Chihuahua (Chihuahua [Тʃiˈwawa]) ndi mtundu wa agalu anzawo. Oimira mtunduwo amadziwika kuti ndi agalu ang'ono kwambiri padziko lapansi, omwe adadziwika ndi boma la Mexico la Chihuahua.
Mbiri ya mtunduwo
Nthawi zambiri, ofufuza amavomereza kuti kwawo kwa galu ndi Chihuahua, kumpoto kwa Mexico, kumalire ndi mayiko aku US aku Texas ndi New Mexico. Agalu ang'onoang'onowa adagulitsidwa kwa alendo ndi amalonda aku Mexico, omwe adabweretsa mtunduwu ku United States, komwe udatchuka ngati chiweto chokhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Panthawiyo, panali anthu okhala ndi malaya otambasula komanso amfupi amitundu yosiyanasiyana... Makhalidwe abwinobwino komanso kakulidwe kakang'ono ka galuyo anali osangalatsa kwenikweni kwa alendo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Lero Chihuahua ndi galu wotchuka kwambiri komanso wofala pakati pa nyenyezi zaku Hollywood, ndipo pakati pa eni ake ndi Paris Hilton, Reese Witherspoon ngakhale Marilyn Monroe.
Malinga ndi chiphunzitso chotheka komanso chofala, makolo a Chihuahua anali agalu akale a Techichi, omwe anali akulu kwambiri ndipo anali ndi malaya ataliatali. Malinga ndi mtundu wina, ndi techichi - galu wowetedwa ndi chitukuko cha Amaya. Nyama zotere zimaweta chifukwa chodya, komanso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka nsembe. Agalu a Techichi adakonzedwa, pambuyo pake adayikidwa m'manda pamodzi ndi eni ake, ndipo mbiri yamoyo wa nyama zotere imatha kutsatiridwa pazithunzi zambiri pamwala ndi zojambula.
Chosangalatsanso ndichikhulupiriro cha chiyambi cha mtunduwo pachilumba cha Mediterranean, ndipo umboni wa mizu yaku Europe umaperekedwa ndi chojambula ku Vatican. Komabe, kafukufuku wochuluka wa DNA wa agalu achimereka aku America amatsimikizira kuti makolo a Chihuahua anali agalu omwe ankakhala ku Mexico ngakhale Azungu asanafike kumeneko.
Kufotokozera kwa Chihuahua
Malinga ndi miyezo yovomerezeka, kukula kwa omwe akuyimira mtunduwo sikukhazikika, koma chisamaliro chachikulu nthawi zonse chimaperekedwa kulemera kwa galu wotere. Kulemera kwakukulu kwa galu weniweni ndi 3.0 kg, ndipo kulemera kocheperako ndi pafupifupi 500-550 g. Moyenera, chizindikirochi chikuyenera kusinthasintha pakati pa 1.5-2.5 kg.
Ndizosangalatsa! Momwemo, oimira mtundu wonsewo sayenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana, ndipo mawonekedwe awa amadziwika makamaka mwa amuna.
Komabe, obereketsa oimira mitunduyo adatsimikiza miyezo yosanenedwa, momwe kukula kwa galu wosachepera 2 kg kuli pafupifupi 17-23 cm, ndikulemera kwa 2-3 kg, kutalika kwa nyama sikuyenera kupitirira kotala la mita. Kusiyana kwa chikhalidwe pakati pa Chihuahua ndi mitundu ina iliyonse ndikukula kwakung'ono kwamphongo poyerekeza ndi wamkazi. Kuphatikiza apo, thupi la hule limatha kukhala lalitali pang'ono kuposa kutalika kwake.
Miyezo ya ziweto
Mitundu yaying'ono imadziwika ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino komanso thupi lophatikizana, komanso miyezo yotsatirayi:
- chigaza ndi chaching'ono, chikufutukuka m'munsi ndikuchepera pamphuno;
- waufupi ndi waudongo, mphuno yokongola;
- masaya ndi milomo yauma, yofatsa;
- lumo kapena kuluma koyenera;
- maso okongola ndi akulu amtundu wakuda, makamaka osakhala otukuka;
- makutu oyimirira ndi akulu azunguliridwa pamwamba, ndipo mwamtendere amatsitsidwa pang'ono;
- thupi lowonda komanso lophatikizana, masewera;
- molunjika chapamwamba mzere wa thupi popanda kupindika;
- mzere wotsika wa thupi umadutsa pamimba pamimba;
- otsika amafota;
- kumbuyo kufupikitsidwa, kwaminyewa;
- yodziwika ndi mphamvu ndi croup lonse;
- voluminous chifuwa;
- nthiti zozungulira osati zotchuka kwambiri;
- mchira utakhazikika, wonenepa komanso wautali, ukugunda kumapeto;
- nsonga ya mchira wokhotakhota ngati mawonekedwe a kachigawo kotsogola;
- kupezeka kwa "burashi" kumapeto kwa mchira mu mitundu yayitali;
- miyendo yakutsogolo yayitali ndi yolunjika;
- mapewa owuma amakhala opanda minofu;
- nsonga mwamphamvu mbamuikha thupi;
- miyendo yakumbuyo yolimba komanso yolimba yolumikizana bwino;
- zotuluka pang'ono;
- zikhadabo zazikulu ndi zazikulu;
- ziyangoyango zomata komanso zotanuka.
