Whale whale ndi nyama yodya nyama ya dolphin ndipo amakhala kudera lonse lamadzi m'nyanja. Kwa anthu, chinyama ichi, monga lamulo, sichingawopseze, ndipo m'malo ake achilengedwe ndimakhala ochezeka kwa iwo. Nthawi yomweyo, palibe nyama zilizonse zam'madzi, monga zisindikizo kapena mikango yam'nyanja, osatchula za cephalopods ndi nsomba, yomwe imamva kukhala yotetezeka pafupi ndi gulu la anangumi omwe amapha.
Kufotokozera kwa whale whale
Chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu kwambiri zodziwika bwino za chinsomba chakupha ndi mtundu wake wakuda ndi woyera, womwe, kuphatikiza kwake kwakumapeto kwa kachigawo kakang'ono, kamapangitsa kuti cetacean iyi iwoneke patali ndikudziwika bwino. Pakadali pano, pali mtundu umodzi wokha wa whale whale wodziwika, ngakhale mitundu iwiri ya nyama zam'madzi izi zidalipo Pliocene isanachitike. Osachepera, ndi nthawi ya Pliocene pomwe zotsalira za anangumi ophedwa zomwe zidapezeka pafupi ndi mzinda waku Tuscany waku Italiya zidakhalako.
Maonekedwe
Whale whale ndi nyama yayikulu kwambiri yomwe imawoneka koyambirira kwambiri.... Thupi la chinsomba chakupha limakhala ndi mawonekedwe otambalala, kotero kuti ndi mawonekedwe ake akunja amafanana kwambiri ndi dolphin. Kukula kwake kumatha kufika mamita 10, ndipo kulemera kwake ndikoposa matani 8. Mpheto yam'mbali ndiyokwera, mwa amuna ena akulu makamaka imatha kufikira mita 1.6 kapena kupitilira apo. Zipsepse za pachifuwa za whale whale ndizotakata, zili ndi mawonekedwe owulungika.
Mchira wa mchira ndi wopatukana, wamfupi, koma wamphamvu kwambiri: ndi chithandizo chake, nyama iyi yam'madzi imatha kufikira liwiro la 55 km / h. Mutu wa nangumi wamphongo ndi wamfupi kwambiri ndipo umawoneka wonyezimira pang'ono, ndipo mkamwa, wokhala ndi nsagwada zolimba, pali mizere iwiri ya mano akulu omwe namgumi wakupha amang'amba nyama yake. Kutalika kwa dzino lililonse la nyamayi nthawi zambiri kumafika masentimita 13.
Ndizosangalatsa! Maonekedwe a mawanga mu whale whale aliyense ndi ofanana ndi zolemba zala mwa anthu. Palibe anthu awiri amtundu uwu, omwe mawanga awo amafanana ndendende kukula ndi mawonekedwe.
Mtundu wa chinsomba chakupha ndi chakuda chakuda, chophatikizidwa ndi mawanga oyera owala pamwamba pamaso, komanso zina zoyera. Chifukwa chake, pakhosi pake ndi yoyera kwathunthu, ndipo pamzere pake pamakhala chilembo choyera. Kumbuyo, kuseri kwa chimaliziro, kuli malo achimvi. Mu anamgumi opha ku Arctic ndi Antarctic, mawanga oyera amatha kukhala obiriwira chifukwa cha ma diatom owoneka bwino omwe amawaphimba. Ndipo kumpoto kwa Pacific Ocean, mutha kuwona anamgumi akuda akuda komanso oyera kwambiri.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Nyulu zakupha zimayesetsa kukhala pagulu, ndipo kuchuluka kwawo pagulu, nthawi zambiri, sikupitilira anthu 20. Komanso, ziweto zazikulu zimatha kukhala ndi amuna akulu atatu kapena anayi, pomwe ena onse ndi akazi okhala ndi ana. Amphaka achimuna nthawi zambiri amasamuka kuchoka pagulu lina kupita ku linzake, koma akazi, monga lamulo, amakhala mgulu lomwelo moyo wawo wonse. Komanso, mamembala onse a gulu la anamgumi opha anzawo nthawi zambiri amakhala achibale ndipo amalumikizana kwambiri. Gulu lalikulu limagawika m'magulu ang'onoang'ono angapo, lirilonse limakhala ndi zikwangwani zamtundu wina zokha zokhazokha, ndi zomwe zimatha kutulutsidwa ndi anangumi onse opanda chibale.
