Kuti muwone hedgehog - nyama yomwe aliyense amadziwa kuyambira ali mwana, sikofunikira kupita kuthengo kapena kumunda. Kupatula apo, nyama zazing'ono, zokutidwa ndi singano nthawi zambiri zimakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi anthu: zambiri zimakhazikika munyumba zawo zachilimwe, ndipo zina, zitsanzo zolimba mtima kwambiri, zimakhala m'mizinda.
Kufotokozera kwa hedgehog
Hedgehog, yemwe watchuka m'mabuku ndi makatuni a ana, ndi wa banja la a hedgehog, omwe ali mgulu la zigawenga... Imeneyi ndi nyama yomangidwa mozungulira yomwe ili ndi singano zothwanima, zomwe zimakulirakulira ndi ubweya wabwino. Kukhoza kwake kupindika kukhala mpira kumachitika chifukwa khungu lake limatha kutambasulidwa kwambiri.
Maonekedwe
Hedgehog ndi kanyama kakang'ono (pafupifupi kulemera - pafupifupi magalamu 800 - 1 kg) wokhala ndi mchira wofupikitsa ndipo, monga lamulo, uli ndi makutu ang'onoang'ono ndi mphuno yocheperako pang'ono. Mphuno yake yaying'ono yakuda, yomwe nyamayo nthawi ndi nthawi imayika m'mabowo ndi mabowo osiyanasiyana pansi posaka nyama, imakhala yonyowa nthawi zonse komanso yowala. Mutu wake ndi wokulirapo, woboola pakati; dera lamaso ndilopanikizika pang'ono. Mano ndi ochepa komanso owongoka, alipo 36 onse, 20 mwa iwo ali pachibwano chapamwamba, ndi 16 nsagwada zakumunsi, pomwe zida zakumtunda ndizapakati kwambiri, kotero kuti zotsika zimabwera pakati pawo.
Kapangidwe ka hedgehog ndi kothithikana kwambiri, miyendo ndi yaifupi komanso yopyapyala, ndipo miyendo yakumbuyo imakhala yayitali kuposa yakutsogolo. Pamatako ake, chinyama chili ndi zala zisanu zakumaso zokhala ndi zikhadabo zakuthwa zakuda. Zala zapakati paziyendo zakumbuyo ndizotalikirapo kuposa zina zonse: ndi chithandizo chawo, hedgehog imatsuka minga yake ku tizirombo toyamwa magazi ngati nkhupakupa, zomwe zimakonda kukhazikika pakati pa singano. Mchira ndi waufupi kwambiri, kotero kuti kumatha kukhala kovuta kuuwona pansi pamtsempha wokuta kumbuyo ndi mbali.
Mu mitundu yambiri ya nyama iyi, kuphatikizapo hedgehog wamba, singano ndizochepa, zikukula mosiyanasiyana, pamutu zimasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wina wogawana. Mtundu wa singano kuchokera patali umawoneka ngati wauve-imvi, ngati wothira fumbi, koma kwenikweni ndi gawo: pa singano iliyonse, madera ofiira akuda amasinthasintha ndi kuwala, loyera-beige. Mkati mwa singano muli mpweya wodzaza mpweya.
Singano zimakula mofanana ndi tsitsi ndipo, mofanana ndi tsitsi, zimagwa nthawi ndi nthawi kuti singano zatsopano zimere m'malo mwake. Moulting mu hedgehogs amapezeka masika kapena nthawi yophukira, pomwe, pafupifupi, singano imodzi mwa zitatu imasinthidwa pachaka. Nthawi yomweyo, chinyama sichimatulutsa kwathunthu: singano pang'onopang'ono zimatuluka ndipo zatsopano zimamera m'malo mwake. Kutulutsa kwathunthu masingano mu ma hedgehogs akuluakulu kumatheka pokhapokha ngati mukudwala kwambiri.
Ndizosangalatsa! Singano iliyonse imakhazikika pathupi la hedgehog mothandizidwa ndi minyewa ya minyewa, yomwe imakweza ndi kutsitsa ngati kuli kofunikira, chifukwa chake nyama imatha kupukutira ngati ikufuna kudziteteza kwa adani.