Masitepe a mtunduwo ndi olimba komanso akulu, amadziwika ndi kuyenda mwachangu patsogolo. Zala zake zimayenda m'njira yoti njanji zakumaso ndi zakumbuyo zizigwirizana nthawi zonse. Mukuyenda mwachangu komanso kosaletseka, malo ozungulira mphamvu yokoka amasintha.
Mitundu yovala
Pali mitundu ingapo yotchuka komanso yodziwika bwino yamtundu wa oimira mtunduwo.
Mitundu yodziwika bwino kwambiri:
- mtundu wofiira wokhala ndi mawonekedwe kuchokera kufiyira mpaka kufiyira kofiira. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala anthu okhala ndi zotuwa zoyera pachifuwa, kumutu, mchira kapena miyendo. Mtundu wa "red sable" mtundu ukuwonetsa kupezeka kwa tsitsi lokhala ndi "pamwamba" lakuda, lomwe limamera kumbuyo konse mpaka kumapeto kwa mchira, komanso pamutu. Nthawi zina mtunduwu umakwaniritsidwa ndi mawanga amtundu wamkaka. Mtundu wapadera kwambiri wa "nswala" umaphatikizidwa mu "mask" ndi "lamba" kumbuyo, komanso ndi miyendo yamdima;
- Mitundu yakuda kapena yakuda ndi utoto wamba mumtunduwu imasiyanitsidwa ndi mabala oyera oyera pachifuwa ndi zala za nyama. Mtundu uwu umatchedwa "Colondrino". Wotchuka kwambiri ndi wakuda ndi utoto wokhala ndi mawanga amkaka pachifuwa, nsonga yoyera ya mchira ndi "gofu". "Tricolor yakuda" imafalikiranso ndipo imakwaniritsidwa ndi mawanga akulu oyera.
Ndizosangalatsa! Anthu kapena nyama zomwe zili ndi utoto wonyezimira zimayenera kuponyedwa. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha chiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi ana, omwe amadziwika ndi zovuta zamatenda zosagwirizana ndi moyo.
Mitundu yosowa kwambiri ya Chihuahua ndi chokoleti, yoyera, brindle, lilac (lilac) ndi buluu. Iwo, pamodzi ndi mitundu yodziwika, amasiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu ingapo yophatikiza.
Khalidwe la galu
Malinga ndi malipoti ena, a Chihuahuas omwe ali ndi tsitsi lalitali ndi eni ake aubwenzi komanso bata kuposa achibale osalala, omwe amadziwika ndi mawonekedwe awo osakhazikika komanso odziyimira pawokha. Mulimonsemo, mawonekedwe a omwe akuyimira mtunduwo ndi ovuta kwambiri, chifukwa cha mbiri yaku Mexico ya galu wotere komanso kukayikira kwawo kwachilendo kwa alendo onse.
Ambiri amaganiza kuti Chihuahua ndi cholengedwa chamanjenje komanso chodziwitsa chomwe chimafuula popanda chifukwa ndipo chimakhala chankhanza chosafulumira.... Komabe, chiweto chophunzitsidwa bwino sichimavutika ndi mavutowa, chimasiyanitsidwa ndi mphamvu zake, chidwi chachilengedwe komanso ngakhale kusangalala. Mosasamala zaka, galu wamng'ono ndi wokhulupirika kwambiri komanso wokhulupirika, mnzake wodalirika, wokhoza kumva bwino momwe mwini wake alili.
Utali wamoyo
Kutalika kwa moyo wa oimira mtunduwo, kutengera maboma onse ndi malamulo odyetsa, atha kukhala zaka khumi ndi zisanu kapena kupitirirapo.
Kusamalira Chihuahua
Oimira onse amtunduwu ali ndi mafupa osalimba kuyambira pomwe adabadwa, chifukwa chake amafunikira kusamalidwa bwino. Malo osatetezeka kwambiri ku Chihuahua ndi khosi lochepetsetsa. Pachifukwa ichi akatswiri odziwa amalangiza kusiya kolala yachikhalidwe kuti akonde leash yapadera yoyenda agalu ang'onoang'ono. Zoterezi zimaphatikizidwa ndi thupi la nyama, pansi pa miyendo yake.