Gululo limatha kugawikana m'magulu angapo posaka nyama kapena zina ngati kuli kofunikira kugawa gulu lalikulu lanyama kukhala ing'onoing'ono ingapo. Koma zosiyanazi zimachitikanso: nyamayi zakupha kuchokera pagulu losiyanasiyana zigwirizana kukhala gulu limodzi. Izi zimachitika munthawi yoswana, pomwe akazi amafunika kuti azipeza okha wokwatirana naye.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti ndi amuna ochokera pagulu lawo, akazi, monga lamulo, samakwatirana chifukwa choti ndi abale awo. Ndipo kuwoloka pafupi, kapena, mwanjira ina, kubereketsa, ndi koopsa makamaka chifukwa kumawonjezera mwayi wakusintha kwa masinthidwe ena mwa ana. Ndi chifukwa chake anamgumi aakazi akupha amayenera kufunafuna wokondedwa wawo kumbali, m'gulu lina lomwe silili pafupi kwambiri ndi iye.
Mamembala amtundu womwewo amakhala ochezeka kwambiri kwa anzawo omwe ali mgululi momwemo. Mwa nyama izi, komanso pakati pa dolphin, kuthandizana ndi kuthandizana zimakula bwino pomwe anamgumi amoyo athanzi komanso amphamvu asamalira achibale awo okalamba, odwala, kapena ovulala, kuwasamalira ndi kuwateteza.
Anangumi opha amasambira bwino, nthawi zambiri amasambira kupita pagombe, komwe amakhala pafupi ndi gombe.
Monga ma dolphin, nyama zam'madzi izi zimakonda kusewera ndipo ndizoyenda kwambiri komanso zosavuta. Pakati pa ma whalers, anamgumi opha anzawo amawerengedwa kuti ndi ankhanza komanso okonda kukhetsa magazi omwe pali mphekesera zambiri zowopsa, koma m'malo mwake, anamgumi opha anzawo sawopseza anthu. M'mbiri yonse, ndi milandu yochepa chabe ya anamgumi opha anthu omwe amadziwika omwe amadziwika, ndiyeno, izi zidachitika kale mu ukapolo, osati m'malo awo achilengedwe.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mukakhala mu ukapolo, anamgumi opha anzawo, ochezeka kwa anthu achilengedwe, amatha kukwiya kwambiri. Mwachiwonekere, khalidweli limayambitsidwa ndi kupsinjika chifukwa chokhala m'malo ochepa, komanso kunyong'onyeka ndikulakalaka malo omwe amakhala.
Anangumi opha anzawo amakonda kulekerera zisindikizo, mikango yam'nyanja, ndi zinyama zina zapamadzi zomwe zili pafupi, koma amatha kudana ndi anthu ngakhale kuyesa kuwapha.
Kodi nsomba yamphongo imakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji
Nyulu zakupha zimakhala ndi moyo wautali kwa zinyama, ngakhale zili zochepa kwambiri kuposa anamgumi... Nthawi yayitali yokhala ndi anamgumi opha ndi zaka 50-60, koma m'malo abwino atha kukhala ndi moyo nthawi yayitali. Ali mu ukapolo, mbalamezi zimakhala pang'ono: 2-3 zochepa kuposa kuthengo.
