Kadzidzi (Strix) - mbalame zam'banja lalikulu kwambiri la Kadzidzi, dongosolo la Kadzidzi ndi mtundu wa Kadzidzi. Malinga ndi asayansi, mawu owl ali ndi matanthauzidwe apadera kwambiri - "osati chakudya".
Kufotokozera kadzidzi
Kutalika kwa thupi kwa wamkulu tawny owl kumatha kukhala pakati pa 30-70 cm... Nthawi yomweyo, mbalameyi ilibe nthenga zonse "makutu". Kadzidzi wonyezimira amadziwika ndi chimbale chodziwika bwino cha nkhope, zotseguka zazikulu komanso zopanda makutu, pafupifupi zokutidwa ndi khola lachikopa. Mlomo wa mbalameyo ndiwokwera, mopanikizika. Nthenga zotayika nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi utoto wofiirira kapena wofiyira pomwe pamakhala mizere yofiirira. Diso la mbalameyi limakhala ndi mtundu wofiirira.
Maonekedwe
Kadzidzi wamba amakhala ndi kukula kwa masentimita 36-38 ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 400-640. Mbalameyi ili ndi maso akuda, mutu wozungulira, mapiko otambalala ndi ozungulira ndi nthenga zaimvi osakhalapo ndi ziboda. Kwa kadzidzi wotumbululuka, kukula kwa thupi kumakhala pakati pa 30-33 cm, mawonekedwe ofiira a nthenga ndi chikaso cha diso. Kadzidzi wa ku Guatemala amakhala wamkulu ngati mtundu wa kadzidzi wokhala ndi thupi lokwanira masentimita 40.5-45.0. Mbalame za mtundu uwu zili ndi chimbale chachikasu chofiirira chakuda m'maso ndi m'mphepete mwakachetechete, chakuda. Mlomo ndi wachikaso ndipo maso ndi ofiira. Kadzidzi wa ku Brazil ndi kadzidzi wamkulu wapakati wokhala ndi kulemera kwa magalamu 285-340, wosiyanitsidwa ndi utoto wofiirira komanso maso akuda.
Thupi lakumtunda la Tawny Owl limadziwika ndi nthenga zakuda bii, pomwe thupi lakumunsi limakhala lachikasu loyera ndi mikwingwirima yoonekera. Mamembala onse amtunduwu ali ndi chofiyira kumaso kofiira ndi malire oyera ndi maso akuda. Great Gray Owl ndi chilombo chachikulu chokhala ndi nthenga chokhala ndi mapiko a theka la mita, chosiyanitsidwa ndi utoto waimvi wopanda utoto wofiyira, komanso maso achikaso okhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda mozungulira. Pansi pa mlomo wa mbalame yotere pali malo akuda ofanana ndi ndevu, ndipo kutsogolo kwa khosi kuli "kolala" yoyera.
Kadzidzi wonyezimira ali ndi utoto wakuda ndi mawanga oyera, amadziwika ndi chimbale chakuda chakuda ndi mlomo wachikaso. Nguluwe yaying'ono yamango ndi yomwe ili ndi mabala akuda kwambiri, ofiira, oyera ndi achikasu ofiira. Nyama yamphongoyo ili ndi chibwano choyera, maso akuda ndi zikope za lalanje. Kadzidzi Wamiyendo Yofiira amadziwika ndi nthenga za lalanje zotumbululuka zokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda kwambiri kapena yabulauni. Chotulutsa nkhope cha mbalame zamtunduwu ndi chofiira, ndi maso akuda. Mbalameyi idalandira dzina lachilendo pamiyendo yachikasu-bulauni kapena lalanje.
Kukula kwakukulu kwa omwe akuyimira mtunduwo, Pagoda Owl ili ndi mtundu wofiirira wa chokoleti wokhala ndi mawanga oyera kumbuyo, chifuwa chowala chachikaso chokhala ndi mikwingwirima yakuda ndi chimbale chofiirira chofiirira. Mchira wautali, kapena Ural owl, lero ndi m'modzi mwa akulu akulu kwambiri pamtunduwu. Mtundu wa dorsal ndiwowoneka bwino kwambiri wokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofiira azitali komanso zododometsa zosonyeza nthenga zazikulu. Nthenga zouluka ndi mchira zimadziwika ndi mtundu wa bulauni-buffy wokhala ndi mawonekedwe akuda owonekera. Mimba mwa mbalameyi ndi yoyera-yoyera kapena yoyera yoyera, ndi mawanga osiyana siyana a bulauni.