Ziwalo za thupi la hedgehog zomwe zilibe singano (mutu, pamimba, miyendo) zimakutidwa ndi ubweya wakuda wakuda, nthawi zambiri imvi, chikasu kapena bulauni, ngakhale mumitundu ina ya nyama izi mtundu waukulu umatha kuchepetsedwa ndimayendedwe oyera kapena opepuka.
Khalidwe ndi moyo
Ma Hedgehogs amakonda kukhala usiku. Masana amabisala m'chisa chawo, ndipo mumdima amapita kukafunafuna chakudya. Zisa zimakonzedwa m'tchire, m'mabowo, m'mapanga ang'onoang'ono, komanso m'mabowo okumbidwa ndi makoswe kenako amasiyidwa ndi eni ake oyamba. Kukula kwa chisa, pafupifupi, ndi 15-20 cm, ndipo chisa chokha chimakhala ndi zinyalala zaudzu wouma, masamba kapena moss.
Ndizosangalatsa! Chifukwa chakuti tiziromboti tomwe timayamwa magazi tikukula nthawi zonse pakati pa minga za nyama izi, asayansi omwe amaphunzira za nyamazi adapeza tanthauzo lapadera: ola limodzi. Amatanthauza kuchuluka kwa nkhupakupa zomwe hedgehog amatola pa ola limodzi la kuyenda m'nkhalango.
The hedgehog ndi nyama yoyera, amayang'anira mosamala ukhondo wa ubweya wake ndi minga... Amanyambita ubweya pachifuwa ndi pamimba ndi lilime lake, monga amphaka oweta. Koma ndizosatheka kuyeretsa singano kumbuyo ndi mbali motere, motero chinyama chimazisamalira mwanjira ina. Pofuna kupewa nkhupakupa ndi tizirombo tina toyamwa magazi kuti tisasonkhane pakati pa minga, hedgehog imatsuka singano zake mothandizidwa ndi chala chachitali chapakati pamiyendo yakumbuyo. Ndipo komabe, ngakhale atayesetsa chotere, anyantchoche osavala mwinjiro wake wobiriwira amakhala nthawi zonse.
Zabwino kuposa njira zina zilizonse, malo osambira a asidi, omwe hedgehog imapeza mukamazungulirira zipatso zowola, amathandiza nyama yaminga kuchotsa tizirombo tonyasa. Chizolowezi ichi chinabweretsa lingaliro lakuti nyama iyi imakonda kudya maapulo. M'malo mwake, amakhala ngati alibe nawo chidwi, monga, mwanjira ina, oimira ena amtundu wa tizilombo. Hedgehog ili ndi mphuno yochenjera yomwe imamuthandiza kusaka mumdima komanso kumva bwino, zomwe zimathandizanso pakuyenda mumdima, pomwe maso ake ndi ofowoka, ndichifukwa chake hedgehog iyenera kudalira mphamvu zina.
Pafupifupi, nyama imatha kuthamanga pafupifupi ma kilomita atatu usiku. Chifukwa cha miyendo yake yayifupi, hedgehog imatha kuyenda maulendo ataliatali, koma izi sizimulepheretsa kuti ayambe liwiro lalikulu mokwanira kukula kwake: 3 m / s. Mtsinje kapena mtsinje wawung'ono womwe umakumana panjira si cholepheretsa mpanda: pambuyo pake, nyama iyi imatha kusambira bwino. Amalumphanso bwino, motero amatha kudumpha chopinga chaching'ono, monga, thunthu lamtengo.
Ndizosangalatsa! Iliyonse mwa nyamazi ili ndi chiwembu chake, chomwe champhongo chimasamala mwampikisano wawo.
Mwachilengedwe chake, hedgehog imakhala yamtendere komanso yamakhalidwe abwino: kupatula nyama zomwe amasaka ndi kupikisana nazo kuti zizisamalira za akazi, sadzaukiranso koyamba. Koma ngati kuli kotheka, chilombochi chimatha kuthamangitsa wolakwayo. Choyamba, ayesa kuthamangitsa wozunzayo mokalipa kwambiri, ndipo ngati sangathandize, ayesa kumudumphira kuti amubaye pang'ono.
