"Wonunkha" kapena "Wonunkhiza Jim" - mayina osanamawa ndi amodzi mwa akamba ang'onoang'ono kwambiri okhala ku North America. Pangozi, kamba kake kamatulutsa katemera wonunkhira ndi fungo lonunkhira.
Kufotokozera kwa musk kamba
Chokwawa ndi cha mtundu wa Musk (Sternotherus / Kinosternon) ndipo chikuyimira akamba a Silt (Kinosternidae)... Otsatirawa, okhala ndi mafailo osiyanasiyana, ali ndi chinthu chimodzi chofananira - mutu wamphamvu wamphamvu wokhala ndi nsagwada "zachitsulo", wosweka mosavuta zipolopolo zazing'ono zazing'ono.
Zofunika! Musky kuchokera ku akamba ena onse apadziko lapansi amasiyanitsidwa ndi mawonekedwe akunja - matcheni otupa pakhungu (pammero ndi m'khosi), ofanana ndi ma papillomas. Mitundu ina ya njerewere kulibe.
Kuphatikiza apo, chokwawa ichi ndi cha m'munsi mwa akamba obisika a m'khosi, dzina lake limaperekedwa ndimutu womwe mutu umakokedwa mu carapace: kamba kanyama kameneka kamakupinda khosi lake ngati chilembo chachi Latin "S"
Maonekedwe
Khosi lalitali kwambiri ndi lingaliro lina lomwe limasiyanitsa kamba ya musk ndi ena. Chifukwa cha khosi, chokwawa chimatulutsa miyendo yake yakumbuyo popanda zovuta komanso kuwonongeka kulikonse kwa thupi. Izi ndi akamba ang'onoang'ono kukula kwa kanjedza, osakula mpaka masentimita 16. Akuluakulu (kutengera mtundu) amatha kutalika kwa masentimita 10-14. miyeso yanu:
- Kamba wamba wamba - 7.5-12.5 cm;
- kamba wonyezimira - 7.5-15 cm;
- kamba yaying'ono ya musk - 7.5-12.5 cm;
- Sternotherus depressus - 7.5-11 masentimita.
Mbiri yayikulu ya carapace chowulungika ndi yakuda bulauni, yopukutidwa ndi mawanga azitona. Mosungira mwachilengedwe, carapace imakula ndi algae ndipo imachita mdima mowonekera. Phokoso lam'mimba limakhala lowala kwambiri - beige kapena kuwala kwa azitona. Mu akamba achichepere, chigobacho chapamwamba chimakhala ndi mizere itatu yomwe imasowa akamakula. Mikwingwirima yoyera imatambasula pamutu / m'khosi mwa zokwawa zazikulu.
Lilime la musk kamba (mwachilengedwe ochepa ndi ofooka) limakhala ndi mawonekedwe oyambira - silimachita nawo kumeza, koma limatenga nawo gawo pakupuma. Chifukwa cha timabamputi topezeka palilime, zokwawa zimatenga mpweya mwachindunji m'madzi, zomwe zimawathandiza kuti azikhala dziwe osachokapo. Mu akamba achichepere, kufalikira kwazakugonana kumafafanizidwa, ndichifukwa chake amuna ndi akazi samadziwika. Ndipo pakangoyamba kubala mchimuna mchira umayamba kutambasula, ndipo mamba amkati amapangika mkati mwamiyendo yakumbuyo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Masikelo awa omwe amalimbikitsa kumamatira mnzao panthawi yogonana amatchedwa "ziwalo zolira." Dzinalo limachokera pakumveka kwa kulira (komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kukangana), kofanana ndi kuyimba kwa kanyumba kapena mbalame.
Miyendo ya kamba wa musk, ngakhale yayitali, ndi yopyapyala: imathera mu zikuluzikulu zokhala ndi zikopa zazikulu.
Moyo
Mumtambo wa musk, umalumikizidwa ndi gawo lamadzi - chokwawa chimakwawa kupita kumtunda kukaikira mazira kapena pakagwa mvula yambiri... Akamba ndi osambira abwino, koma koposa zonse amakonda kuyenda pansi kukafunafuna chakudya choyenera. Amawonetsa mphamvu zowonjezereka mumdima, madzulo ndi usiku. Amuna amasiyanitsidwa ndi mikangano, yomwe imadziwika ndi abale awo (ndichifukwa chake amakhala m'madzi osiyanasiyana).
Kuphatikiza apo, ali mu ukapolo, amanjenjemera mwachangu, makamaka poyamba, kufikira atazolowera chilengedwe chatsopano ndi anthu. Pakadali pano, akamba amisempha mobwerezabwereza amagwiritsa ntchito zida zawo zowoneka bwino - chinsinsi chachikaso chonunkhira chomwe chimapangidwa ndi magulu awiri amtundu wa musk obisika pansi pa chipolopolocho.