Kusamalira ndi ukhondo
Ndikofunika kuteteza galu wamng'ono kuzinthu zilizonse komanso kutentha kwambiri. Oimira mtunduwo nthawi zambiri amakhala ozizira, omwe amaphatikizidwa ndi kagayidwe kofulumira, chifukwa chake, masiku achisanu, nthawi yoyenda siyenera kukhala yocheperako, ndipo chiwetocho chiyenera kutumizidwa kukayenda mu suti yotentha kapena maovololo.
Nyengo yotentha kwambiri komanso yotentha imathanso kuvulaza Chihuahua. Ngakhale kuti ziweto zamiyendo inayi zimakonda kusangalala ndi kunyezimira kwa dzuwa, sizimadziletsa nthawi yopuma dzuwa. Kutentha kwamatenda nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa chakukhalitsa panja nthawi yayitali nthawi yotentha.
Ndizosangalatsa! Chifukwa cha kutengeka kwa mtunduwo ndi chimfine, kutsatira mosamalitsa kalendala yodzitetezera, kuchotsa nyongolotsi komanso katemera kumafunikira chidwi.
Chihuahuas nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mavuto osiyanasiyana ndi chiseyeye ndi mano. Nthawi zina mwa ana agalu amtunduwu, mano a mkaka samadzigwera okha, chifukwa chake muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito dokotala wa zamankhwala. Kutaya nyama mwadzidzidzi kuchokera m'mano a ana agalu kumakhala chifukwa chachikulu cholowerera maloccosal.
Zakudya za Chihuahua
Chihuahuas yaying'ono, koma yogwira ntchito imatha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochulukirapo, zomwe zimafuna chakudya chokwanira tsiku lililonse. Chikhalidwe chachikulu cha zakudya zowerengedwa moyenera ndi mtundu, osati kuchuluka kwa chakudya.... Nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kuti mukhale osamala, kupatsa chiweto chanu chakudya chopatsa thanzi komanso chopatsa thanzi.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zakudya zachilengedwe, zokonda ziyenera kuperekedwa ku zakudya zoyimiriridwa ndi:
- nyama yanyama monga mtima wophika, lilime, chiwindi, mapapo ndi impso;
- nyama yophika yophika yopanda mafupa ndi khungu;
- nsomba zotentha m'madzi kapena zophika za mitundu yamafuta ochepa;
- omelet kapena mazira owiritsa ndi odulidwa.
Ndizosangalatsa! Njira yabwino kwambiri yopezera chakudya ndichakudya choyambirira, chopangidwa mogwirizana ndi zofunikira zonse za Chihuahua, mawonekedwe amtundu wamtundu wamtunduwu komanso zosowa zake zatsiku ndi tsiku pazakudya zofunikira.
Ndizoletsedwa kudya Chihuahua ndi nyama yaiwisi ndi nyama ya nkhumba mwanjira iliyonse, nsomba zam'mtsinje ndi timadzi ta pollock, zonunkhira, zotsirizidwa, zakudya zamafuta ndi zokazinga.
Matenda ndi zofooka za mtundu
Chihuahuas mwachilengedwe amakhala amtundu wathanzi ndipo samadwala, ndipo matenda ofala kwambiri mwa agalu otere ndi awa:
- thupi lawo siligwirizana;
- hypoglycemia;
- dysplasia ya mitral valve;
- hydrocephalus;
- stenosis ya thunthu m'mapapo mwanga;
- demodicosis;
- urolithiasis;
- khunyu;
- cryptorchidism;
- enaake ophwanya mafupa;
- kusokonezeka kwakukulu kwa patella;
- kupita patsogolo kwa retinal atrophy;
- zovuta pobereka;
- mavuto ndi nkhama ndi mano.
Ndikofunika kuteteza Chihuahua ku hypothermia, yomwe imatha kuyambitsa chimfine ndi matenda am'mapapo.
Zoyipa zazikulu za mtundu wa Chihuahua ndi izi:
- mavuto a mano;
- khosi lofupikitsidwa;
- khutu lakuthwa;
- zikhomo zazifupi kwambiri;
- thupi lokulirapo;
- mchira wokhotakhota kapena wolakwika;
- miyendo yopindika;
- malo olowa;
- kutalika kwa masentimita 27-29 pakufota;
- chifuwa chopapatiza.
Agalu omwe ali ndi vuto lalikulu ali ndi:
- mphuno yopapatiza;
- diso lolakwika;
- kutalika mphuno;
- kuluma kolakwika;
- Kusokonezeka kwa patella.
