Wokhala m'mapiko otsetsereka, Brandt's hamster, siwodziwika kwambiri pakati pa okonda makoswe ndipo ndiwosowa kwambiri pagulu lanyumba.
Kufotokozera kwa hamster wa Brandt
Mesocricetus brandti ali ndi dzina lachiwiri - hamster ya Transcaucasian, ndipo ali ndi dzina lenileni kwa katswiri wazachilengedwe waku Germany a Johann Brandt. The rodent imayimira mtundu wa Medium Hamsters ndi banja / banja laling'ono la hamsters.
Maonekedwe
Ndi hamster yayikulu yomwe imakula mpaka 18 cm ndipo imalemera 300 g... Zochititsa chidwi za mitunduyi zimawoneka kuti ndizotalika (mpaka 2.6 cm) mapazi ndi mchira waukulu, 3 cm, womwe, koma, suwoneka chifukwa cha ubweya. Brandt hamster ili ndi thupi lalifupi komanso mutu wopangidwa ndi dzira wokhala ndi makutu ozungulira. Kuzungulira mutu komanso m'khosi muli milozo iwiri yoyera, kuyambira pakamwa mpaka kutsiriza pafupi ndi makutu. Madera ofananira ndi mutuwo ndi ofiira achikasu ofiira, mitsinje yakuda imatsika m'makutu, chibwano nthawi zambiri chimakhala choyera.
Hamster ya Transcaucasian (monga ma hamster ambiri) ili ndi zikwama zamatama. Mawanga owala amawoneka pamasaya. Pachifuwa cha mbewa, pakati pa miyendo yakutsogolo, pamakhala chikwangwani chakuda chomwe chimadutsa pamapewa. Ubweya wosalala ndi wofewa, wochepa nyengo yachisanu, amadziwika ndi kuchuluka kwakachulukidwe mchira. Kumbuyo kwa mbewa kumakhala kofiirira kapena kofiirira ngati dothi, pamimba pamayera, imvi kapena imvi. Mapazi nthawi zambiri amakhala oyera, pansi pake mulibe tsitsi.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Ma burrows ndi amodzi m'magawo, omwe samalepheretsa ma hamster a Brandt kukhala osungulumwa: kunja kwa nyengo yokhwima, amuna ndi akazi amakhala mosiyana. Mu gulu la ma hamsters pali mtsogoleri nthawi zonse, yemwe gawo lake limaganiziridwa nthawi zambiri ndi mkazi. Katundu wa Hamster, ngakhale ali ndi madera akuluakulu, ali pamwamba pake, ndiye chifukwa chake oyandikana nawo amasiya mabowo awo pofika ola, kuyesera kuti asakumane. Chifukwa chake, mwa makoswe 25-30 omwe amakhala pafupi, osapitilira atatu amafufuzidwa nthawi imodzi. Gawo lanu limadziwika ndi chinsinsi kuchokera ku gland yomwe ili kunja kwa ntchafu.
Maenje amakumbidwa pamapiri, milu ndi milu. Nthaka ikadalirika kwambiri, m'pamenenso imayenda mwakuya komanso kovuta: m'nthaka yofewa mpaka 10 mita m'litali ndi 2 mita kuya. Maenjewo amakhala ndi chipinda chosungira, malo osungira ndi chimbudzi. Chimbudzi chimadzaza ndi nthaka nthawi zonse, ndipo ma hamster amayenera kumanga yatsopano. Hamster ya Brandt ndiyosavuta komanso yochedwa, koma, kufunafuna malo oyenera kukhalamo, imatha kusintha kwakanthawi... Ndi chiwopsezo chakunja, samathawa kawirikawiri. Poyesa kutulutsa mu dzenje lake, hamster ikung'ung'uza mosakondwa, imadumphira mchisalacho ndikuyesetsa kuluma wolakwayo, ndikumuluma mwamphamvu komanso molondola.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ndodo yomwe imagwidwa pamwamba imangokhalira kukalipa, ikunyamula zikwama zamasaya, imanola mano ndipo imapapasa zikopa zake zakutsogolo mwachangu, kuyesera kumugwira mdaniyo ndi zikhadabo zake (kukanda kapena kukoka kuti ulume).
Pofika nyengo yozizira, ma hamsters aku Transcaucasia amapita ku tulo, nthawi yomwe imadziwika ndi kutalika kwa malowo. Hibernation imayamba ndi chisanu choyamba cha tsikulo, ndichifukwa chake njirayi imayambitsidwa kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Disembala. Kugona mu hamster ya Brandt kumakhala kwapakatikati - amadzuka ndi nyengo iliyonse yozizira. Kutuluka mu hibernation ndikotengera kulowa, ndipo mwamwambo kumagwa kumapeto kwa February - Epulo.