Barred Owl ili ndi kutalika kwa thupi masentimita 35 ndi mapiko a 85 cm... Mtundu uwu umasiyanitsidwa ndi maso akuda, jabot wamkulu wamkulu, wodziwika bwino pachifuwa ndi mikwingwirima yofiirira pamimba. African Cyckaba ilibe makutu a nthenga ndipo imadziwika ndi nthenga zofiirira zokhala ndi zitsotso zoyera kumtunda. Mbalame yapakatikati imakhala ndi nsidze zoyera, maso akuda, zala zopanda chikasu zopanda utoto.
Zebra tsikkaba ndi kanyama kakang'ono kofiira kamene kali ndi mikwingwirima yakuda, ndipo thupi lakumunsi la tsikkaba lakuda ndi loyera liri ndi thupi lochepa kwambiri ndi mikwingwirima yakuda.
Ndizosangalatsa! Ciccaba yamizeremizere yofiira ndi mbalame yayikulu yosuntha pakati pausiku yokhala ndi kutalika kwa thupi kuyambira masentimita 30 mpaka 35. Oimira mitunduyo ndi ma subspecies amakonda kukhazikika ndikusaka madera akumapiri ndi madera otentha, chifukwa chake amakhalabe, nyama yolusa yopanda mapiko.
Kutalika konse kwa Holotype wa m'chipululu sikupitilira masentimita 32 ndi mchira kutalika kwa masentimita 14 ndi mapiko a masentimita 25. Thupi lakumtunda limakhala lofiirira kwambiri, ndipo khosi ndi mutu wake ndi mchenga, ocher kapena utoto, wokhala ndi zofiirira zakuda ndi mikwingwirima. Ma disc a nkhope ndi oyera kapena amchenga wamchenga, wokhala ndi malire ofiira mozungulira maso.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Ziwombankhanga zimatha kukhala zododometsa komanso zobwera usiku. Mwachitsanzo, African Cyckaba ndi mtundu wamtundu womwe umagwira dzuwa litangolowa komanso usiku, ndipo masana mbalame yotere imangokhala yokha kapena imagwirizana awiriawiri.
Ndi akadzidzi angati omwe amakhala
Kutalika kwa moyo wa kadzidzi aliyense kumadalira kukula kwake. Mbalame zazing'ono zomwe zimadya nyama sizikhala ndi nthawi yayitali chifukwa chothamanga kwambiri. Pafupifupi, kadzidzi amakhala zaka pafupifupi zisanu, koma, ndithudi, pakati pa oimira mitunduyo pali omwe amatchedwa akatswiri okhalitsa.
Zoyipa zakugonana
Nthawi zambiri sipamakhala kusiyana mawonekedwe pakati pa akazi achikazi ndi amuna. Mitundu ina imadziwika ndi kusiyanasiyana pang'ono kwa mtundu wa nthenga, komanso kukula kwake ndi kulemera kwake. Mwachitsanzo, zazikazi za ma ciccabs owoneka bwino ndizolemera kwambiri kuposa amuna amtundu uwu.
Mitundu ya kadzidzi
Mtundu wa kadzidzi umaimiridwa ndi mitundu makumi awiri ndi iwiri:
- Tawny Owl (Strix aluco), kuphatikiza ma subspecies khumi;
- Great Owl (Strix pang'onopang'onori);
- Owl Chaco (Strix chacoensis);
- Mdima Owl (Strix fulvescens);
- Brazil Owl (Strix hylophila);
- Kadzidzi (Strix leptogrammica);
- Great Gray Owl (Strix nebulosa);
- Barred Owl (Strix occidentalis), kuphatikiza ma subspecies atatu;
- Mango Kadzidzi (Strix ocellata);
- Mapazi ofiira kapena ofiira a miyendo yofiira (Strix rufipes);
- Great Owl (Strix seloputo), kuphatikiza ma subspecies atatu;
- Long-tailed kapena Ural owl (Strix uralensis);
- Oletsedwa Owl (Strix varia);
- African Cyckaba (Strix Woodfordii);
- Mbidzi Cyckaba (Strix huhula);
- Black and white cyckaba (Strix nigrolineata);
- Kutulutsa Cyckaba (Strix virgata);
- Mzere wofiira cyccaba (Strix albitarsis), kuphatikiza ma subspecies atatu.
