya mayi ndi zinyenyeswazi.
Zofunika! Akatswiri a zoologists amati kudyetsa ana agalu pomenyera (zamkati mwazi) chifukwa cha kusowa kwa michere ya m'mimba yotchedwa peptidases. Zinawonedwa kuti ana amphongo omwe sanalandire kumenyedwa, anali atatsalira m'mbuyo pakukula ndi kukula, komanso kuvutika ndi ma rickets.
Achinyamata pakatha miyezi 3-4 safunikanso kumenyedwa, ndikuyamba kudyetsa nyama zing'onozing'ono, zomwe amakokedwa kudzenje ndi makolo awo. Mimbulu yoluluza yonyentchera imakhala yopyapyala kwambiri nthawi yotentha, pomwe ana agalu amalemera mwachangu, makamaka m'miyezi inayi yoyambirira ya moyo. Munthawi imeneyi, kuchuluka kwawo kumawonjezeka pafupifupi 30 (kuchokera ku 0.35-0.45 kg mpaka 14-15 kg). Mmbulu wachinyamata wamba amalemera 16-17 kg ndi miyezi 6.
Anawo atakhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira, akulu amawaphunzitsa kugwira ndi kupha nyama, ndikubweretsa kuphanga kuli moyo, ngakhale kuli kothina. Pakatikati mwa chilimwe, amuna okhwima msinkhu amatsogolera kale nyama zazing'ono kuzinyama, koma maphunziro owonjezera amayamba pambuyo pake. Mu Ogasiti, mimbulu yayikulu imayesera kugwira mbewa ndi zina zazing'ono, ndipo mu Seputembala amakhala otenga nawo gawo kwathunthu pakufunafuna osatulutsa.