Kodi ma hamsters a Brandt amakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Oimira mitunduyo amakhala zaka ziwiri, kuchulukitsa 2-3 pachaka. Akazi obadwa mchaka amatha kubereka pofika nthawi yophukira, kubweretsa ana (4 mpaka 20 hamsters).
Kubala kumatenga masiku 16-17, kumapeto kwake kwa ma hamsters akhungu, omwe samawalepheretsa kudya mwakhama chakudya chobiriwira pambuyo pake. Achinyamata, okhala ndi amuna ogonjera kwambiri komanso akazi olamulira, amapeza ufulu pakadutsa masiku 50 ndikukhala limodzi kwakanthawi. Pofika masiku 70, anthu am'deralo amakhala atagwa.
Zoyipa zakugonana
Zotupa zopangidwa ndi almond (machende) mu perineum, zomwe zimapezeka masiku 35 mpaka 40, ziziuza za kugonana kwa hamster wa Transcaucasian. Zowona, ndizovuta kusiyanitsa amuna achichepere, komanso omwe ali ndi vuto la cryptorchidism.
Zofunika! Kugonana ndikosavuta kudziwa potengera mkodzo ndi anus: mwa mkazi, anus ili pafupi kwambiri ndi nyini, pomwe mwa mwamuna, mabowo onsewa amalekanitsidwa ndi malo omwe tsitsi limakula. Ngati bowo limodzi lipezeka, uyu ndi wamkazi.
Kuphatikiza apo, mimba yamphongo yaphimbidwa ndi ubweya ndipo imakongoletsedwa mumchombo ndi chikwangwani chachikaso, pomwe mimba yachikazi ilibe chikwangwani chotere, koma ili ndi mizere iwiri yamabele.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Hamster ya Transcaucasian, monga dzina limatanthawuzira, imakhala makamaka kumapiri / kumapiri a Transcaucasus (Armenia ndi South Georgia), Dagestan, komanso Western Asia. Makoswe amafala ku Eastern Ciscaucasia, Lebanon, Israel ndi Turkey.
Malo okhala a hamster a Brandt amadzaza nkhalango ndi mapiri, omwe ali pamtunda wa 0.3-3 km pamwamba pamadzi. Pamodzi ndi steppes (phiri ndi phazi), mbewa imasankha udzu-forb / udzu-chowawa biotopes, kupewa malo opululuza kapena onyowa kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri kumadzaza minda yambewu. Nthawi zambiri, nyama zimakonda malo athyathyathya kapena otsetsereka pang'ono pomwe pali nthaka yolimba.
Zomwe zili mu hamster ya Brandt
Mitunduyi imalekerera ukapolo bwino. Achinyamata a hamsters azolowera mosavuta manja, omwe sanganene za achikulire. Otsatirawa, kamodzi mu khola lachilengedwe, nthawi zambiri amalephera kuberekana, chifukwa chake, pakuswana, mudzafunika achinyamata. Atazolowera mwini wake, hamster ya Transcaucasus imagonjetsa mantha owopsa a mbewa zazing'ono ndipo mwachidwi amazolowera nyumbayo.
Khola kudzazidwa
Popeza hamster wa Brandt ndi cholengedwa chachikulu, ndipo amafunika khola lalikulu (osachepera 40 * 60 cm) ndi ndodo zopingasa, nthawi yomwe ili pakati pa 5-6 mm.
Kupanga mbewa kukhala ngati khola, ikonzekeretseni ndi izi:
- wodyetsa (wopangidwa ndi galasi lakuda kapena ceramic);
- nyumba (kawirikawiri pulasitiki);
- zodziwikiratu (nipple) akumwa
- gudumu lokhala ndi malo olimba;
- ngalande;
- zoseweretsa (makatoni atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito);
- miyala yamchere;
- ngodya chimbudzi ndi podzaza.
Zofunika! Posankha kukula kwa nyumbayo, kumbukirani kuti hamster, ngakhale itakhala ndi matumba athunthu, imayenera kulowa mkati. Denga la nyumba, monga lamulo, limachotsedwa, koma silimauluka mosakhudzidwa mwangozi.
Kuthamanga pagudumu / pamakwerero kumapulumutsa chiweto ku kusachita masewera olimbitsa thupi komanso kunenepa kwambiri: hamster imathamanga mpaka makilomita 10 usiku. Tileyi imayikidwa pakona, yophunzitsa mbewa kuyenda kumeneko kuyambira ali ana. Mu khola, simungathe kukhala opanda phukusi - pozama kwambiri chidebecho, zinyalala zochepa kunja kwa khola. Zomangira matabwa zimayikidwa pansi.