Ndizosangalatsa! Mumikhalidwe yachilengedwe, zokwawa zimakonda kuwonetsa mbali zake padzuwa, zomwe sizimangopita kumtunda, komanso zimakwera mitengo, ndikugwiritsa ntchito nthambi zomwe zidapinda pamadzi.
M'madera ofunda okhala ndi matupi amadzi osazizira, nyama zimagwira ntchito chaka chonse, apo ayi zimapita kuzizira. Akamba amtundu wa Muscovy amapulumuka kuzizira kuzizira m'malo ogona monga:
- ming'alu;
- danga pansi pamiyala;
- mizu ya mitengo yokhotakhota;
- nkhuni zamoto;
- pansi matope.
Zokwawa zimadziwa kukumba maenje ndikuchita izi kutentha kwamadzi kukatsikira ku 10 ° C. Ngati dziwe limaundana, zokwawa zimalowa mu chisanu. Nthawi zambiri amabisala m'magulu.
Utali wamoyo
Kamba kanyama kamene kamakhala kutchire sikudziwika kwenikweni, koma kutalika kwa mtundu uwu mu ukapolo kumayandikira pafupifupi zaka 20-25.
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Kamba wamtunduwu amapezeka kum'mawa ndi kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa United States, kumwera chakum'mawa kwa Canada, komanso Chigwahua cha Chihuahua (Mexico). Ku North America, zokwawa ndizofala kuyambira ku New England ndi kumwera kwa Ontario mpaka kumwera kwa Florida. Kulowera chakumadzulo, malowo amafikira ku Central / West Texas ndi Kansas.
Malo okondedwa amakhala osayenda ndipo amayenda pang'onopang'ono madzi amadzi amchere (okhala ndi kuya kosaya ndi pansi). M'madera akum'mwera kwa mitunduyi, akamba amakhala akugwira ntchito chaka chonse, kumpoto kwawo amabisala.
Musk kamba chakudya
Akamba amisala ndi omnivorous ndipo amasesa pafupifupi chilichonse chomwe chagona pansi, chomwe amafufuza usana ndi usiku... Kukula zokwawa, monga ulamuliro, kudya zomera m'madzi ndi tizilombo, ndipo nthawi zina, anzawo.
Zakudya za nyama zazikulu zimakhala ndi zinthu monga:
- nkhono, makamaka nkhono;
- zomera;
- nsomba;
- zokonda;
- nyongolotsi zam'madzi;
- zovunda.
Chifukwa chakuti zokwawa sizinyoza mitembo, amatchedwa dongosolo lamadzi.
Zofunika! Mukamasunga kamba wam'madzi mumtsinje wam'madzi, ziyenera kuzolowera kulondola komanso zakudya zina. Pofuna kupewa chakudyacho pansi, imayimitsidwa pa singano zapadera ndipo mawonekedwe ake amaperekedwa kwa akamba.
Mu ukapolo, menyu ya musk kamba amasintha pang'ono ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi izi:
- nkhanu;
- nsomba mwachangu;
- nkhuku yophika;
- zomera - duckweed, letesi, clover, dandelions;
- calcium ndi mavitamini owonjezera.
Kamba wa musk sayenera kuyikidwa mu aquarium ndi nsomba zokongoletsera, apo ayi ziwadya.
Adani achilengedwe
Akamba onse ali ndi zida zamphamvu, koma, chodabwitsa, sizimawatsimikizira kuti adzatetezedwa kwathunthu - chiwopsezo chimachokera kwa adani ambiri okhala m'madzi ndi pamtunda. Choyipa chachikulu pakuwononga zokwawa zili ndi anthu, kusaka akamba amazira awo, nyama, chipolopolo chokongola, ndipo nthawi zina amangotopa.
Zirombo zolusa
Amphaka ndi nkhandwe zazikulu zakutchire zidapachika paming'alu yolimba, ndikuponyera akamba kuchokera pamwamba pamiyala... Jaguar, mwachitsanzo, mosamala kwambiri (malinga ndi mboni zowona ndi maso) amatulutsa chokwawa kuchokera pachikopa chake, ngati kuti sichigwiritsa ntchito zikhadabo, koma ndi tsamba laling'ono lakuthwa. Nthawi yomweyo, chilombocho sichikhutira ndi kamba m'modzi, koma nthawi yomweyo chimatembenuka zingapo kumbuyo kwake, ndikusankha malo athyathyathya (opanda zomera). Pabwalo lodulira loterolo, chokwawa sichikhoza kugwira china, kuyimirira ndikukwawa.