Zoyipa zakugonana
Kusiyana kwakunja pakati pa amuna ndi akazi sikutchulidwa kwambiri, koma, komabe, kulipo. Mwachitsanzo, amuna a anamgumi akupha ndi owoneka okulirapo komanso olemera kuposa akazi, ndipo matondo awo am'mimbamo amakhala owongoka mokwera mpaka 1.5 mita, pomwe mwa akazi amakhala pafupifupi theka lokwera ndikubwerera m'mbuyo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Amuna ndi akazi a anamgumi opha sizimasiyana mtundu wina uliwonse. Kusiyanitsa pakati pawo kumangokhudza kutalika kwa thupi lawo, kuchuluka kwake, komanso kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe amphongo lakumbuyo.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Malo ogawa a whale whale ndiwowonjezereka: ma cetaceanwa amakhala mdera lonse la Nyanja Yapadziko Lonse, kupatula Nyanja Yakuda, Azov ndi nyanja ziwiri zakumpoto: East Siberia ndi Nyanja ya Laptev, komwe anamgumi akupha sakhala komanso komwe sangasambire mwangozi. Ankhandwe opha amayesetsa kuti asakhale mtunda wopitilira 800 km kuchokera pagombe ndipo amakhala atakhazikika m'malo ozizira komanso otentha kuposa kumadera otentha kapena m'malo otentha. M'madzi am'madera a Russia, nyama zam'nyanjazi nthawi zambiri zimatha kuwona pafupi ndi Kuril ndi Commander Islands.
Ndizosangalatsa! Anangumi omwe amapha amatha kulowa m'madzi akuya mita 300, komabe, sakonda kukhala pansi pamadzi kwa nthawi yayitali: patatha pafupifupi mphindi 4 amatuluka pamwamba.
Zakudya zakupha nsomba
Maziko a anamgumi opha ndi nsomba, ma cephalopods ndi nyama zam'madzi, kuphatikiza anamgumi, omwe amapitilira nyamakazi zakukula ndi kulemera kwake..
Nthawi yomweyo, anthu ena amakonda kusaka, mwachitsanzo, nsomba, pomwe anamgumi ena opha omwe amakhala mdera lomwelo amakonda, mwachitsanzo, zisindikizo ngati masewera. Zakudya zamtunduwu zimadalira mtundu wa subspecies womwe ali nawo: mayendedwe kapena amangokhala. Anthu omwe amangokhala amangodya nsomba ndi nkhono monga squid kapena octopus.
Nthawi zina, amathanso kusaka zisindikizo zaubweya waana, zomwe ndizosavuta kwa iwo komanso kale kuchokera kuzinyama zofunika izi. Koma nyamayi zakupha ndizowononga kwambiri. Amamenya ndi gulu lonse osati anamgumi amtendere kapena ma dolphin, komanso ngakhale nsombazi zokhetsa magazi. Nthawi yomweyo, pakagundana nsombazi, sizikhala ndi mwayi wotsutsana nawo: nsomba yakupha wamkulu, ngakhale atakhala yekha, osati pagulu, amatha kumuvulaza kwambiri komanso mano ake amphamvu komanso olimba.
Anangumi opha amasaka, nthawi zambiri m'magulu. Chifukwa chake, posaka nsomba, amatembenukira pamzere umodzi ndipo, nthawi zonse amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake kudzera mu echolocation, atapeza nyama, kuyendetsa gulu la nsomba kumtunda, ndikupanga nthawi yomweyo mtundu wina wa mpira wandiweyani, wopangidwa ndi nsomba, kapena kuyikanikiza kunyanja ... Pambuyo pake, anamgumiwo amapha nsomba ndi nkhonya zamphamvu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Anangumi opha omwe amakhala kufupi ndi gombe la Patagonia ndikusaka mikango yam'madzi amalumphira kumtunda kuti agwire nyama yawo. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ng'ombe zamagulu sizingakhale zotetezeka. Ndipo, posaka zisindikizo kapena ma penguin pa ayezi, mbalamezi zimalowa pansi pa ayezi kenako nkuwombera thupi lonse, kuzitembenuza, kapena mothandizidwa ndi kumenyedwa kwa michira yawo, anamgumi opha amapanga mafunde owongoka, omwe amasambitsa nyama zawo kunyanja.