Ndipo kokha, atatsimikizira kuti zonse zomwe adachita sizinatsogolere chilichonse ndipo chilombocho sichingaganize zobwerera m'mbuyo, hedgehog imadzipindulira ngati mpira ndikuwombera, ndikudzisandutsa mtundu wa nyumba yosavomerezeka. Wopitilizabe, akumenyetsa nkhope yake kapena kugwirana ndi singano zake, monga lamulo, amazindikira kuti nyamayi ndi yovuta kwambiri kwa iye, kenako nkumachoka. Ndipo hedgehog, kudikirira mpaka atakhala kuti sakuwoneka, akutembenuka ndikupitilizabe kuchita bizinesi yake.
M'dzinja, hedgehog imalowa mu hibernation, yomwe imatha kuyambira Okutobala mpaka Epulo. Asanabadwe, nyama imachulukitsa mafuta osachepera 500 magalamu, ndipo isanalowe muzithunzi zoyimitsidwa, imatseka pakhomo lolowera. M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kwa thupi kumatha kutsika mpaka 1.8 ° C, ndipo kugunda kwake kumatsitsidwa mpaka kumenyedwa 20-60 pamphindi. Atadzuka, kutha kwa kutha, hedgehog imakhalabe mu dzenje mpaka kutentha kwa mpweya wakunja kukafika 15 ° C, ndipo kutentha kokha kutatha, imasiya chisa chake ndikupita kukasaka chakudya.
Komabe, si ma hedgehogs onse omwe amakhala mozungulira poyambika nyengo yozizira, koma okhawo omwe amakhala kumadera ozizira, ndipo abale awo omwe amakhala kumadera akumwera amakhalabe achangu chaka chonse. Ma Hedgehogs ndi nyama zaphokoso kwambiri: akamayenda mozungulira masamba awo, amafuula mokweza ndikumveka ngati kumayetsemula, pomwe ma hedgehogs angathenso kuliza mluzu kapena kuwomba ngati mbalame.
Zofunika! Amakhulupirira kuti hedgehog ndi nyama yomwe imatha kusungidwa kunyumba, koma, izi siziri choncho.
Choyamba, hedgehog ndiyosatheka kuphunzitsa, ndipo chifukwa choti amakhala usiku, izi zimabweretsa zovuta zina. Chifukwa chake, ngati nyamayi imamasulidwa m'khola madzulo, ndiye kuti imangoyendayenda m'zipinda usiku wonse, ikukoka mokweza ndikupondaponda zikhomo zake pansi. Kuphatikiza apo, hedgehog ndi yomwe imanyamula matenda oopsa ambiri, kuphatikiza tularemia ndi chiwewe, ndipo nkhupakupa zambiri za encephalitis zimatha kukhazikika muminga zake, zomwe, mwayi woyamba, zimasunthira kwa anthu kapena ziweto, monga agalu kapena amphaka ... Chifukwa chake, ndibwino kuti musabweretse ma hedgehogs mnyumba kapena m'nyumba, ngakhale sikuletsedwa kuwadyetsa m'minda yam'munda, makamaka popeza ma hedgehogs amawononga tizirombo tambiri tambiri, monga mbozi ndi slugs.
Kodi hedgehog imakhala nthawi yayitali bwanji
Mwachilengedwe, hedgehog sikukhala motalika kwambiri - zaka 3-5, koma mu ukapolo nyama izi zitha kukhala zaka 10-15... Izi ndichifukwa choti m'malo awo achilengedwe ali ndi adani ambiri omwe nthawi zina, ngakhale minga sateteza.
Zoyipa zakugonana
Amuna ndi akazi a ma hedgehogs kunja amasiyana pang'ono wina ndi mnzake: ali ndi mtundu wofanana komanso mawonekedwe ofanana. Kusiyana kokha pakati pa ma hedgehogs a amuna ndi akazi osiyanasiyana ndikukula, amuna awo amakhala okulirapo pang'ono ndipo amalemera pang'ono.
Mitundu ya ma hedgehogs
Pakadali pano pali mitundu 16 yodziwika bwino ya ma hedgehog a m'badwo 5 wa banja la hedgehog.