Zowononga nthenga
Mbalame zazikuluzikulu zimakweza akamba am'mwamba mumlengalenga ndipo kuchokera pamenepo amaponyera pamiyala kuti atulutse zomwe zili mchipolopolo chosweka. Ngakhale akhwangwala amasaka nyama zokwawa zazing'ono, zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa posunga akamba panja. Ndi bwino kuphimba aviary ndi ukonde kapena kuyang'anira chiweto chikukwawa kuti chikatenthedwe.
Akamba
Zinyama zimakonda kudya anzawo ndipo nthawi zambiri zimaukira achibale ofooka, ocheperako kapena odwala. N'zosadabwitsa kuti kamba za musk (chosowa chakudya kapena chiwawa chowopsa) chimaukira amitundu anzawo, ndikuwasiya opanda mchira, mawoko ndi ... opanda mutu.
Nsomba zolusa
Anthu achilengedwe onyozawa amawopseza akamba ang'onoang'ono akangobadwa.
Zofunika! Ngati musunga kamba wam'mimba kunyumba, yesetsani kuti isakhale kutali ndi ziweto zina zamiyendo inayi, makamaka makoswe ndi agalu. Wotsirizirayo amatha kuluma kudzera pachigoba, pomwe woyamba adaluma miyendo ndi mchira wa kamba.
Tizilombo ndi majeremusi
Akamba ofooka komanso odwaladwala amasanduka nyama yosavuta ya kafadala ndi nyerere, zomwe zimawombana ndi mbali zofewa za kanyama kanthawi kochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, miliri ina, kuphatikizapo tiziromboti, bowa, helminths ndi mavairasi, imalimba zokwawa.
Kubereka ndi ana
Kutalika kwa carapace (kosiyanasiyana pamtundu uliwonse) kumakuwuzani kuti kamba kanyama kakonzeka kubereka mtundu wawo. Nthawi yachikondi imayamba ndikutentha ndipo imatha miyezi ingapo, nthawi zambiri kuyambira Epulo mpaka Juni.... Munthawi yamiyendo, chokwawa chimapanga mikwingwirima 2-4, zomwe zikuwonetsa kubala kwake kwabwino. Amuna ndi okonda kwambiri komanso osakhutitsidwa. Ndikwabwino ngati pali abwenzi angapo: azimayi amatha kukhutiritsa chilakolako chogonana popanda kuvulaza thanzi la amayi.
Ichi ndichifukwa chake m'madzi am'madzi nthawi zambiri mumakhala akwatibwi 3-4 pa mkwati aliyense. Mwamunayo samadzidetsa nkhawa chifukwa chokhala pachibwenzi kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kupirira koyambirira - atawona (ndikununkhiza) mkazi wokongola wokonda zachiwerewere, amamupatsa dzanja ndipo mtima wake umamugwira mwamwano.
Ndizosangalatsa! Akamba amphongo, akumvera malingaliro osagonana osagonana, nthawi zina amakumana ndi akazi omwe ali amitundu ina (yosagwirizana) ya akamba.
Kugonana kumachitika m'mbali yamadzi ndipo nthawi zambiri kumachedwa ngakhale kwa maola, koma kwa tsiku limodzi. Ikakwerana, yaikazi imakwawa kumtunda kuyamba kuyikira mazira. Malo ogona atha kukhala:
- dzenje lokumba mwapadera;
- chisa cha wina;
- kuzama mumchenga;
- danga pansi pa chitsa chowola;
- muskrat nyumba.
Nthawi zambiri, mayi wosasamala amasiya ana ake amtsogolo (mwa mawonekedwe a mazira a 2-7) pamtunda. Mazira (olimba, koma osalimba kwenikweni) ndi elliptical ndipo amajambulidwa mu pinki wotumbululuka, pang'onopang'ono amatembenuka oyera. Kutentha kwa makulitsidwe, komwe kumatenga masiku 60 mpaka 107, kumayambira + 25 + 29 ° С. Zatsimikiziridwa kuti akadali mkati mwa dzira, akamba amatha kutulutsa timadzi tambiri.
Ngati kamba yam'mimba yayika mazira m'madzi, amayenera kugwidwa kuti ateteze kufa kwa akamba. Ana oswedwa amakula modumphadumpha, mwamsanga amadziyimira pawokha ndipo safuna chisamaliro cha amayi.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Turtle ya Alabama Minor Musk imatetezedwa ndi malamulo aboma... Kuphatikiza apo, nyamayi imaphatikizidwa pamndandanda wazinthu zosawerengeka komanso zowopsa ku United States. Kuphatikiza apo, Sternotherus depressus, kapena m'malo mwake, m'modzi mwa subspecies yake, adapezeka pamasamba a IUCN Red List (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources). Akamba ena onse a musk alibe chiopsezo.