Pofunafuna zisindikizo, anamgumi opha anakhazikitsa obisalira enieni, mwaluso pogwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe apansi pazolinga izi. Zowononga za m'nyanjazi zimayendetsa anamgumi amodzi amodzi, kapena powazungulira ndi magulu angapo omwe amapanga paketiyo. Anangumi aakulu nthawi zambiri amangogwidwa ndi amuna okhaokha, chifukwa akazi nthawi zina samatha kulimbana ndi wamphamvu ndipo, mwina, owopsa kwa zimphona zamtendere. Anangumi achimuna opha, atakhomerera namgumiyo, amagwira nyamayo pakhosi ndi zipsepse kuti isakwere kumtunda. Pakusaka anamgumi achikazi, akazi nawonso amatenga nawo mbali.
Poterepa, ntchito yawo ndiyosiyana: kuti asalole wovutikayo kupita kuzama. Koma anamgumi aamuna aamuna amapewa ndi anamgumi opha, chifukwa ndi amphamvu kwambiri kwa iwo ndipo akhoza kuwopsa. Monga lamulo, posaka nyama zazikulu zazinyama, anamgumi opha amayesa kulimbana ndi nyama yodwala kapena yofooka pagulu. Nthawi zambiri, anamgumi akupha amatha kumenyana ndi mwana wakhanda. Koma nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kuchita izi, chifukwa anamgumi amateteza ana awo mwakhama, nthawi zina amangoletsa gulu la anamgumi opha kuti asayandikire ana awo, osanenapo zowafooketsa kwa amayi awo.
Kubereka ndi ana
Kuswana kwa anamgumi akupha sikumvetsetsa. Asayansi atha kungoganiza kuti nthawi yolumikizirana nyama zolusa zam'madzi izi ndi chilimwe ndi nthawi yophukira.
Zing'onozing'ono zimadziwika za kutalika kwa nthawi ya bere mu nyulu zazikazi zakupha. Akatswiri a zoo amangoganiza kuti akazi a mtundu uwu amabereka ana awo osachepera miyezi 16-17. Koma ndizodziwika bwino kuti mwana m'modzi yekha amabadwa munthawi yake.
Ndizosangalatsa!Kutha msinkhu kwa anamgumi ang'onoang'ono amapha ali ndi zaka 12-14, kuyambira zaka izi ma cetacean amatha kuberekanso. Amuna okulirapo amakhalabe m'gulu la amayi awo, ndipo akazi achichepere amachoka pagulu lofanana ndi anamgumi opha anzawo kuti akalowe nawo limodzi la ziweto zomwe zilipo kapena kuti apeze yatsopano.
Kutalika kwa thupi la nsomba yopha wakhanda atangobadwa kumakhala kale mamita 2.5-2.7. Kwa moyo wake wonse, wamkazi wa anyaniwa, pafupifupi, amabereka ana ake asanu ndi mmodzi. Amasiya kubereka pafupifupi zaka makumi anayi, koma ngakhale pambuyo pake amakhala kwa nthawi yayitali: nthawi zina ngakhale zaka makumi angapo.
Adani achilengedwe
Mwachilengedwe, anamgumi akupha alibe adani achilengedwe, chifukwa ngakhale nsombazi zimaopa kulumikizana naye... Ngakhale zitakhala kuti nsombazi zimapha ana ankhandwe ochepa kapena atafooka, ndiye kuti ngakhale nsomba zolusa sizikhala ndi mwayi wopambana. Ndipo, popeza kulibe olanda munyanjayo wamkulu kuposa nsomba yoyera yomweyo kapena whale whale, ndiye kuti mbalamezi siziyenera kuopa nyama zina.