Ma hedgehogs aku Africa
- Zitsulo zoyera
- Algeria
- South Africa
- Wachisomali
Ma hedgehogs aku Europe
- Amursky
- Kum'mawa kwa Europe
- Wamba
- Kumwera
Anapanga ma hedgehogs
- Zatheka
- Kolala
Zingwe za steppe
- Zamgululi
- Chitchaina
Zingwe zazitali zazitali
- Aitiopiya
- Mdima singano
- Mmwenye
- Wopanda
Malo okhala, malo okhala
Ma Hedgehogs amakhala ku Europe, kuphatikiza zilumba za Britain. Amapezeka ku Asia ndi Africa. Kuphatikiza apo, nyamazi zidafotokozedwera ku New Zealand. Ku America, ma hedgehogs sakhala moyo pakadali pano, ngakhale zakale za nyama zam'banja la hedgehog zimapezeka kumeneko. Sapezekanso ku Southeast Asia, Madagascar ndi Australia.
Mitundu 5 ya ma hedgehogs amakhala mdera la Russia:
- Wamba: amakhala m'chigawo chakumpoto chakum'mwera kwa Europe.
- Kumwera: amakhala kumadera akumwera kwa gawo la Europe komanso ku Caucasus.
- Zolemba: amakhala kumwera kwa dera la Far East.
- Daursky: amakhala ku Transbaikalia.
- Zovuta: amakhala kumwera chakum'mawa kwa gawo la Europe ku Russia, komanso amapezeka ku Western Siberia, Tuva ndi Caucasus.
Malo omwe amakonda kwambiri ndi nkhalango zosakanikirana, malamba a m'nkhalango, zigwa zaudzu, mitsinje yodzaza ndi mitsinje ndi zitunda. Mitundu ina ya ma hedgehogs imakula bwino m'zipululu komanso m'zipululu. Ma Hedgehogs amatha kukhazikika pafupifupi kulikonse: amangopewa madambo ndi nkhalango za coniferous.
Ma Hedgehogs nthawi zambiri amatha kuwona pafupi ndi malo omwe anthu amakhala, monga mapaki, minda yosiyidwa, nyumba zazing'ono za chilimwe, kunja kwa matauni ndi minda yobzalidwa ndi tirigu. Monga lamulo, nyama zaminga sizikufuna kuchoka m'malo mwawo ndipo zinthu zoyipa monga moto wamnkhalango, nyengo yoipa yayitali kapena kusowa kwa chakudya zimawapangitsa kuyandikira pafupi ndi anthu.
Zakudya za ma hedgehogs
Ngakhale kuti ma hedgehogs ali m'gulu la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, iwo amakhala omnivores. Kwenikweni, nyama zaminga zimadyetsa nyama zopanda mafupa: tizilombo tosiyanasiyana, mbozi, ma slugs, nkhono, mafunde ochepa nthawi zambiri. M'chilengedwe, zinyama zimadyedwa kawirikawiri, ndipo, monga lamulo, zimaukira achule ndi abuluzi omwe agwera pakatikati.
Zofunika! Ngati hedgehog yakhazikika m'munda ndipo mukufuna kumuchitira china, simuyenera kudyetsa mlendo wokhala ndi mkaka, chifukwa ndizovulaza nyama zazikulu.
Bwino kupatsa mpanda wankhumba nyama yankhumba, ng'ombe kapena nkhuku, kapena dzira laiwisi. Muyeneranso kudyetsa nyama ndi mphaka kapena chakudya cha galu, chifukwa siyabwino kwa iye ndipo imayambitsa mavuto pakudya.
Hedgehog samakonda kusaka mbewa... Samagwira mbalame zazikulu konse, koma nthawi zina sataya mazira a mbalame kapena anapiye ang'ono omwe amapezeka pansi. Koma, mosiyana ndi zomwe ambiri amakhulupirira, ma hedgehogs samasaka njoka, ngakhale amatha kuthana nayo ngati zokwawa izi ziziwakantha iwowo. Kuchokera kuzakudya zamasamba, ma hedgehogs amatha kudya bowa, mizu, ma acorn, zipatso kapena zipatso, koma samachita izi pafupipafupi monga anthu ambiri amakhulupirira.
Kubereka ndi ana
Nthawi yokwanira ya ma hedgehogs imayamba mchaka, pambuyo pa kugona. Nthawi imeneyi, amuna nthawi zambiri amalimbana ndi zazikazi, kulumirana miyendo ndi zipsinjo, komanso kumenyanirana singano. Mkati mwa nkhondoyi, ma hedgehogs amafewetsa ndi kuwomba mokweza, kuyesera kuwopseza mdani wawo ndikumveka uku. Ndipo nkhondoyo ikatha, wopambana amatha maola ambiri akusamalira wamkazi, kufunafuna kukondedwa naye. Mimba mu hedgehog yachikazi imatenga masiku 40 mpaka 56. Monga pothawirapo asanabadwe, hedgehog imadziboola yokha, kapena imagwiritsa ntchito mabowo omwe anasiya makoswe.