Komanso Strix davidi kapena David Owl, Strix nivicolum ndi Strix sartorii ndi amtundu wa Owl.
Ndizosangalatsa! Desert Owl (Strix hadorami) ndi mtundu watsopano watsopano wa akadzidzi a mtundu wa Tawny Owls ndipo adadzipatula zaka zitatu zapitazo kuchokera ku mtundu wa Strix pang'onopang'onori.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Kadzidzi wakuda amagawidwa m'malo ambiri aku Europe komanso ku Central Asia. Mtundu wachikhalidwe cha Pale Owl ndi Syria, Israel ndi Egypt, komanso kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa Arabia Peninsula. Owl Chaco amakhala mdera lalikulu ku South America lotchedwa Gran Chaco, komanso Paraguay, kumwera kwa Bolivia ndi kumpoto kwa Argentina, komwe mbalameyi imakonda nkhalango zowuma, zipululu zazing'ono komanso malo ouma. Ciccaba yamizeremizere ndi mitundu yomwe imakhala mumizere yopapatiza yomwe imadutsa m'munsi mwa gawo lakummawa kwa Andes ndikudutsa ku Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia ndi Peru.
Kadzidzi wa ku Guatemala amakhala m'malo azinyontho zamapiri a oak, pomwe mitundu ya Owl yaku Brazil ndiomwe amakhala kumwera kwa Brazil, Paraguay ndi kumpoto kwa Argentina. Gawo logawa la Malay Owl likuyambira ku Sri Lanka ndi India, kumadzulo kwa Indonesia ndi madera akumwera a China. Great Gray Owl amakhala m'dera la taiga komanso nkhalango zamapiri. Mitunduyi imafalikira kuchokera ku Kola Peninsula kupita kumapiri a Primorye, imapezeka pafupi ndi Baltic ndi East Prussia, m'chigawo chapakati cha gawo la Europe la dziko lathu, komanso ku Siberia.
Kadzidzi wonyezimira amapezeka paliponse kumadzulo kwa North America, ndipo akadzidzi ofiirira amapezeka m'madera akuluakulu a Bangladesh ndi India, komanso kumadzulo kwa Burma. Malo okhala achilengedwe a Red-footed kapena Red-foot Owl akuyimiridwa ndi nkhalango zotsika ndi madera akumwera ndi pakati pa Chile, Tierra del Fuego, kumadzulo kwa Argentina ndi zilumba za Falkland. Great Owl imapezeka ku Indochina Peninsula ndi Sumatra Island, komanso Burma, Malaysia, Thailand ndi Indonesia.
Mchinji wautali kapena Ural kadzidzi amapezeka nthawi zambiri m'malo okhala ndi nkhalango zosakanikirana kwambiri okhala ndi ma conifers okhala ndi madzi ambiri.... Barred Owl ndi mtundu wamba wa akadzidzi ku North America. African Cyckaba inafalikira ku Africa konse, ndipo Zebra Cyckaba amakhala m'chigawo cha South America.
Malo okhalamo akuda ndi oyera a cyccaba akuyimiridwa ndi Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela ndi Ecuador. Ma ciccabs omwe amapezeka amakhala ofala pamitundu yonse: kuchokera ku Mexico, Venezuela ndi Colombia mpaka kumpoto kwa Argentina ndi Brazil.