Potengera izi, titha kunena kuti ndi munthu yekhayo amene angakhale wowopsa kwa anamgumi, ndipo, osati iye mwini, monga ntchito zake zogwirira ntchito m'migodi mu Nyanja Yadziko Lonse, komanso kusodza ndi ziphuphu za cephalopod, zomwe zimachitika mayiko. Pachifukwa chotsatirachi, nyama zolusa zakuda ndi zoyera zimawonongeka ndi chakudya chawo chachikulu.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Palibe chidziwitso chenicheni cha kuchuluka kwa anamgumi akupha. Mitunduyi, pakadali pano, yapatsidwa "deta yosakwanira", popeza sizovuta kuphunzira momwe nyama izi zilili, komanso mawonekedwe ndi machitidwe awo. Ankhwangwa opha mosamala, ngakhale ali ochezeka kwa anthu, sangalole ochita kafukufuku kuti angodziyandikira okha, osanenapo kuti modekha adachitapo kanthu poyika chizindikiro cha wayilesi mthupi lawo.
Komabe, ngakhale kusaphunzira kosakwanira kwa moyo wa ma cetacean komanso kusowa kwa chidziwitso chofunikira chokhudza iwo, asayansi akukhulupirira kuti kutha kwa anamgumi opha mtsogolo sikukuwopsezedwa, chifukwa ichi ndi nyama yodziwika bwino, yomwe malo ake amakhala pafupifupi dziko lonse lapansi nyanja.
Mtengo wamalonda
Mwalamulo, kusaka anangumi opha mdziko lonse lotukuka kudaletsedwanso ku 1982 atakhazikitsa lamulo lofuna kuteteza nyamazi kuti zisawonongeke, mwina, kuti zithetu. Komabe, ngakhale kuli kwakanthawi, anthu ena azikhalidwe, makamaka omwe amakhala Kumpoto, komwe kulibe masewera ambiri, akupitilizabe kusaka nyama zakutchirezi. Usodzi wamtunduwu sungaletsedwe pamalamulo. Koma ngakhale m'maiko otukuka, anamgumi opha anthu amagwidwa chifukwa cha sayansi komanso kuwasunga m'madzi kuti asangalatse anthu.
Ndizosangalatsa! Pakadali pano, nkhani yosunga anamgumi opha anthu ali mu ukapolo imadziwika kuti ndi yovuta, popeza ngakhale kuti m'malo awo achilengedwe nyama izi ndizokomera anthu ndipo zimawonetsa chidwi m'malo mozunza, ali m'ndende ma whale ambiri amapita kumene ochezeka. Nthawi zambiri samazunza nyama zina zomwe zimakhala pafupi, koma amatha kuwukira wophunzitsa wawo. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti osati gawo lochepetsera kuchepa kwa anamgumi opha anzawo ndichakuti adaniwo ali muukapolo amakhala ochepa kwambiri kuposa omwe amakhala mwaufulu.
Whale whale ndi nyamayi yamphamvu komanso yokongola yam'madzi yomwe ndi wachibale wapamtima wa dolphin ndipo ndi a banja limodzi. Anangumi omwe amapha amakhala mu Nyanja Yadziko Lonse, m'mbali mwake yonse yamadzi, koma amakonda kukhala m'madzi ozizira komanso ozizira. Amasambira kumadera otentha kawirikawiri ndipo, monga lamulo, samakhala kumeneko kwa nthawi yayitali. Nyama izi zimakhala ndi chikhalidwe chosangalatsa kwambiri chomwe chimafanana mwanjira ina monga lingaliro limodzi. Ankhondo akupha amakhala ndi zinsinsi zambiri komanso zinsinsi zomwe asayansi omwe amafufuza sanadziwebe.