Mkati mwa kabowo, mkazi amayala udzu wouma ndi masamba, ndipo kale mu chisa ichi mumabereka ana ake. Mu zinyalala, kuyambira atatu mpaka eyiti amabadwa, koma nthawi zambiri, ana anayi amabadwa, omwe amabadwa amaliseche, akhungu, ogontha komanso opanda mano. Maola angapo amadutsa, ndipo khungu la ana limadzaza ndi singano: poyamba, lofewa komanso lopanda utoto, lomwe pambuyo pake, masana, limakhala lolimba komanso limadetsedwa. Masingano a hedgehog amapangidwa mokwanira pofika tsiku lakhumi ndi chisanu la moyo, ndiye kuti, pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo akamatha kuwona ndi kumva.
Mkazi amadyetsa ana ake ndi mkaka kwa mwezi umodzi ndipo nthawi yonseyi amawateteza kuti asayang'anitsidwe. Ngati wina apeza dzenje, ndiye kuti hedgehog imasamutsira ana ake kumalo ena, otetezeka. Ana ake amadziyimira pawokha pakatha miyezi iwiri, ndipo pamapeto pake amasiya chisa chawo kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Kukula msinkhu mu hedgehogs kumachitika mchaka chimodzi, kenako amatha kubereka.
Adani achilengedwe
Kumtchire, ma hedgehogs ali ndi adani ambiri, pomwe singano sizimapulumutsa nthawi zonse. Chowonadi ndi chakuti olusa ena aphunzira kusaka bwino ma hedgehogs, kukankhira nyama yaminga m'madzi, chifukwa cha zomwe amakakamizidwa kuti atembenuke, ndipo hedgehog ikachita izi, nthawi yomweyo imagwira. Ndipo mbalame zodya nyama siziwopa minga ya hedgehog: chifukwa khungu la zikopa zawo ndilolimba kwambiri kuti singano za hedgehog zisawavulaze.
Zofunika! Kwa ma hedgehogs omwe amakhala pafupi ndi komwe anthu amakhala, agalu atha kukhala pachiwopsezo, makamaka omwe ali amitundu yayikulu, yayikulu monga Rottweiler kapena Bull Terriers, komanso mapaketi agalu osochera.
Zonsezi, zolusa izi ndi zina mwazinyama zomwe zimasaka nkhandwe: nkhandwe, mimbulu, ma badger, ferrets, mbalame zodya nyama, makamaka, kadzidzi ndi kadzidzi.
Chiwerengero cha anthu komanso mtundu wa mitunduyi
Pakadali pano, pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya ma hedgehogs, kupatula achi China, ndi omwe ali ndi udindo "wovuta kwambiri." Hedgehog waku China amadziwika kuti ndi "mitundu yovuta". Ponena za chiwerengerochi, mitundu yambiri ya ma hedgehogs ndi mitundu yopambana, chifukwa chake palibe chomwe chingawopseze moyo wawo pakadali pano. Ngakhale kuti nyama zambiri zakutchire zimafera m'makola a odyetsa kapena chifukwa choti sizingathe kupirira tulo, sizingayambitse kuchepa kwa ma hedgehogs.
Nkhumba sizosangalatsa kuphunzira zokha, komanso nyama zothandiza kwambiri, kuwononga tizirombo ta minda, minda yamasamba, minda ndi nkhalango. Nthawi zambiri amakhala pafupi kwambiri ndi munthu, mwachitsanzo, m'nyumba zazilimwe. Nyama zaminga izi zimachita zabwino zambiri, kuwononga mbozi, slugs ndi tizirombo tina, ndipo, ngati chifukwa chaichi, akuyenera kulandira ulemu. Mukakumana ndi hedgehog, palibe chifukwa choyesera kuigwira ndikuyiyika mu khola: ndibwino kungopatsa nyama yaminga mwayi wopitiliza kuchita bizinesi yake, popanda kuzisokoneza komanso osayesa kuyisunga.