Zakudya za kadzidzi
Grey Owl amadyetsa nyama zazing'ono, komanso mbalame zapakatikati. Owl Chaco nthawi zambiri amadya usiku omwe amadyera mbalame zazing'ono ndi zinyama, komanso zokwawa zina, komanso kuwonjezera pa mbalame, nyama zazing'ono ndi zokwawa, zomwe zikudya za kadzidzi wofiirira ku Guatemala zimaphatikizaponso tizilombo ndi ma arthropods osiyanasiyana.
Ndizosangalatsa! Owl ndi mbalame yokhayokha yomwe imadya usiku, imadyetsa nyama zazing'ono ndi mbalame, komanso nsomba ndi zokwawa.
Great Grey Owl amasaka masana okha, amakonda makoswe ang'onoang'ono, ndipo nthawi zina agologolo ang'onoang'ono. Zakudya zachizolowezi za kadzidzi zimayimiriridwa ndi mitundu yonse ya mbewa, mbalame zazing'ono komanso tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.
Chakudya chachikulu cha kadzidzi wachikulire chachikulu nthawi zambiri ndimitundu yonse yama mbewa, kuphatikiza ma voles. Nthawi zina nyama yolusa yamphongo imagwiritsa ntchito zikopa ndi achule, tizilombo tosiyanasiyana ndi ana achichepere. Ngati ndi kotheka, mbalame yayikulu imatha kuthana ndi gologolo, hazel grouse ndi grouse wakuda. Barred Owl amagwiritsa mbewa, ma voles ndi makoswe ena ang'onoang'ono pazakudya zake, samanyalanyaza mbalame ndi tizilombo tina, komanso nsomba ndi achule.
Kubereka ndi ana
Nthawi ndi kuchuluka kwa kubereka, kukula kwa clutch ndi kutalika kwa makulitsidwe amasiyana mwa oimira mtunduwo mwazinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, kadzidzi wamkulu wa imvi alibe malo okhala, choncho zisa zabwino kwambiri za mbalame zina, makamaka ankhandwe ndi akamba, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama ndi mbalame zodya nyama.
Clutch nthawi zambiri imakhala mazira oyera a 2-4. Kadzidzi amakhala pa dzira lomwe lakhazikika kwambiri, ndi mapiko ake ndi mchira wake wokwera mmwamba, chifukwa chake, panthawiyi, imawoneka ngati nkhuku youma. Amuna a Great Gray Owl atha kutenga nawo gawo pazokambirana. Ikamayandikira chisa, mbalameyo imadina pakamwa poopseza. Nthawi yayikulu yosinthira ndi mwezi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Kukula ndi kukula kwa anapiye kumakhala kochedwa: ana amayamba kukupiza sabata lachisanu ndi chimodzi, ndipo mbalamezo zimalandira nthenga zonse mkatikati mwa Ogasiti. Anawo amakhala limodzi ndi makolo awo nthawi yophukira yonse.
Adani achilengedwe
Chilengedwe chimatha kukhala ndi zoopsa zambiri za kadzidzi wazaka zilizonse ndi zamoyo, kuphatikizapo chiopsezo chokumana ndi nyama zina zikuluzikulu zowononga, matenda owopsa komanso kusowa kwa zakudya. Kawirikawiri amakhulupirira kuti kufa kwa akadzidzi ambiri achichepere nthawi zambiri kumalumikizidwa ndi njala, komanso kuwukira kwa nyama zazikulu zolusa nthenga, zoyimiriridwa ndi ziwombankhanga, nkhwangwa ndi ziwombankhanga zagolide.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Mitunduyi, yomwe ili pachiwopsezo chachikulu cha kutha, lero ikuyimiriridwa ndi Grey, kapena kadzidzi wamba komanso wotumbululuka, komanso Chaco owl komanso ena oimira mtundu wa Kadzidzi.
Ndizosangalatsa! Brazil Owl imakonda nkhalango zowirira, chifukwa chake mitundu iyi siyiphunziridwa bwino, ndipo anthu onse akukhudzidwa.
Kumapeto kwa zaka zana zapitazi, kadzidzi yemwe anali ndi mawanga adapatsidwa udindo wa "nyama zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha", chifukwa chake ana amphongo omwe ali ndi nthenga tsopano ali pafupi ndi chiopsezo.