Kuyimitsa zolakwika zamtundu kumatha kudziwonetsera ngati:
- aukali;
- dongosolo lalikulu lonse;
- makutu ang'onoang'ono kapena olakwika;
- wopanda mchira;
- dazi kapena malaya odula kwambiri;
- kukhala wonenepa kwambiri;
- kukula kopitilira 30 cm;
- thunthu lalitali.
Nyama zomwe zili ndi chilema chilichonse chakuthupi kapena m'maganizo zimayimitsidwa.
Maphunziro ndi maphunziro
Ngakhale ndi yaying'ono, a Chihuahuas ayenera kukwezedwa ndikuphunzitsidwa, kucheza ndi kuphunzitsa maluso ofunikira kwambiri. Oimira mtunduwo, monga lamulo, amaphunzira dzina lawo posachedwa, koma kuphunzira malamulo ena kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.
Ndizosangalatsa! Njira yabwino kwambiri pokweza ndi kuphunzitsa Chihuahua ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yolandirira mphotho, ndipo malamulo onse ayenera kuperekedwa m'mawu ofanana komanso odekha.
Gulani galu wa Chihuahua
Mwana wagalu wa Chihuahua ayenera kugulidwa m'makola okhaokha omwe ali ndi malingaliro abwino ndikuwunika kuyera kwa mizere ya ziweto.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti mamembala abwinobwino amtunduwu sagulitsidwa ndi ogulitsa kapena ogulitsa pamsika.
Zomwe muyenera kuyang'ana
Posankha mwana wagalu, munthu sayenera kungoganiza zakupezeka kwa zikalata ndi pasipoti ya zinyama, komanso azisamalira thanzi la nyama:
- yogwira komanso yosangalatsa;
- kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu kumamvekedwe;
- chilakolako chabwino chopanda mseru kapena kusanza;
- mano oyera okhala ndi m'kamwa mwa pinki;
- kusowa kwa fungo losasangalatsa mu mpweya;
- maso oyera opanda kufiira ndi kung'amba;
- makutu oyera osakwiya kapena kuwonongeka;
- zotanuka komanso khungu loyera popanda kutupa.
Nyama yathanzi imakhala ndi chovala choyera komanso chonyezimira, chosafinya, ndipo mayendedwe agalu ayenera kukhala olimba komanso olimba.
Zikhala zothandiza: Chihuahua nazale
Mtengo wagalu wa Chihuahua
Mtengo wapakati wagalu umasiyana ma ruble 15 mpaka 100 zikwi komanso kupitilira apo... Mtengo wa galu wamtunduwu umakhudzidwa ndi zinthu zingapo zazikulu, kuphatikiza jenda ndi kusintha. Nthawi zambiri, kumenyedwa kumawononga pafupifupi 20-30% kuposa agalu amphongo ofanana.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kukhalapo kwa makolo omwe adatchulidwa ndi opambana pazowonetsa zingapo kapena mipikisano kumakhudza kwambiri mtengo wagalu wa Chihuahua.
Mtengo umaphatikizapo anthu ang'onoang'ono komanso ophatikizika omwe ali ndi mafupa otukuka, koma osalemera. Ana agalu omwe ali ndi chokoleti chofala kwambiri, ma brindle ndi mitundu ya buluu amawerengedwa kuti ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri.
Ndemanga za eni
Malinga ndi lingaliro limodzi la eni ake achiChihuahua, ngakhale ali ndi zokongoletsa zonse, ziweto zoterezi zimakhala ndi zikhalidwe zoteteza. Galu wamng'ono pozindikira kuti ali pachiwopsezo, samangokhalira kukuwa kwambiri, koma amathamangira kwa alendo omwe sanaitanidwe, kuyesetsa kuwaluma.
Kanyama kakang'ono ndi kanzeru kanyanja kakang'ono kosavuta komanso kofulumira kamazolowera kusinja mu bokosi lazinyalala, chifukwa chake mtunduwo ndiwotheka kusunga anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto azaumoyo kapena okalamba agalu obereketsa. Agalu a Chihuahua ndi anzawo abwino, amatha kutsagana ndi eni ake pafupifupi nthawi zonse komanso kulikonse..
Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti nthumwi za mtunduwo zili ndi zomwe zimatchedwa "mole syndrome", chifukwa chake zimakonda kubowola pansi pa bulangeti kapena bulangeti, choyamba zimapanga chisa chokongola kuchokera pachinsalu. Chihuahuas, mosasamala kanthu za msinkhu komanso jenda, amachitira bwino ana, koma ayenera kusamala kuti mwanayo asavulaze chiweto chotere. Kukula kwakukulu, galu amangothana bwino ndi chiweto chokhacho chamiyendo inayi, koma amatha kukhala bwino ndi ziweto zina.
