Nkhalangoyi ndi malo achilengedwe omwe amapezeka m'malo ambiri anyengo padziko lapansi. Imayimilidwa ndi mitengo ndi zitsamba zomwe zimakula kwambiri ndipo zimapezeka m'malo ambiri. M'nkhalangoyi mumakhala nyama zamtundu winawake zomwe zimatha kukhala m'malo otere. Chimodzi mwazinthu zothandiza m'chilengedwechi ndikutha kudzikonzanso.
Nkhalango ndizosiyanasiyana:
- malo owonetsera;
- tepi bur;
- paki;
- apolisi;
- malo okwera.
Kutengera mtundu wamatabwa, pali nkhalango zokhazokha, zotakata komanso zosakanikirana.
Nkhalango zanyengo zosiyanasiyana
Kudera lanyengo ya equator, komwe kumatentha nthawi zonse komanso kutentha kwambiri, mitengo yobiriwira nthawi zonse imakula m'magulu angapo. Pano mungapeze ficuses ndi mitengo ya kanjedza, orchid, mipesa ndi mitengo ya cocoa. Nkhalango za equatorial ndizodziwika kwambiri ku Africa, South America, zomwe sizipezeka ku Eurasia.
Nkhalango zouma zolimba zimamera m'malo otentha. M'nyengo yotentha kuno kotentha pang'ono koma m'malo mwake kumawuma, nthawi yachisanu sikukuzizira komanso kumagwa mvula. Oaks ndi heather, maolivi ndi myrritis, arbutus ndi liana zimamera m'malo otentha. Nkhalango yamtunduwu imapezeka ku North Africa, Europe, Australia ndi America.
Nyengo yotentha ya m'nkhalango ili ndi mitundu yambiri yamasamba monga beech ndi thundu, magnolias ndi minda yamphesa, ma chestnuts ndi lindens. Nkhalango zotakata kwambiri zimapezeka ku Eurasia, kuzilumba zina za Pacific Ocean, ku South ndi North America.
M'madera otentha, pali nkhalango zosakanikirana, pomwe, pamodzi ndi thundu, linden, elm, fir ndi spruce zimakula. Mwambiri, nkhalango zosakanikirana zimazungulira gawo laling'ono la North America ndi ma kontinenti aku Eurasia, mpaka ku Far East.
Kumpoto kwa America, Europe ndi Asia, kuli malo achilengedwe a taiga, komwe kumalamuliranso nyengo yotentha. Taiga ndi ya mitundu iwiri - yowala coniferous ndi mdima coniferous. Apa mkungudza, ma spruces, firs, ferns ndi tchire zimakula.
Kumalo otentha, kuli nkhalango zamvula zomwe zimapezeka ku Central America, kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia, mbali ina ku Australia. Nkhalango za m'derali zili ndi mitundu iwiri - nyengo ndi madzi nthawi zonse. Nyengo m'dera la nkhalango ya subequatorial lamba imayimilidwa ndi nyengo ziwiri - yonyowa komanso youma, yomwe imakhudzidwa ndimlengalenga komanso mlengalenga. Nkhalango za lamba wam'madzi zimapezeka ku South America, Indochina ndi Australia. Kudera lotentha kuli nkhalango zosakanikirana, zomwe zili ku China ndi ku United States. Nyengo ndi yanyontho kwambiri kuno, ndikukula kwa mitengo ya paini ndi magnolias, camellia ndi camphor laurel.
Dziko lapansi lili ndi nkhalango zambiri nyengo zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimathandiza kuti pakhale zomera ndi zinyama zosiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Komabe, nkhalango zimawopsezedwa ndi zochitika za anthropogenic, ndichifukwa chake dera lamapiri limachepetsedwa ndi mahekitala mazana ambiri chaka chilichonse.