Zakudya, kudyetsa chakudya
Kumtchire, hamster wa Brandt amakonda zomera zamtchire ndi mbewu zomwe amalima, kuzisungunula nthawi zina ndi zopanda mafupa ndi tizilombo. Nthawi zina imasaka mbewa zazing'onoting'ono - mbewa zakumunda ndi zapakhomo. Ali mu ukapolo, samakananso nyama.
Akasungidwa kunyumba, hamster amapatsidwa chakudya chowuma chokonzekera ndi izi:
- phala, mapira ndi tirigu;
- maapulo, mapeyala;
- kaloti, nkhaka ndi beets;
- udzu winawake ndi chimanga;
- kolifulawa, zukini, dzungu;
- mphesa, raspberries / strawberries;
- mtedza ndi mbewu (zosowa).
Zofunika! Kabichi yoyera, zipatso za citrus, anyezi ndi adyo samachotsedwa pazakudya, koma timitengo ta mitengo yolimba nthawi zonse timayikidwa mu khola (lowiritsa m'madzi kwa mphindi pafupifupi 20).
Kawiri kapena katatu pa sabata, hamster imapukusidwa ndi izi:
- nkhuku yophika yophika (palibe zonunkhira / mchere);
- mankhwala a lactic acid (mafuta mpaka 1%);
- yophika dzira loyera;
- nsomba zowonda (zopanda pake) zamitundu yamafuta ochepa;
- shrimp kapena nyama yophika (kawirikawiri);
- tizilombo chakudya ndi gammarus.
Hamster wamkulu amadya supuni 2-3 za chakudya patsiku. Izi ndizochuluka kotero kuti mbewa sizimva njala, mpaka m'mawa mwake.
Matenda amtundu
Hamster wa Brandt sangatengeke kwambiri ndi mitundu ya zamoyo monga matenda omwe amabwera chifukwa cha ziweto zonse zapakhomo. Matenda ofala kwambiri:
- Matenda opatsirana a chikhodzodzo / impso - rodent ndi yopanda chidwi, imakhala ndi ludzu nthawi zonse ndipo imakodza (nthawi zina ndi ululu ndi magazi);
- kunenepa kwambiri - matendawa ali ndi zotsatira zambiri, chifukwa zimakhudza ntchito ya mtima wamtima. Zakudya zochuluka kwambiri zamafuta zimachotsedwa mu zakudya, ndikuzisintha ndi zitsamba, zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba;
- chimfine - hypothermia kapena matenda amayamba chifukwa (nthawi zambiri kuchokera kwa mwini wodwala);
- kutsekula m'mimba - kumawoneka chifukwa chodya masamba kwambiri kapena kusintha kosiyanasiyana kwa zakudya;
- kudzimbidwa - kumachitika chifukwa chosowa madzi kapena kudya chakudya chowuma. Ndikudzimbidwa, makoswe ogontha, ndi kuchuluka kwa zitosi mu khola kumachepa;
- zophulika - ma hamsters nthawi zambiri amavulaza miyendo ndi mchira, kugwa kuchokera kutalika kapena kuyenda mosayendetsa gudumu. Chinyama sichitha kuyenda, ndipo mkaka, buledi wofewa ndi makeke a agalu zimawonjezeredwa pamndandanda.
Kusamalira, ukhondo
Chimbudzi chimayikidwa mu khola momwe mungafunire, koma chiyenera kukhala ndi bafa yamchenga, yomwe imayenera kugulidwa kusitolo yogulitsa ziweto (nthawi zambiri mchenga wa chinchillas). Sitimayi iyenera kukhala pulasitiki, ceramic kapena galasi. Hamsters a Brandt, monga ma hamsters ena, samasambitsidwa konse (amatenga chimfine, amadwala ngakhale kufa chifukwa cha izi). Kuyeretsa ku dothi ndi majeremusi akunja kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi mchenga.
Kamodzi pamlungu, khola la hamster liyenera kutsukidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zinthu zofatsa (zopanda poizoni), monga soda, mukamatsuka. Ndi chizolowezi kukonzekera kuyeretsa kwathunthu miyezi isanu ndi umodzi iliyonse. Kuyeretsa kulikonse kumatha ndikubwezeretsa pang'ono "zakale" mu khola ndi fungo lobadwa ndi mbewa - izi ndizofunikira kuti bata la ziweto likhale bata.
